網頁設計外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外文資料</b></p><p>　　JavaServer Pages Overview</p><p>　　JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology enables Web developers and designers to rapidly develop and easily maintain, info

2、rmation-rich, dynamic Web pages that leverage existing business systems. As part of the Java technology family, JSP technology enables rapid development of Web-based applications that are platform independent. JSP techno

3、logy separates the user interface from content generation, enabling designers to change the overall page layout without altering the underlying dynamic content. </p><p>　　Benefits for Developers</p>&

4、lt;p>　　If you are a Web page developer or designer who is familiar with HTML, you can:</p><p>　　Use JSP technology without having to learn the Java language: You can use JSP technology without learning ho

5、w to write Java scriplets. Although scriptlets are no longer required to generate dynamic content, they are still supported to provide backward compatibility. </p><p>　　Extend the JSP language: Java tag libr

6、ary developers and designers can extend the JSP language with "simple tag handlers," which utilize a new, much simpler and cleaner, tag extension API. This spurs the growing number of pluggable, reusable tag li

7、braries available, which in turn reduces the amount of code needed to write powerful Web applications. </p><p>　　Easily write and maintain pages: The JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL) expression l

8、anguage is now integrated into JSP technology and has been upgraded to support functions. The expression language can now be used instead of scriptlet expressions. </p><p>　　JSP Technology and Java Servlets&

9、lt;/p><p>　　JSP technology uses XML-like tags that encapsulate the logic that generates the content for the page. The application logic can reside in server-based resources (such as JavaBeans component architec

10、ture) that the page accesses with these tags. Any and all formatting (HTML or XML) tags are passed directly back to the response page. By separating the page logic from its design and display and supporting a reusable co

11、mponent-based design, JSP technology makes it faster and easier than ever to build</p><p>　　Community Background</p><p>　　The JSP specification is the product of industry-wide collaboration with

12、 industry leaders in the enterprise software and tools markets, led by Sun Microsystems. Sun has made the JSP specification freely available to the developer community, with the goal that every Web server and application

13、 server will support the JSP interface. JSP pages share the "Write Once, Run Anywhere" advantages of Java technology. JSP technology is a key component in the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition, Sun's high

14、ly</p><p>　　JSP Technology in the Java EE 5 Platform</p><p>　　The focus of Java EE 5 has been ease of development by making use of Java language annotations that were introduced by J2SE 5.0. JSP

15、 2.1 supports this goal by defining annotations for dependency injection on JSP tag handlers and context listeners.</p><p>　　Another key concern of the Java EE 5 specification has been the alignment of its w

16、ebtier technologies, namely JavaServer Pages (JSP), JavaServer Faces (JSF), and JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Library (JSTL).</p><p>　　The outcome of this alignment effort has been the Unified Expression Lan

17、guage (EL), which integrates the expression languages defined by JSP 2.0 and JSF 1.1.</p><p>　　The main key additions to the Unified EL that came out of tbe alignment work have been:</p><p>　　A

18、pluggable API for resolving variable references into Java objects and for resolving the properties applied to these Java objects, </p><p>　　Support for deferred expressions, which may be evaluated by a tag h

19、andler when needed, unlike their regular expression counterparts, which get evaluated immediately when a page is executed and rendered, and </p><p>　　Support for lvalue expression, which appear on the left h

20、and side of an assignment operation. When used as an lvalue, an EL expression represents a reference to a data structure, for example: a JavaBeans property, that is assigned some user input. </p><p>　　The ne

21、w Unified EL is defined in its own specification document, which is delivered along with the JSP 2.1 specification.</p><p>　　Thanks to the Unified EL, JSTL tags, such as the JSTL iteration tags, can now be u

22、sed with JSF components in an intuitive way.</p><p>　　Java Servlet Technology Overview</p><p>　　Servlets are the Java platform technology of choice for extending and enhancing Web servers. Servl

23、ets provide a component-based, platform-independent method for building Web-based applications, without the performance limitations of CGI programs. And unlike proprietary server extension mechanisms (such as the Netscap

24、e Server API or Apache modules), servlets are server- and platform-independent. This leaves you free to select a "best of breed" strategy for your servers, platforms, and tools. Ser</p><p><b&g

