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1、<p>  本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯原文</p><p>  外文題目:Comparison of the Convertible Bond Market Development in China and Europe and the Enlightenment</p><p>  出 處: <<美中經(jīng)濟(jì)評(píng)論: 英文版>> 2004年 第9期 &

2、lt;/p><p>  作 者:Shengchun Zhu </p><p><b>  原 文:</b></p><p>  Comparison of the Convertible Bond Market Developmen

3、t</p><p>  in China and Europe and the Enlightenment</p><p>  Shengchun Zhu</p><p>  Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology</p><p><b>  ABSTRACT

4、</b></p><p>  As a financing tool with the characteristics of debt, stock, and option, convertible bonds have achieved a great development in Europe. China’s convertible bonds market faces a series of

5、problems, including public issuing, policy support for traditional industries, absence of short mechanism, and convergence of product design. China must summarize experiences from European market, apply support policies,

6、 and build a convertible market with sustainable development by means of perfecting the credi</p><p>  Keywords: Convertible bond, Product innovation, Credit grading, Policy support</p><p>  Con

7、vertible corporate bond, namely convertible bond for short, is issued in form of bond by legal procedures, and can be converted into stock under certain conditions. As one of main financial tools in world capital market,

8、 convertible bond has already gained fast development in USA and Japan. Chinese and European enterprises have started to use this financial tool since 90s in 20th century. Therefore, to summarize and compare the developm

9、ent of convertible bond in China and Europe is meaningful</p><p>  1. Compare the development of convertible bond market in China and Europe</p><p>  Europe is always one of main bond market in

10、the world. Compared with USA and Japan, European investors emphasize on stable return. The coupon rate of convertible bond is lower than that of other bonds, which stops its development in Europe in a sense. Till early 8

11、0s in 20th century, American and Japanese enterprises begin to realize financing by issuing convertible bond in European bond market. Afterwards, England enterprises start this financing channel. But enterprises in Europ

12、e and China begi</p><p>  China’s capital market starts too late. Its development is no more than 20 years. In China, the capital market is a product of financial innovation. But convertible bond almost acco

13、mpanies and victims the growth of A share market. In 1992,Shenzhen Baoan Group issues the first A-share convertible bond, which signalizes the birth of convertible bond in China. In 1993, China Textile Machinery and CSG

14、holding were formally approved to issue convertible bonds in foreign countries, which is the fist o</p><p>  As a combination of common bond and call option, convertible bond has the characteristics of stock

15、, bond, and option.For investors who hate risks but desire for interests from stocks, convertible bond is an attracting choice. For China’s listed companies, convertible bond supplies a re-financing way. Therefore, conve

16、rtible bond has a wide development space in China. According to statistical data from WIND, till March 31st, 2009, China issues 61 convertible bonds. 44 of them have already exit fro</p><p>  2. Main problem

17、s in China’s convertible bond market</p><p>  2.1 Convertible is issued by public offering, which stops the expansion of market space.</p><p>  At present, the issue of convertible bond in China

18、 is carried out by public offering. From the corporate board and shareholders conference, to media institutions, to various preparations, to final approval by China Securities Regulatory Commission, the issue of converti

19、ble bond needs at least one year. It is time consuming on one hand. On the other hand, it may affect the effectiveness of some convertible bond items designed by enterprises in application. What’s more important, the fin

20、ancing onl</p><p>  2.2 Conditions for issue are good for traditional industry enterprises but not for new economy growth.</p><p>  Foreign experiences prove that an enterprise has two motives f

21、or issuing convertible bonds, namely low-rate financing and postponing-equity-premium financing. Therefore, convertible bond is right for small growing enterprises that have increasing demand for financing but the higher

22、 risks restrict the scale. So, the active enterprises in European convertible bond market are from fast-developed and newly-appeared industries, such as electric communication, science & technology, medicine, biologi

23、ca</p><p>  2.3 Absence of a short mechanism makes institutional investors fail to carry out the arbitrage statistic.</p><p>  Convertible bond has the characteristics of bond and stock. Convert

24、ing the option makes the market to overrate the expected issue price of stock and has the possibility of obtaining premium. Therefore, investors can get relatively stable interests and also return from dynamic trade by a

25、rbitrary. And risks are lower. However, there is not a short mechanism in China. The unilateral holding decreases the attraction of convertible bond for investors, especially institutional investors.</p><p>

