裝載機(jī)國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀與市場(chǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)之分析外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　題目: 裝載機(jī)國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀與市場(chǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)之分析</p><p>　　專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)制造及其自動(dòng)化 </p><p>　　班 級(jí)： 機(jī) 升 111 班 </p><p>　　學(xué) 號(hào)：

2、110614121 </p><p>　　姓 名： 侯 家 奎 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師： 李 乃 坤 </p><p>　　Domestic Market Present Situation And The Development Of The Excava

3、ting Loader Analysis</p><p>　　The loader digger is so called “two favour”. Because it has special structure, loads device being the head and the equipment for the excavation behind. in the workplace , you ne

4、ed to turn the chair, completing the change from loader to the excavator loader digger is mainly used for the highway construction and protect of the city and village, the electric cable build, electric power and airport

5、 engineering, municipal services construction, farmland irrigation construction, village residence cons</p><p>　　FIRST: A CLASSIFICATION OF THE LOADERDIGGER</p><p>　　The loader digger is so call

6、ed “two favour” having two kinds of funcitions of lading and scooping out in the meantime. The classifications are as fallows</p><p>　　ONE: from the structure</p><p>　　According to the structure

7、, loader diggers have two kinds of forms: one is with oblique tones move frame, the dinging device can be moved with side, which is easy to work in the special place, the center of gravity is lower when it transports. It

8、 is advantageous to loading and transporting. The weakness is: because of the restriction of the structure, the ground jack usually adopts vertical leg. The supporting point is within the wheel edge, the distance of the

9、two supporting point is relatively</p><p>　　TWO: from the motive allotment</p><p>　　From the motive allotment, the loader digger has two kinds of forms: two-wheel(rear-wheel) to drive and four-w

10、heel(whole round)to drive. the former can’t make use of adherence to weight completely, making the adhesive strength of motorcycle and ground and the leading force are to descend, but the cost is much lower than the latt

11、er.</p><p>　　THREE：of the bedrock</p><p>　　From the bedrock, among the 3 kinds of common bedrocks used in the small scaled and multi-function engineering machine, the motive of the miniature loa

12、der digger is mostly below 20 KW, the height of the whole machine is 1000-3000Kg,adopting track-run structure, the speed dose not reach 5km/h usually used for the yardage processing of small scales, such as farm and park

13、…etc.</p><p>　　Because its model is partial to small, cost is higher is 30-60KW, the weight is relatively heave, about 5000-8000Kg, the scooping ability is strong, uses wheeled walks the structure, driven by

14、 the whole round, making use of the turn round driving axle or hinge joint, the car speed is higher, reaching to 20km/h, the abroad usually use it as assistance work for the yardage processing and large-scale fabricating

15、 yard of farm, capital construction, road maintainance…etc. this model’s shape is bigger</p><p>　　SECOND: local present condition and development trend of loader digger, local technique condition </p>

16、<p>　　At present in our country the enterprises producing the loader diggers are more than 10 hours, mainly is SHANDONG mechanical engineering, YANTAI mechanical engineering, LIAOLINGCHAOYANG mechanical engineerin

17、g, LIUZHOU mechanical engineering, XIAMEN mechanical engineering, XUZHOU mechanical engineering, etc.. Currently the product’s year yield is about 400pedestals.From the history of our small scaled and multi-function load

18、er digger, we can see that our machine has been dropping behind, its dev</p><p>　　The products produced by the following manufacturers are mainly representing the technique level of domestic loader digger.&l

19、t;/p><p>　?、賢he WZ30-25 loader digger of CHANGLIN: the engine system adopts comins turbine pressurization engine . the rated output is 63 kNs ,the tap accords with European standard .The turn round for standar

20、d truck(front axle)is non-driven swing axle, the bearings adopt imported pieces .Choose to use imported driving axle(back axle)kitted to loader digger. Having non-maintenance wet brake, which greatly raise the safety and