25、t;　　JavaBeans</b></p><p>　　JavaBeans technology is the component architecture for the Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE). Components (JavaBeans) are reusable software programs that you can develo

26、p and assemble easily to create sophisticated applications. JavaBeans technology is based on the JavaBeans specification. </p><p>　　The Bean BuilderThe Bean Builder is a simple component assembler that demo

27、nstrates the visual construction of applications using component assembly mechanisms. </p><p>　　JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF)JAF lets you take advantage of standard services to: determine the t

28、ype of an arbitrary piece of data; encapsulate access to it; discover the operations available on it; and instantiate the appropriate bean to perform the operation(s). </p><p>　　The Java 2 Enterprise Edition

29、 (J2EE) is a standard that defines an environment for the development and deployment of enterprise applications. It reduces the cost and complexity of developing multitier enterprise applications as it provides a multiti

30、er distributed application model. In other words, it is inherently distributed and therefore the various parts of an application can run on different devices. </p><p>　　Web applications developed using JavaS

31、erver Pages (JSP) may require some interaction with J2EE services. For example, a web-based inventory control system may need to access J2EE's directory services to gain access to a database. Or you may want to use E

32、nterprise JavaBeans (EJB) in your application. </p><p>　　This article presents a brief overview of J2EE, then it shows how to: </p><p>　　Describe J2EE services in a Web Deployment Descriptor (we

33、b.xml) </p><p>　　Reference J2EE services </p><p>　　Access and use J2EE services from JSPs </p><p>　　Overview of J2EE</p><p>　　The J2EE is a standard platform for the de

34、velopment and deployment of enterprise applications. The architecture of J2EE, which is component-based, makes developing enterprise applications easy because business logic is organized into reusable components and the

35、underlying service is provided by J2EE in the form of a container for every component type. Think of a container as the interface between the component and the low-level functionality that supports the component. Therefo

36、re, before an appl</p><p>　　J2EE promotes the development of multitier applications in which the web container hosts web components that are dedicated to handling a given application's presentation logic

37、, and responds to requests from the client (such as the web browser). The EJB container, on the other hand, hosts application components that respond to requests from the web tier as shown in Figure 1. </p><p&

38、gt;　　Figure 1: Multitier Applications </p><p>　　Applications that use this architecture are implicitly scalable. This architecture decouples the accessing of data from end-user interactions, and encourages c

39、omponent-based code reusability. At the web tier, J2EE promotes the use of JSPs for the creation of dynamic content for Web clients. </p><p>　　Custom Tags and J2EE</p><p>　　J2EE has a lot to off

40、er to Web application developers and the JSP custom tag developer. As you can see from Table 1 above, it has a rich set of standard APIs for sending email, accessing databases, parsing XML documents, and so on. Your Web

41、applications can benefit greatly from these APIs. For example, you can write a JSP custom tag for sending email that can be used easily by Web content developers who are not familiar with Java. If you are not familiar wi

42、th JSP custom tags, their benefits, and</p><p><b>　　外文資料譯文</b></p><p>　　Javaserverpages概況</p><p>　　Javaserverpages(jsp)技術，使Web開發(fā)人員和設計師可以快速開發(fā)和易于維護，利用現有的業(yè)務系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)網頁使信息豐富。 作為

43、在Java技術家族，JSP技術能夠迅速發(fā)展，基于網絡應用程序的獨立平臺。JSP技術隔離用戶界面內容的一代，使設計改變整個版面，而不改變基本的動態(tài)內容。</p><p><b>　　開發(fā)者的益處</b></p><p>　　如果你是一個網頁開發(fā)或設計師所熟悉的HTML，你可以:使用JSP技術，無須學習Java語言， 你可以使用jsp技術，而不學習如何寫javascrip

44、lets。雖然scriptlets不再需要產生一些動態(tài)內容，但仍支持以提供向后兼容性</p><p>　　擴展JSP語言： Java標簽庫開發(fā)商和設計師可以擴展JSP語言與“簡單taghandlers”，這些都是用一種新的,更簡單和清潔的標簽擴展API。 這促使越來越多的插件，再用標記庫可用，這反過來又減少了代碼需要，寫出強大的Web應用。 </p><p>　　易寫和維護頁面: 在Jav

