外文翻譯--電火花成形加工技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢

1、<p>　　電火花成形加工技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢</p><p>　　作者：Sherry L. Baranek 來源：MM《現(xiàn)代制造》</p><p><b>　　一、引言 </b></p><p>　　作為先進制造技術(shù)的一個重要分支，特種加工技術(shù)，尤其是電火花加工技術(shù)，自20世紀40年代開創(chuàng)以來，歷經(jīng)半個多世紀的發(fā)展，已成為先進制造

2、技術(shù)領(lǐng)域不可或缺的重要組成部分。尤其是進人20世紀90年代后，隨著信息技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、航空和航天技術(shù)、材料科學(xué)技術(shù)等高新技術(shù)的發(fā)展，電火花成形加工技術(shù)也朝著更深層次、更高水平的方向發(fā)展。雖然一些傳統(tǒng)加工技術(shù)通過自身的不斷更新發(fā)展以及與其它相關(guān)技術(shù)的融合，在一些難加工材料加工領(lǐng)域（尤其在模具加工領(lǐng)域）表現(xiàn)出了加工效率高等優(yōu)勢，但這些技術(shù)的應(yīng)用沒有也不可能完全取代電火花成形加工技術(shù)在難加工材料、復(fù)雜型面、模具等加工領(lǐng)域中的地位。相反，電火花

3、成形加工技術(shù)通過借鑒其它加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗，正不斷向微細化、高效化、精密化、自動化、智能化等方向發(fā)展。 </p><p>　　二、電火花成形加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 </p><p>　　目前，在電火花加工基礎(chǔ)理論研究領(lǐng)域，由于放電過程本身的復(fù)雜性、隨機性以及研究手段缺乏創(chuàng)新性，迄今尚未取得突破性進展。但在加工工藝和控制理論研究領(lǐng)域，由于研究成果可直接應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)實踐，因此已成為目前電火花成形加工

4、技術(shù)研究中較為活躍的領(lǐng)域，其研究熱點主要集中在高效加工技術(shù)、高精密加工技術(shù)（如鏡面加工技術(shù)）、低損耗加工技術(shù)、微細加工技術(shù)、非導(dǎo)電材料加工技術(shù)、電火花表面處理技術(shù)、智能控制技術(shù)（如人工神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、模糊控制技術(shù)、專家系統(tǒng)等）以及操作安全、環(huán)境保護等方面。在工藝設(shè)備開發(fā)方面，目前的新型電火花成形加工機床在加工功能、加工精度、自動化程度、可靠性等方面已全面改善，許多機床已具備了在線檢測、智能控制、模塊化等功能，已不再是傳統(tǒng)意義上的特種加工機

5、床，而更像切削加工中的數(shù)控機床甚至加工中心。 </p><p>　　三、電火花成形加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢 </p><p>　　先進制造技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展和制造業(yè)市場競爭的加劇對電火花成形加工技術(shù)提出了更高要求，同時也為電火花成形加工技術(shù)加工理論的研究和工藝開發(fā)、設(shè)備更新提供了新的動力。今后電火花成形加工的加工對象應(yīng)主要面向傳統(tǒng)切削加工不易實現(xiàn)的難加工材料、復(fù)雜型面等加工，其中精細加工、精密加工、

6、窄槽加工、深腔加工等將成為發(fā)展重點。同時，還應(yīng)注意與其它特種加工技術(shù)或傳統(tǒng)切削加工技術(shù)的復(fù)合應(yīng)用，充分發(fā)揮各種加工方法在難加工材料加工中的優(yōu)勢，取得聯(lián)合增值效應(yīng)。相對于切削加工技術(shù)而言，電火花成形加工技術(shù)仍是一門較年輕的技術(shù)，因此在今后的發(fā)展中，應(yīng)借鑒切削加工技術(shù)發(fā)展過程中取得的經(jīng)驗與成果，根據(jù)電火花成形加工自身的技術(shù)特點，選用適當(dāng)?shù)募庸だ碚?、控制原理和工藝方法，并在己有成果的基礎(chǔ)上不斷完善、創(chuàng)新。電火花成形加工機床向數(shù)控化方向發(fā)展的趨