21、 the credibility of the truck belt difference speed padlock raises the draw bar p</p><p>　?、?the WZ25-20 of YANTAL Project Mechanical Limited liability company:WZ25-20 loader digger takes loading machine fo

22、r main part, with the head refitted to multi-purpose bucket, the back end added excavation device.. The 904WZ loader digger of one drag DONGFANG red is based on the LF90 tractor whose technique is brought from Italian Fi

23、at, with the corollary design of the agriculture engineering machine of various functions.</p><p>　　③The WZ30-25 if LIUZHOU Excavation car loader factory :The LIUZHOU Excavation car loader factory’s product

24、 of WZ30-25 loader digger and the WZ30-25 loader digger of LIUZHOU engineering machinery incorporated company , all are new products based on the CAT technique and combine with our craftsmanship. these two models all ado

25、pt special bedrock, adopt the technology of the load telesthesia control as the same as the CAT company .As these two models adopt variable system ,so they have higher reque</p><p>　?、?the LIUZHOU AOLIU mach

26、ine machinery incorporated company series of loader diggers of HACH995</p><p>　　Engine: provided with the sophisticated turbo pressurization diesel engine, the rated output reaches to 95horsepowers, reaching

27、 to the torsional force of 384 at the rotate speed of 1500ture/the minute. The core parts adopt the imported famous brand product in the world , the credibility is higher. All new external appearance is pleasing to eyes,

28、 the cab room is relatively large; the standard disposal of 4 in 1 bucket makes the machine have more multi-function and use. Various work enclosures can</p><p>　?、?The WZ30-25 of TAIANSHI loading machinery

29、incorporated company:</p><p>　　Motive system: This machine adopts the 4 B T 3.9-C 74 turbine pressurization engine, with the characteristics of tight structure ,great power, low oil consume, little noise ,wo

30、rk credibility and long life span etc. The hydraulic system: This machine adopts the original pump and manoeuvring valve of German LELISHI. The system adopts load telesthesia control technique, when the valve plug of the

31、 king valve is situated in meso position, the differential pressure that is produced by manoeuvring valv</p><p>　　The movable arm of the anti-spade equips adopts a big one, when the swing takes back, it is a

32、dvantageous to reduce the size of horizontal shape. While traveling ,the anti-spade device following a slippery way move to left or right ,with the pole and bucket putting away, then swinging to the rear frame of the tru

33、ck. Thus reducing the length size consumedly. When the whole machine is running and transferring ,raising the flexibility ,making the machine be able to transfer in the place of narrowne</p><p>　　The manoeu

34、vring system is mechanical monolever.Running system: it adopts the non-driving sure round front axle, the turn jug is double piston rod affect jug ;the rear axle is the transmission, adopting the bipole deceleration str

35、ucture .The Drive motor is equipped on the hull of the main decelerator, moved by spiral taper gear, the round-side decelerator is the planetary gear system, the stiffness of the whole structure is good ,output speed is

36、steady .Between the main decelerator and the effec</p><p>　　2: Domestic excavation car loader competition enterprise and domestic trend of development</p><p>　　At present the domestic excavation

37、 car loader competition enterprise and divides into:</p><p>　?、貳xport modeif :Sichuan road machine shop production multi-purpose project machinery 80﹪ above all for sale abroad, moreover the sale is continuo

38、usly very good moreover, Guilin Forestry machine shop produces the small marching excavation car loader specially, product major part exportation.</p><p>　?、贠verseas enters, the domestic assembly: If Shangha

39、i CASE series product. Overseas import domestic agent: if JCB 2CX/3CX/4CX; VOLVO LB60/BL71;CASE at present all have the proxy.</p><p>　?、跦ome production enterprise: the home production enterprise has10YuJi

40、a , Its product for low-grade excavation car loader. The price is: in 380,000yuan Therefore, excavates the car loader the home trend of development is the introduction overseas vanguard technology, develops high grade, m