26、  2.4 Domestic convertible bond products are designed similarly, lacking of innovation.</p><p>  At present, the type of convertible bond is few in China’s convertible bond market, only common convertible bo

27、nd with interests and convertible bond by separate transaction. The design mode is similar. In recent years, the interest rate is close to 0.8%. And the premium from converting into stocks fluctuates heavily along with t

28、he stock market. In Europe and other oversea market, the premium can reach 15% and 30%, mostly between 20% and 25%. Besides, domestic convertible bond is usually supporte</p><p>  From relevant experiences i

29、n the world, in order to satisfy different investors’ needs, the world market, including European market, makes continuous innovations. It covers many types, such as zero-interest convertible bond, common convertible bon

30、d (high-interest or high premium, premium re-purchase, and multiple purchases), pre-sell convertible bond before listing, convertible bond with priority, and compulsory convertible bond. Although the convertible bond wit

31、h interests is still the main bod</p><p>  3. Prospect for China’s convertible bond market development</p><p>  All listed companies in China, no matter they are state-owned or not, are restrict

32、ed in budgeting. They have a strong desire for financing. In China’s capital market, because the convertible bond is regarded as a “financing related with equity”, it wins welcome of listed companies. Compared with other

33、 financing methods, it has more merits. Firstly, the pressure for excellent performance is small. To issue convertible bond gives a cushioning period for the rise of stock price. It can release the </p><p> 

34、 3.1 Perfect the credit grading system and insure information transparency</p><p>  Convertible bond belongs to the scope of derivative securities. Its pricing and issuing are very complex. Because issuers a

35、nd securities dealers always take the financing as the priority in designing conversion conditions, investors must firstly evaluate a project’s interests and risks completely, such as risks of rates, re-purchase risk, de

36、cline of stock price, and failure in conversion. According to successful world experiences, American, European, and Japanese markets evaluate the credit of e</p><p>  3.2 Loose the market entrance conditions

37、 and encourage growing enterprises to issue convertible bonds</p><p>  China has ever regulated strict restraints on enterprises issuing convertible bond. Taking the net assets and other financial indexes as

38、 the issue standards is too simple. Policies mainly support large enterprises at the mature stage in traditional industries. It seldom considers the project. The management level should focus on examining the project ins

39、tead of the issue enterprise. It is better to support the highly-growing enterprises instead of large enterprises,improving domestic enterprises</p><p>  3.3 Encourage innovation of product design and issue

40、way</p><p>  Domestic convertible bond market has developed for more than one decade. Conditions for issuing different types of convertible bonds are mature. The state should encourage issue enterprises to p

41、roduce new convertible bond with different features by changing specific articles based on common convertible bond, and gives it priority of approval.Firstly, prolong the issue term of convertible bond gradually. In Chin

42、a, the shortest term of convertible bond is three years, and the longest is five years</p><p><b>  譯 文:</b></p><p>  比較可換股債券在中國(guó)和歐洲的啟蒙</p><p><b>  朱盛春</b><

43、/p><p><b>  哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)</b></p><p><b>  摘要</b></p><p>  作為一個(gè)有債券,股票和期權(quán)特點(diǎn)的融資工具,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券在歐洲取得了很大的發(fā)展。中國(guó)的可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng)面臨著一系列問題,包括公開發(fā)行,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的支持,做空機(jī)制的情況下,產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和銜接。中國(guó)從歐洲市場(chǎng)要總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn),運(yùn)用扶

44、持政策,并建立一個(gè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的可兌換市場(chǎng)的完善的信用評(píng)級(jí)制度是指,釋放市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入限制,鼓勵(lì)在產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)和發(fā)行方式的創(chuàng)新。</p><p>  關(guān)鍵詞:可轉(zhuǎn)換債券,產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新,信用評(píng)級(jí),政策支持;</p><p>  可轉(zhuǎn)換公司債券,即短期可轉(zhuǎn)換債券,是發(fā)行債券的形式通過法定程序,可以轉(zhuǎn)換成股票在一定的條件。作為在世界資本市場(chǎng)的主要金融工具之一,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券已經(jīng)獲得了在美國(guó)和日本的快速發(fā)展。中國(guó)和歐