45、aServerPages的標準標簽庫(純)語言表達現已并入JSP技術,并已支持升級功能?，F在可以用表達語言來代替scriptlet詞句。</p><p>　　JSP技術和Java Servlets</p><p>　　JSP技術使用XML式的標簽，產生概括的邏輯內容頁。應用邏輯可以存在于基于服務器資源(如JavaBeans組件結構) 取用這些標簽的頁面。</p><p&

46、gt;　　任何及所有格式化(HTML或XML)的標記直接傳遞回響應頁面。通過把頁面邏輯從它的設計陳列和支持重用的基于組件的設計中分離出來，JSP技術使得它更快，比以往更加容易地建立Web應用。</p><p>　　JavaServerPages的技術是一種擴展的JavaServlet技術。Servlets是具有的平臺獨立性的服務器端模塊，能夠很好的適合Web服務器架構，可以用來以最小的擴展、維護和支持一個網絡服務

47、器能力。不像其他的腳本語言，servlets涉及任何平臺的具體審議或修改；按要求并下載這些應用部件，該系統(tǒng)的一部分也需要它們。</p><p>　　JSP技術和servlets一起提供了一個有吸引力的替代其他類型的動態(tài)網頁腳本/編程。通過提出平臺的獨立性；增強性能；分離邏輯設計；易于管理；擴展進入企業(yè)；而最重要的是易用。 為建設交互式Web應用，今天servlets是一種流行的選擇。 第三方servlet容器對于

48、Apache服務器、MicrosoftIIS和其他服務器是一樣適用的。servlet容器通常是一個網絡和應用服務器的組成部分，如BEAweblogic應用服務器、IBM的websphere、太陽JavaSystemweb服務器、SunJava系統(tǒng)應用服務器等等。</p><p><b>　　行業(yè)背景</b></p><p>　　JSP的規(guī)格由SunMicrosyste

49、ms公司的全行業(yè)與產業(yè)界領袖企業(yè)和軟件開發(fā)工具市場的產品。SUN使得jsp規(guī)格免費提供給開發(fā)社區(qū)，其目標是每一個網絡服務器和應用服務器能支持JSP的接口。JSP頁面共享了Java技術"寫一次,到處運行"的優(yōu)勢 。JSP技術的一個關鍵組成部分是Sun的在Java2平臺企業(yè)版上的高擴展架構企業(yè)應用系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　JSP技術的Javaee5平臺 </p><p>

50、　　Javaee5的焦點是便于開發(fā)利用Java語言說明而推出的J2se5.0。Jsp2.1通過界定說明依賴加入Jsp tag handlers和背景的聽眾支持這一目標的。Javaee5規(guī)格另一主要關切的問題是已調整了其webtier技術，即Javaserverpages(Jsp)、JavaServerFaces(JSF)和JavaServerPages標準標簽庫(JSTL)。 這條路努力的結果一直是統(tǒng)一的表達語言(ＥＬ) ，它是語言表達

51、定義的JSP2.0和JSF 1.1的統(tǒng)一體。 統(tǒng)一的EL是主要的附加關鍵，調整工作有: 一個可插拔API為解決變量參照Java對象以及解決的性能來適用這些Java對象；支持延遲表達，這可能是評價一個tag handler時需要的，不像其表達式的同類，當一頁需要被執(zhí)行和放棄的時候立即評價；支持出現在一任務運作的左手方面的lvalue表達，當作為lvalue使用時，一架EL表達代表提到了一個數據結構，例如: 一個JavaBeans的財產，這

52、是一些用戶輸入。統(tǒng)一的新EL是指在自己的規(guī)范文件,即隨著jsp2.1規(guī)范發(fā)表。多虧了統(tǒng)一EL，JSTL tags,如JSTL</p><p>　　Javaservlet技術的概況</p><p>　　servlets是Java技術的選擇，以擴大和加強網絡服務器， servlets提供一個基于組件的平臺獨立的方法建立Web應用，沒有CGI程式的局限性的。不像專有服務器擴展機制(如netsca