41、ulti- purpose, the multi-varieties, the multi-specification excavation car loader series product, Enhancement foundation part production, enhances the excavation car loader hydraulic pressure part in particular </p>

42、;<p>　　3、domestic and foreign disparities and development request</p><p>　　Because our country’s excavation car loader mainly is the necessary reliability post-sale service, with overseas compares has

43、 the quite big disparity .Displays in:</p><p>　　The domestically produced exaction car loader mainly is the necessary reliability is inferior overseas. existence reliable question including: crude oil engine

44、 hydraulic pressure Hydraulic system cleanliness transmission part, electrical system and electric appliance part fastening technology and seal technology tire and work installment and so on The excavation car loader pro

45、duct performance difference, the reliability are low. Except recent years from overseas introduction some products the do</p><p>　　The loader product lacks the innovation and is in sole possession of the tec

46、hnology. Our country excavates the car loader the development work to lack the innovation, Not own unique technology .Is taking the technology to introduce, Not too takes to digest the absorption and key technologies gra

47、sping and the research Therefore, the domestic excavation car loader development should develop high grade, multi-purpose, the multi-varieties, the multi-specification series product and strengthens the f</p><

48、p>　　裝載機(jī)國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀與市場(chǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)之分析</p><p>　　挖掘裝載機(jī)俗稱(chēng)“兩頭忙”。因?yàn)樗哂歇?dú)特的構(gòu)造，前端是裝載裝置，后端為挖掘裝置。在工地內(nèi)，您只需要轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)一下座椅，即可完成從裝載機(jī)到挖掘機(jī)操作手角色的轉(zhuǎn)變。挖掘裝載機(jī)主要用于城市和農(nóng)村的公路建設(shè)及養(yǎng)護(hù)、電纜鋪設(shè)、電力和機(jī)場(chǎng)工程、市政建設(shè)、農(nóng)田水利建設(shè)、農(nóng)村住宅建設(shè)、開(kāi)山取石以及各種小型建筑隊(duì)所從事的個(gè)中建筑施工工程?！皟深^忙”屬于小型多功能工程機(jī)械的

49、一種，一般在大工程完成后的小工程中使用。</p><p><b>　　挖掘裝載機(jī)分類(lèi)</b></p><p>　　挖掘裝載機(jī)俗稱(chēng)“兩頭忙”，同時(shí)具備裝載、挖掘兩種功能。挖掘裝載機(jī)分類(lèi)如下：</p><p><b>　　1.結(jié)構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)分，挖掘裝載機(jī)有兩種形式：一種是帶

50、有側(cè)移架，另一種不帶側(cè)移架。前者的最大特點(diǎn)是挖掘工作裝置可以側(cè)移，便于在特殊場(chǎng)地作業(yè)，它在運(yùn)輸狀態(tài)時(shí)重心較低，有利于裝載和運(yùn)輸。缺點(diǎn)是：由于結(jié)構(gòu)上的限制，支腿多為支腿，支撐點(diǎn)在車(chē)輪邊緣以?xún)?nèi)，兩支撐點(diǎn)距離較小，挖掘是整機(jī)穩(wěn)定性差（特別是挖掘工作裝置側(cè)移到一側(cè)時(shí)）。這種形式的挖掘裝載機(jī)功能重點(diǎn)在裝載方面，在歐洲生產(chǎn)得較多，后者的挖掘工作裝置不能側(cè)移，整個(gè)挖掘工作裝置可通過(guò)回轉(zhuǎn)支承繞車(chē)架后部中心做180°回轉(zhuǎn)，支腿為蛙腿式支撐，支撐