45、洲企業(yè)已經(jīng)開始使用,因?yàn)檫@在20世紀(jì)90年代的金融工具。因此,要總結(jié)和比較,在中國(guó)和歐洲可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的發(fā)展是在實(shí)踐意義。</p><p>  1.比較中國(guó)和歐洲可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展</p><p>  在比較中國(guó)和歐洲的歐洲可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展一直是世界主要債券市場(chǎng)之一。與美國(guó)和日本相比,歐洲投資者強(qiáng)調(diào)穩(wěn)定的回報(bào)??蓳Q股債券的票面息率較其他債券,這在一定意義上停止其在歐洲的發(fā)展為低。直到20

46、世紀(jì)80年代初,美國(guó)和日本企業(yè)開始認(rèn)識(shí)到通過發(fā)行歐洲債券市場(chǎng)可轉(zhuǎn)換債券融資。隨后,英國(guó)企業(yè)開始這種融資渠道。但是在歐洲和中國(guó)的企業(yè)開始使用20世紀(jì)90年代作為一種融資工具,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券。多特蒙德性社團(tuán)組織的問題,第一次39萬,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券,在歐洲的先驅(qū)可換股債券融資。歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的深化,使可換股債券在歐盟市場(chǎng)流通。可換股債券發(fā)行人可以在很短的時(shí)期,這帶動(dòng)了歐洲的繁榮相當(dāng)大的資金可換股債券。 1997年,在歐洲可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的市場(chǎng)規(guī)模為65.6

47、億美元,為16%,占全球市場(chǎng)份額。 1999年,規(guī)模達(dá)到一千二百四十〇億美元,為全球市場(chǎng)份額的26.22%,占。 2000年,這一比例達(dá)到31%。歐洲可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng)成為世界第二。作為一個(gè)在世界上最自由的金融市場(chǎng),歐洲已經(jīng)成為一種最重要的可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng)在世界上,沒有什么它是由新的債券發(fā)行量,市場(chǎng)深度,或?qū)I(yè)化程度進(jìn)行評(píng)估的問題。歐洲可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng)主要集中在法國(guó),德國(guó)和</p><p>  中國(guó)的資本市場(chǎng)開始為時(shí)已晚

48、。它的發(fā)展是不超過20年。在中國(guó),資本市場(chǎng)是一個(gè)金融創(chuàng)新產(chǎn)品。但是,幾乎伴隨著可換股債券和受害者的A股市場(chǎng)的增長(zhǎng)。 1992年,深圳寶安集團(tuán)發(fā)出的第一個(gè)A股可轉(zhuǎn)換債券,這在中國(guó)發(fā)信號(hào)可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的誕生。 1993年,中國(guó)紡織機(jī)械和南玻集團(tuán)被正式批準(zhǔn)在國(guó)外發(fā)行,它是連接中國(guó)與B股,外資一起拳頭可換股債券。截至目前,中國(guó)的可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的試點(diǎn)經(jīng)驗(yàn)階段(1992-2001年)中,經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)后重新起步階段(2001-2002年),和快速增長(zhǎng)階段(2003

49、年至今)。通過分析其演變,我們知道,可換股債券,密切與中國(guó)的政策和法規(guī)聯(lián)營(yíng)繁榮。 4月28日,2001年,中國(guó)證券監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)公布的實(shí)施辦法上市公司發(fā)行可換股債券,后來問題的上市公司可轉(zhuǎn)換債券發(fā)行公告,失去可換股債券問題上的政策限制。此后,發(fā)行可換股債券生長(zhǎng)速度快,成為最重要的再融資工具,在國(guó)內(nèi)資本市場(chǎng)轉(zhuǎn)。</p><p>  作為一個(gè)普通債券和看漲期權(quán)的組合,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券具有股票,債券的特點(diǎn),投資者從股票恨誰的

50、利益風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但愿望,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券是一個(gè)吸引的選擇。對(duì)于中國(guó)的上市公司,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券提供了再融資方式。因此,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券在中國(guó)具有廣闊的發(fā)展空間。據(jù)來自風(fēng)能,統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)至2009年3月31日,中國(guó)61個(gè)問題可換股債券。其中有44個(gè)已退出市場(chǎng)。只有17可換股債券在市場(chǎng)上仍然流通。該等可換股債券收集1144.37億人民幣。今年初以來,隨著流動(dòng)性擴(kuò)張和政策支持,市場(chǎng)反彈強(qiáng)勁。由A股上漲的帶動(dòng)下,可換股債券市場(chǎng)上升快。持有人的任意活動(dòng)使可自由兌換的市場(chǎng)存量