53、pe服務器API或Apache模塊)，servlets服務器的平臺是獨立的。這使得您可以服務器、平臺和工具自由選擇"最佳品種"的策略。Servlets連接Java APIs家族，包括JDBC API連接企業(yè)數據庫。Servlets還可以進入HTTP-specific calls庫，并繼承所有成熟的JAVA語言好處， 包括可移植性、可操作性、可重用性、可維護性。為建設交互式Web應用，今天Servlets是一種流行的選

54、擇，而第三方Servlet容器可以和Apache、 MicrosoftIIS等服務器兼容。Servlet容器通常是網絡和應用服務器的一個組成部分，如BEAweblogic應用服務器、IBM的websphere、太陽JavaSystemweb服務器、SunJava系統(tǒng)應用服務器等等。你也許會搜索Java Server Pages(JSP)技術的最新資料。 其實，JSP技術是創(chuàng)造支持寫 H</p><p><b

55、>　　JavaBeans</b></p><p>　　Javabeans技術是Java2平臺標準版(J2SE)的建筑構件的。 組件(JavaBeans等)是一種基于JavaBeans規(guī)范技術的可重用的軟件項目，你可以通過容易的開發(fā)和組裝去創(chuàng)造復雜的應用。</p><p>　　The Bean Builder</p><p>　　The Bean B

56、uilder是一個應用組件裝配機制顯示視覺結構和應用的簡單組件。</p><p>　　JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF)</p><p>　　JAF能讓您利用標準的服務:決定任意片數據類型、獲取資訊、發(fā)現可供操作的資訊，并且通過適當的Bean實例來完成操作。Java2企業(yè)版(J2EE)是一種為開發(fā)和部署企業(yè)應用規(guī)定環(huán)境的標準。它降低了開發(fā)多層企業(yè)應用系

57、統(tǒng)的成本和復雜性，因為它提供了一個多層分布式應用模型。 換句話說，它可以繼承性的擴展，因此通過各種申請，它也可以運行在不同的裝置上。 </p><p>　　使用Java Server Pages(JSP)進行Web應用開發(fā)，可能需要一些互動的J2EE服務。 舉例來說，一個網上的庫存控制系統(tǒng)可能需要獲取J2EE的目錄服務獲取一個數據庫，或者你可以申請使用EnterpriseJavaBeans技術(EJB)。<

58、/p><p>　　這篇文章簡要介紹了J2EE技術，它顯示如何:</p><p>　　描述J2EE技術服務網絡部署 (web.xml)</p><p><b>　　參考j2ee服務</b></p><p>　　獲取和運用J2EE服務JSP</p><p><b>　　J2EE概況</b&

59、gt;</p><p>　　J2EE的一個用于開發(fā)和部署企業(yè)應用的標準平臺?；诮M件的J2EE架構使得開發(fā)企業(yè)應用更加容易，因為業(yè)務邏輯是組織可重用的組件，并且基本服務是由 J2EE以容器的形式為每一個部件種類提供的。可以假想成一個組件和低層功能性組件的接口容器，因此，在一個應用客戶組件能夠執(zhí)行前，它必須配置為J2EE的服務，并部署到其容器。</p><p>　　J2EE促進web容器主持

60、網組分致力處理一種特定應用的介紹邏輯，并且反應請求從客戶多層應用的發(fā)展(例如瀏覽器)。另一方面，EJB容器主持反應請求從web層如圖1所顯示的應用組分。</p><p><b>　　圖1 ： 多層應用</b></p><p>　　使用這建筑學的應用是可升級的。 這建筑學分離訪問數據從終端用戶互作用，并且鼓勵基于組分的代碼可再用性。 在web層， J2EE促進對JSPs

61、的用途為動態(tài)內容的創(chuàng)作為網絡客戶端。</p><p>　　Custom Tags and J2EE</p><p>　　J2EE有很多為Web應用程序開發(fā)商和JSP定制標記開發(fā)商提供。 您能從表1看上述，它有標準APIs充足的規(guī)定為送電子郵件，訪問的數據庫，解析XML文件，等等。 您的Web應用程序可能從這些APIs很大地有益于。 例如，您能為送可以由網絡內容開發(fā)商容易地使用不熟悉Java