51、點(diǎn)可伸到車(chē)輪外側(cè)偏后，挖掘時(shí)穩(wěn)定性好，有利于挖掘能力的提高。由于沒(méi)有側(cè)移架，整機(jī)造價(jià)相應(yīng)降低。缺點(diǎn)是收斗時(shí)鏟斗懸掛在車(chē)后部，外型尺寸長(zhǎng)，機(jī)車(chē)處于運(yùn)輸和裝載狀態(tài)時(shí)，穩(wěn)定差，對(duì)裝載和運(yùn)輸有一定影響，此種機(jī)型功能重點(diǎn)在挖掘方面，以美國(guó)生產(chǎn)居多。</p><p><b>　　2.動(dòng)力分配</b></p><p>　　從動(dòng)力分配上來(lái)分，挖掘裝載機(jī)有兩輪（后輪）驅(qū)動(dòng)和四輪（全輪）

52、驅(qū)動(dòng)兩種形式。前者不能完全利用附著重量，使機(jī)車(chē)與地面的附著力以及牽引力比后者下降，但造價(jià)比后者低得多。</p><p><b>　　3.底盤(pán)</b></p><p>　　底盤(pán)上來(lái)分：小型多功能工程機(jī)械常用的三種底盤(pán)中，微型挖掘機(jī)的動(dòng)力大多在20kw以下，整機(jī)重量1000～3000㎏、采用履帶行走機(jī)構(gòu)，行走速度不足5km/h,多用于農(nóng)場(chǎng)、園林等小規(guī)模的土方作業(yè)。由于其機(jī)

53、型偏小，造價(jià)較高，目前在國(guó) 內(nèi)尚難以普及：挖掘裝載機(jī)的動(dòng)力多在30-60kw機(jī)重較大，重量約在5000-8000㎏之間，挖掘能力較強(qiáng)，多采用輪式行走機(jī)構(gòu)，全輪驅(qū)動(dòng)，利用轉(zhuǎn)向驅(qū)動(dòng)橋或絞接轉(zhuǎn)向，車(chē)速較高，達(dá)20km/h以上，國(guó)外大量用于農(nóng)場(chǎng)、基建、道路維修等工程的土方作業(yè)和大型施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的輔助性作業(yè)。該機(jī)型外形較大，靈活性較差，一般難以適應(yīng)狹小場(chǎng)地的作業(yè)。</p><p>　　二、挖掘裝載機(jī)的國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)<

54、/p><p><b>　　1.國(guó)內(nèi)技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀</b></p><p>　　目前我國(guó)挖掘裝載機(jī)的生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有10余家，主要是山工、煙工、遼寧朝陽(yáng)、柳工、廈工、常林、北建、徐工等。目前該產(chǎn)品年產(chǎn)量大約在400太左右。從我國(guó)小型多功能挖裝機(jī)械從無(wú)到有的發(fā)展歷史看，我國(guó)挖掘裝載機(jī)一直處于較為落后的狀態(tài)，其發(fā)展速度緩慢。我國(guó)在上世紀(jì)70年代初才開(kāi)始自行開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)，首先由北京建筑機(jī)械廠(chǎng)研制

55、成功WZ2A和WZ2B型液壓挖掘裝載機(jī)，1987年煙臺(tái)工程機(jī)械廠(chǎng)試制成功ZL15WJ型挖掘裝載機(jī)。之后福建建筑機(jī)械廠(chǎng)、一拖、山東廣饒液壓機(jī)械廠(chǎng)先后研制出WZ25型、DFH-904WZ型、T55Z/W型挖掘裝載機(jī)，到1992年柳州挖掘裝載機(jī)廠(chǎng)、柳州工程機(jī)械股份有限公司分別研制出WZ30-25型和WZ25-20型挖掘裝載機(jī)。山東工程機(jī)械廠(chǎng)2001年7月成功研制出WZ30-25型挖掘裝載機(jī)。</p><p>　　以下幾