51、明顯下降??蓳Q股債券可換股短會(huì)導(dǎo)致債券價(jià)格上升。據(jù)預(yù)測(cè),可換股債券將被允許在今年再次發(fā)行。</p><p>  2.在中國(guó)的可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng)的主要問題</p><p>  2.1敞篷對(duì)外發(fā)布的產(chǎn)品,該產(chǎn)品將停止擴(kuò)張的市場(chǎng)空間。</p><p>  目前,中國(guó)可轉(zhuǎn)換債券問題進(jìn)行了公開招股。從公司董事會(huì)和股東大會(huì),傳媒機(jī)構(gòu),各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備工作,由中國(guó)證券監(jiān)督管理委員會(huì)的最后批準(zhǔn)

52、,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券發(fā)行至少需要一年?,F(xiàn)在是一方面消耗。另一方面,它可能會(huì)影響某些可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目中應(yīng)用企業(yè)效益。什么是更重要的是,只有通過公開發(fā)行融資,但沒有排除大多數(shù)非公開發(fā)行上市公司,特別是快速成長(zhǎng)的企業(yè),這是不可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng)發(fā)展良好。國(guó)外一般都采取公開和非公開發(fā)行。發(fā)行人可根據(jù)自身?xiàng)l件做出選擇,這將有利于企業(yè)的商業(yè)運(yùn)作和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。</p><p>  2.2股條件良好的傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)企業(yè),但不適用于新的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。&

53、lt;/p><p>  國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明,一個(gè)企業(yè)有兩個(gè)發(fā)行可轉(zhuǎn)換債券,即低利率的融資和推遲,股票溢價(jià)融資的動(dòng)機(jī)。因此,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券是適合小型成長(zhǎng)型企業(yè)有融資需求不斷增加的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高,但規(guī)模限制。因此,在歐洲可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的市場(chǎng)活動(dòng)的企業(yè)是來自快速發(fā)展和新興產(chǎn)業(yè),如看來電力通信,科技,醫(yī)藥,生物科學(xué)與技術(shù),財(cái)務(wù),媒體和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。規(guī)則的規(guī)范,受中國(guó)企業(yè)可轉(zhuǎn)換債券發(fā)行,有效益,近三年的平均凈資產(chǎn)利潤(rùn)率應(yīng)在10%以上的上市公司為主。因此

54、,中國(guó)企業(yè)發(fā)行可轉(zhuǎn)換債券,主要是從傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)如鋼鐵,機(jī)械,電機(jī)和基本建設(shè)。更多的中小型企業(yè),快速成長(zhǎng)的科技型企業(yè),非上市公司發(fā)行可轉(zhuǎn)換債券沒有機(jī)會(huì)。這項(xiàng)政策不僅鼓勵(lì)優(yōu)秀企業(yè)發(fā)行可轉(zhuǎn)換債券,并設(shè)置非上市公司和微利企業(yè),這是不負(fù)責(zé)的可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展和貿(mào)易規(guī)模擴(kuò)大好嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定。它甚至傷害了經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整。</p><p>  2.3短機(jī)制的情況下,使機(jī)構(gòu)投資者無法進(jìn)行套利的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)。</p&

55、gt;<p>  可轉(zhuǎn)換債券具有債券和股票的特點(diǎn)。轉(zhuǎn)換的選項(xiàng)使得市場(chǎng)預(yù)期過高估計(jì)的股票發(fā)行價(jià),并已獲取溢價(jià)的可能性。因此,投資者可以得到相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的利益,也返回了任意充滿活力的貿(mào)易。和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較低。然而,沒有一個(gè)在中國(guó)做空機(jī)制。控股單方面降低了可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的投資者,特別是機(jī)構(gòu)投資者的吸引力。國(guó)內(nèi)可轉(zhuǎn)換債券</p><p>  2.4產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)同樣,缺乏創(chuàng)新。</p><p>  目前

56、,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的類型是在中國(guó)的可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的市場(chǎng),只有共同的利益和相互獨(dú)立的交易可轉(zhuǎn)換債券可轉(zhuǎn)換債券等等。設(shè)計(jì)模式是相似的。近年來,利率接近0.8%。并從轉(zhuǎn)換為股票的溢價(jià)波動(dòng),隨著大量的股票的市場(chǎng)。在歐洲及其他海外市場(chǎng),保費(fèi)可達(dá)到15%和30%,大部分在20%和25%。此外,國(guó)內(nèi)可轉(zhuǎn)換債券通常是支持無限向下修正條款。規(guī)則的規(guī)范,由于股票發(fā)行價(jià)格是按一定的比例比(通常為80%左右)轉(zhuǎn)換價(jià)格低,企業(yè)可以調(diào)整轉(zhuǎn)換價(jià)格無限制。因此,企業(yè)管理者可以調(diào)

57、整轉(zhuǎn)換價(jià)格,如果必要的。它不能保護(hù)中小股東,與現(xiàn)行法律和規(guī)章的沖突。</p><p>  從世界相關(guān)的經(jīng)驗(yàn),以滿足不同投資者的需求,世界市場(chǎng),包括歐洲市場(chǎng),使不斷創(chuàng)新。它包括諸如零利率種類很多,可轉(zhuǎn)換債券,普通可換股債券(高息或高地價(jià),地價(jià)再購(gòu)買,多次購(gòu)買),預(yù)售上市前,優(yōu)先可轉(zhuǎn)換債券可轉(zhuǎn)換債券,可轉(zhuǎn)換和強(qiáng)制債券。雖然與利益可換股債券仍然是主體,零息可換股債券上升較快,市場(chǎng)份額為21.8%,占可換股債券市場(chǎng)。在設(shè)

58、計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)化的條件,也沒有特別復(fù)雜的轉(zhuǎn)換價(jià)格修正的文章。調(diào)整后的轉(zhuǎn)換價(jià)格應(yīng)不低于80%的股票的初始價(jià)格。限制和調(diào)整,是在一定的時(shí)間。一方面,它保護(hù)了原有股東的利益。另一方面,它可以幫助評(píng)估可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的價(jià)格。此外,采用傳統(tǒng)的可換股債券為基準(zhǔn)單個(gè)股票?,F(xiàn)在越來越多的需要為基礎(chǔ)的股票價(jià)格??赊D(zhuǎn)換債券不僅是一個(gè)融資工具。通過使用任意模型,它具有控制風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的功能。</p><p>  3.為中國(guó)的可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展前景.<

59、/p><p>  中國(guó)所有上市公司,無論是國(guó)有或沒有,在預(yù)算限制。他們有一個(gè)融資的強(qiáng)烈愿望。在中國(guó)的資本市場(chǎng),因?yàn)榭蓳Q股債券是作為一個(gè)“與股票相關(guān)的融資”認(rèn)為,它贏得了上市公司的歡迎。與其他融資方式相比,它具有更多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。首先,優(yōu)秀業(yè)績(jī)壓力較小。發(fā)行可轉(zhuǎn)換債券給出了對(duì)公司股票價(jià)格上漲的緩沖期。它可以釋放如每股盈利的壓力,一些關(guān)鍵的性能指標(biāo).其次,融資成本較低。從早期的1.6%至0.8%逐漸降低可換股債券的利息率,這是

60、低于銀行利率,亦是常見的可轉(zhuǎn)換債券顯著。第三,融資效率較高??蓳Q股債券的轉(zhuǎn)換價(jià)格是允許的要高,比30天后,在公眾面前一定程度平均引進(jìn)。對(duì)新發(fā)行的股票價(jià)格是由折扣原則。因此,每股權(quán)融資較高。這些因素使更多的可換股債券發(fā)行人的吸引力。但對(duì)于如何保護(hù)投資者的利益,確保信息的透明度,并建立可持續(xù)發(fā)展的可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng),相關(guān)部門,特別是管理和監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu),應(yīng)積極參與這一進(jìn)程。這里,關(guān)鍵是始終在政府的支持和指導(dǎo)。</p><p>