56、家生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品基本上代表了目前國(guó)內(nèi)挖掘裝載機(jī)的技術(shù)水平：</p><p>　　1.常林的WZ30-25挖掘裝載機(jī)：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)系統(tǒng)選用康明斯渦輪增壓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，額定功率63kw，排放符合歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)車(chē)轉(zhuǎn)向橋（前橋）為非驅(qū)動(dòng)擺動(dòng)橋，軸承采用進(jìn)口件。選用進(jìn)口專(zhuān)為挖掘裝載機(jī)配套的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋（后橋）。帶有免維護(hù)的濕式制動(dòng)器，大大提高了行車(chē)的安全性和可靠性。帶差速鎖，提高了整車(chē)的牽引性能。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)車(chē)為兩輪驅(qū)動(dòng)，可根據(jù)用戶(hù)需要配備四輪驅(qū)動(dòng)。液

57、壓系統(tǒng)采用高效齒輪單泵系統(tǒng)，主要部件如泵、多路閥、轉(zhuǎn)向器全部選用國(guó)外知名公司產(chǎn)品。</p><p>　　2.煙臺(tái)工程機(jī)械廠(chǎng)生產(chǎn)WZ25-20型：WZ25-20型挖掘裝載機(jī)是以裝載機(jī)為主本，前端改裝多用途鏟斗、后端加挖掘裝置而成。一拖的東方紅904WZ型挖掘裝載機(jī)是在引進(jìn)意大利菲亞特技術(shù)制造LF90型拖拉機(jī)基礎(chǔ)上。配套設(shè)計(jì)的具有前裝載、后挖掘等多種功能的農(nóng)業(yè)工程機(jī)械。</p><p>　　3

58、.柳州挖掘裝載機(jī)廠(chǎng)WZ30-25型：柳州挖掘裝載機(jī)廠(chǎng)生產(chǎn)的WZ30-25型</p><p>　　挖掘裝載機(jī)及柳州工程機(jī)械股份有限公司研制的WZ30-20型挖掘裝載機(jī)，均是在消化吸收CAT挖掘裝載機(jī)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合我國(guó)的工藝特點(diǎn)研制而成的新產(chǎn)品，這兩款新產(chǎn)品均采用專(zhuān)用底盤(pán)，采用了與CAT公司相同的負(fù)荷傳感控制技術(shù)。由于這兩款機(jī)型采用的是變量系統(tǒng)，因此對(duì)系統(tǒng)的清潔度及元件的可靠性要求較高。</p>&l

59、t;p>　　4.柳州澳柳機(jī)械有限公司HACH995E 系列挖掘裝載機(jī)：</p><p>　　發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)：配備先進(jìn)的渦輪增壓柴油發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，額定功率達(dá)到95匹馬力，在1500轉(zhuǎn)/分鐘的轉(zhuǎn)速下達(dá)到384牛米的扭矩，核心關(guān)鍵部件采用進(jìn)口的世界名牌產(chǎn)品，可靠性更高。全新的外觀(guān)造型美觀(guān)大方，駕駛室空間更大；四合一鏟斗的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置，使機(jī)器具有更多的功能與用途。多種工作附件可以選配，勝任更多工作；采用挖掘裝載機(jī)專(zhuān)用車(chē)架。駕駛室是獨(dú)

60、立可靠更換的，通過(guò)5個(gè)減震裝置與車(chē)架連接。液壓油箱、燃油箱也是獨(dú)立可更換、并且是低位布置，利用降低機(jī)器重心，提高穩(wěn)定性，而且適合站在地上進(jìn)行油料加注和檢修。同時(shí)它們也成為登車(chē)階梯的部分，方便操作者出入。</p><p>　　2.泰安市裝載機(jī)械廠(chǎng)WZ25-20型：</p><p>　　動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)：該機(jī)采用康明斯4BT3.9-C74型渦輪增壓發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、功率大、油耗低、噪聲小、工作可靠

61、、壽命長(zhǎng)等特點(diǎn)。低溫啟動(dòng)性能好，特別適合北方地區(qū)。</p><p>　　液壓系統(tǒng)：該機(jī)采用了原裝德國(guó)力士樂(lè)的泵和操縱閥。系統(tǒng)采用負(fù)荷傳感控制技術(shù)，當(dāng)主閥閥芯處于中位時(shí)，通過(guò)操縱閥產(chǎn)生的壓差信號(hào)反饋給變量泵，從而自動(dòng)減少泵的排量，使流量近似為零；此時(shí)，泵的壓力達(dá)到條件22MPa以保證側(cè)移架壓緊缸所需壓力。剛工作時(shí)，泵根據(jù)操縱閥閥芯的開(kāi)口大小提供需要的流量，避免了傳統(tǒng)液壓系統(tǒng)靠溢流閥控制溢流的方式，最大限度地減少了液

62、壓功率空流損失和系統(tǒng)發(fā)熱。</p><p>　　工作裝置：反鏟裝置為帶側(cè)移架結(jié)構(gòu)，通過(guò)4只壓緊缸和后車(chē)架固定。反鏟裝置可以沿滑道側(cè)移，擴(kuò)大了作業(yè)范圍。反鏟裝置的動(dòng)臂采用大彎度動(dòng)臂，擺動(dòng)收回時(shí)有利于減少外形尺寸。當(dāng)行走時(shí)反鏟裝置沿滑道側(cè)移到左右任意一個(gè)，斗桿和鏟斗收起，然后擺動(dòng)收回到后車(chē)架端。這樣大大減少了整機(jī)在行進(jìn)和轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)的長(zhǎng)度尺寸，提高了機(jī)動(dòng)性，使得機(jī)器可以在狹小的轉(zhuǎn)移和作業(yè)；整機(jī)重心分布也更合理，有利于機(jī)器的

63、穩(wěn)定性。反鏟裝置操作機(jī)構(gòu)為機(jī)械式連桿操縱，操縱靈活方便。裝載裝置采用Z型反轉(zhuǎn)雙搖臂連桿機(jī)構(gòu)，具有卸載高度大、卸載距離大、掘起力大、能自動(dòng)放平等特點(diǎn)；采用沖壓箱型提升臂，減輕了重量，提高了剛度和承載能力。操縱機(jī)構(gòu)為機(jī)械單手柄。</p><p>　　行走系統(tǒng)：采用無(wú)驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向前橋，轉(zhuǎn)向缸為雙活塞塞桿雙作用缸；后橋?yàn)轵?qū)動(dòng)橋，采用了；兩級(jí)減速傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)。驅(qū)動(dòng)馬達(dá)安裝于主減速器殼體上，采用螺旋錐齒傳動(dòng)，輪邊減速器為行星輪傳動(dòng)機(jī)

64、構(gòu)，整體結(jié)構(gòu)剛性好，輸出速度平穩(wěn)。在主減速器和輪邊減速器之間，采用全浮式半軸連接傳動(dòng)，克服了橋殼在工作變形過(guò)程中對(duì)半軸傳動(dòng)的影響。行走系統(tǒng)采用了靜液壓傳動(dòng)。車(chē)架采用整體焊接式結(jié)構(gòu)，具有剛性好，強(qiáng)度高的特點(diǎn)。支腿為H型直腿，和車(chē)架連為一體，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的制動(dòng)采用液壓鉗盤(pán)式，液壓操縱具有制動(dòng)快速可靠的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。駐車(chē)制動(dòng)為鼓式中央制動(dòng)，機(jī)械式操縱。駕駛室反鏟端為整體大窗口內(nèi)翻式結(jié)構(gòu)，有利于通風(fēng)和開(kāi)闊視野、方便操作。后驅(qū)動(dòng)輪采用的直徑低壓輪胎，在行走過(guò)程