61、  3.1完善信用評(píng)級(jí)制度,并確保信息的透明度。</p><p>  可轉(zhuǎn)換債券屬于衍生證券的范圍。它的定價(jià)和發(fā)行是非常復(fù)雜的。由于發(fā)行人及證券交易商始終以設(shè)計(jì)為重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)化條件的融資,投資者必須首先評(píng)估項(xiàng)目的利益和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)完全如利率風(fēng)險(xiǎn),重新購(gòu)買風(fēng)險(xiǎn),股票價(jià)格下降,并在轉(zhuǎn)換失敗。根據(jù)世界成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),美國(guó),歐洲和日本市場(chǎng)評(píng)估企業(yè)信用發(fā)行可轉(zhuǎn)換債券??蓳Q股債券利率和轉(zhuǎn)換溢價(jià)是由可換股債券的信用。在歐洲,作為一個(gè)相對(duì)保守的投資

62、市場(chǎng),評(píng)價(jià)是必要的。然而,在中國(guó),對(duì)可轉(zhuǎn)換債券信用評(píng)級(jí)仍然是在出發(fā)。完善和信用評(píng)級(jí)制度的依賴并沒有獲得了市場(chǎng)的廣泛認(rèn)可。為了保證可換股債券投資運(yùn)行,中國(guó)主要采用的方式提供擔(dān)保的保險(xiǎn)?,F(xiàn)在迫切需要建立和完善信用評(píng)級(jí)制度。目前,外資爭(zhēng)相進(jìn)入信用評(píng)級(jí)市場(chǎng)。在五個(gè)中國(guó)信用等級(jí)企業(yè),其中四個(gè)已經(jīng)直接或間接控制的外國(guó)資本。今后,在出售,發(fā)行和可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的批準(zhǔn),法規(guī)和信息披露將更加嚴(yán)格。為有效監(jiān)管和監(jiān)管要求的信用評(píng)級(jí)機(jī)構(gòu)將捍衛(wèi)以更高的發(fā)行企業(yè)信用評(píng)級(jí)

63、機(jī)構(gòu)和傷害可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的投資者。</p><p>  3.2寬松的市場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)入條件,鼓勵(lì)越來越多的企業(yè)發(fā)行可轉(zhuǎn)換債券。</p><p>  在中國(guó)企業(yè)的問題上市場(chǎng)曾經(jīng)規(guī)定企業(yè)發(fā)行可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的嚴(yán)格約束。以此為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的問題,凈資產(chǎn)等財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)太簡(jiǎn)單了。政策主要支持在傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的成熟階段的大型企業(yè)。它很少考慮項(xiàng)目。經(jīng)營(yíng)管理水平應(yīng)集中研究這個(gè)問題,而不是企業(yè)的項(xiàng)目。這是更好地支持,而不是大企業(yè)的高成長(zhǎng)型企業(yè),

64、提高國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)自主創(chuàng)新能力。因此,中國(guó)調(diào)整了一些,如凈資產(chǎn),資產(chǎn)負(fù)債率問題的指標(biāo),鼓勵(lì)高新技術(shù)企業(yè)發(fā)行可轉(zhuǎn)換債券,這與中國(guó)的鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新與轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式的政策是一致的,提供了更廣闊的市場(chǎng)空間可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的發(fā)展。 </p><p>  3.3鼓勵(lì)產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)和發(fā)行方式的創(chuàng)新。</p><p>  鼓勵(lì)產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)及發(fā)行國(guó)內(nèi)可轉(zhuǎn)換債券市場(chǎng)的方式創(chuàng)新已經(jīng)超過一個(gè)十年發(fā)展。發(fā)行可換股債券為不同類型的條件已經(jīng)成

65、熟。國(guó)家應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的問題,通過改變具體條款的可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的基礎(chǔ)上共同的新的可轉(zhuǎn)換債券具有不同的特點(diǎn),并給出了它的需求.首先,延長(zhǎng)可換股債券長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)。在中國(guó),可轉(zhuǎn)換債券的期限最短為三年,最長(zhǎng)為五年,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于國(guó)外短,主要是十年以上的。這可能迫使企業(yè)采取短期融資項(xiàng)目中選擇,這將損害企業(yè)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展的行動(dòng)。其次,允許公開發(fā)行和私募共存。在總結(jié)的基礎(chǔ)在世界成熟市場(chǎng)和國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)條件的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),可以彌補(bǔ)中國(guó)對(duì)非公開發(fā)行的規(guī)定,降低發(fā)行成本和完善的問題的

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