65、中可以緩沖震動(dòng)和緩沖車(chē)輛顛簸，提高駕駛員的乘坐舒適性。由于我國(guó)的挖掘裝載機(jī)起步晚，不論在產(chǎn)品品種、性能參數(shù)以及可靠性、售后服務(wù)等方面，與外國(guó)相比均存在著相當(dāng)大的差距。</p><p>　　2.國(guó)內(nèi)的挖掘裝載機(jī)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)與國(guó)內(nèi)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　目前國(guó)內(nèi)的挖掘裝載機(jī)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)企業(yè)分為：</p><p>　　（1）出口型：如四川公路機(jī)械廠(chǎng)生產(chǎn)的多功能工程機(jī)械80以上

66、都外銷(xiāo)，而且銷(xiāo)路一直都很好，另外，桂林林業(yè)機(jī)械廠(chǎng)專(zhuān)門(mén)生產(chǎn)小型履帶式挖掘裝載機(jī)，產(chǎn)品絕大部分出口。</p><p>　?。?）國(guó)外進(jìn)件、國(guó)內(nèi)組裝型：如上海的CASE的580/590系列產(chǎn)品。國(guó)外進(jìn)口、國(guó)內(nèi)代理型：如JCB的2CX/3CX/4CX；VOLVO的BL60/BL71；CASE的580/590等目前都有代理。</p><p>　?。?）國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)：國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有十余家，其產(chǎn)品為低檔

67、的挖掘裝載機(jī)。價(jià)格為：38萬(wàn)元以?xún)?nèi)。因此，挖掘裝載機(jī)的國(guó)內(nèi)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)是引進(jìn)國(guó)外的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，開(kāi)發(fā)高質(zhì)量、多功能、多品種、多規(guī)格的挖掘挖裝載機(jī)系列產(chǎn)品，加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)元件、部件的生產(chǎn)，尤其是提高挖掘裝載機(jī)液壓元件的質(zhì)量，以達(dá)到在滿(mǎn)足產(chǎn)品可靠性的前提下，降低挖掘裝載機(jī)產(chǎn)品成本，并提高挖掘裝載機(jī)產(chǎn)品的售后服務(wù)水平。</p><p>　　3.國(guó)內(nèi)外差距與開(kāi)發(fā)要求</p><p>　　由于我國(guó)的挖掘裝載機(jī)的

68、起步晚，不論在產(chǎn)品品種、性能參數(shù)以及使用可靠性、售后服務(wù)等方面，與國(guó)外相比均存在相當(dāng)大的差距。表現(xiàn)在：國(guó)產(chǎn)的挖掘裝載機(jī)的主要配件可靠性不如國(guó)外。存在可靠性的問(wèn)題有：柴油機(jī)、液壓元件、液壓系統(tǒng)清潔度、傳動(dòng)元件、電氣系統(tǒng)電器元件、緊固技術(shù)、密封技術(shù)、輪胎及作業(yè)裝置等。挖掘裝載機(jī)產(chǎn)品性能差、可靠性低。除了近年從國(guó)外引進(jìn)的一些產(chǎn)品，國(guó)內(nèi)的部分挖掘裝載機(jī)產(chǎn)品的性能還在國(guó)際20世紀(jì)九十年代水平，早期故障率較高，還不能完全滿(mǎn)足修筑公路的要求。挖掘裝載

69、機(jī)基礎(chǔ)部件質(zhì)量較差、配套件質(zhì)量不夠硬。目前，國(guó)產(chǎn)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)及液壓系統(tǒng)的缸、泵、閥等質(zhì)量已成為制約挖掘裝載機(jī)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的“瓶頸”。</p><p>　　挖掘裝載機(jī)品種少、成套性差、型號(hào)不全，部分產(chǎn)品沒(méi)有形成系列。我國(guó)的挖掘裝載機(jī)不論在品種上和機(jī)型上都還存在著相當(dāng)多的空白。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)有的挖掘裝載機(jī)產(chǎn)品缺少創(chuàng)新性和獨(dú)有技術(shù)。我國(guó)的挖掘裝載機(jī)的開(kāi)發(fā)工作缺乏創(chuàng)新性，沒(méi)有自己獨(dú)特的技術(shù)。在重視