7、勢已不可逆轉(zhuǎn)，但應(yīng)注意不可盲目追求“大而全”，應(yīng)以市場為導(dǎo)向，建立具有開放性的數(shù)控體系。總體而言，電火花成形加工技術(shù)今后的發(fā)展趨勢應(yīng)是高效率、高精度、低損耗、微細化、自動化、安全、環(huán)保等。 </p><p>　　1．電火花成形加工理論的發(fā)展趨勢 </p><p>　　近年來，電火花成形加工的基礎(chǔ)理論研究尚未取得實質(zhì)性進展，雖然一些學(xué)者對加工過程的放電痕跡、材料蝕除原理等提出了一些新看法，但

8、在電火花加工機理研究方面并未取得重大突破。較為活躍的研究領(lǐng)域主要集中在加工工藝理論和控制理論方面。 </p><p>　　在加工工藝理論研究方面，研究熱點主要是如何提高電火花成形加工的表面質(zhì)量和加工速度，降低損耗，拓展電火花加工的范圍，以及探索復(fù)雜、微細結(jié)構(gòu)的加工方法等。通過將研究成果應(yīng)用于生產(chǎn)實踐，全面提高了電火花成形加工的加工性能。在控制理論研究方面，智能控制一直是研究重點。國內(nèi)外生產(chǎn)的新型電火花成形加工機床

9、大多采用了智能控制技術(shù)，此項技術(shù)的應(yīng)用使機床操作更容易，對操作人員要求更低。同時，智能控制系統(tǒng)具有自學(xué)習(xí)能力，可在線自動監(jiān)測、調(diào)整加工過程，以實現(xiàn)加工過程的最優(yōu)化控制。 </p><p>　　雖然電火花成形加工的理論研究在基礎(chǔ)理論、加工工藝理論、控制理論等方面都有一定發(fā)展和提高，但加工工藝理論、控制理論要得到更進一步全面發(fā)展，就必須在整個放電過程機理的研究上有所突破。因此，電火花成形加工理論研究的發(fā)展趨勢將是在進

10、一步探討加工工藝理論和控制理論，提高電火花成形加工的加工性能及加工范圍，取得更好控制效果的同時，重點研究放電過程的機理。 </p><p>　　電火花成形加工機理研究未取得突破性進展的主要原因除放電過程本身的復(fù)雜性、隨機性外，還由于研究方法及手段缺乏創(chuàng)新性。因此，有必要借鑒其它研究領(lǐng)域的成功經(jīng)驗，引人先進的研究方法和試驗技術(shù)，克服傳統(tǒng)研究方法的局限性、深人剖析和揭示整個放電過程的內(nèi)在本質(zhì)，建立可客觀反映放電過程規(guī)

11、律的理論模型，以指導(dǎo)電火花成形加工工藝理論和控制理論的研究，而計算機仿真技術(shù)可能是實現(xiàn)這一過程的有效工具。 </p><p>　　2．電火花成形加工設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)的改進 </p><p>　　借鑒現(xiàn)代切削加工機床的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗，電火花成形加工設(shè)備向數(shù)控化方向發(fā)展是一個不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的趨勢。一方面應(yīng)以高精度、高速度、自動化為追求目標，以技術(shù)優(yōu)勢占領(lǐng)市場；另一方面應(yīng)充分考慮設(shè)備的性能價格比，通過對機床功能的合

12、理定位，進行結(jié)構(gòu)改進和模塊化設(shè)計，采用開放性的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，提高機床設(shè)計的合理性，以最低的價格和足夠的功能向用戶提供可滿足不同加工需要的各類電火花成形加工機床。 </p><p>　　受現(xiàn)代切削加工技術(shù)發(fā)展的沖擊，以前適合采用電火花加工的一部分加工領(lǐng)域已逐步為切削加工方式所替代。但是，現(xiàn)代科技的發(fā)展對零件的制造精度提出了更高要求，各種高性能材料的應(yīng)用日益廣泛，同時，一些零件結(jié)構(gòu)趨于復(fù)雜化、微型化、薄型化，這都使切削加

13、工技術(shù)在某些加工領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用受到限制，而這些恰好是電火花成形加工的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢，也是其具有生存空間和發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ默F(xiàn)實依據(jù)。 </p><p>　　為全面推動電火花成形加工設(shè)備的技術(shù)進步，在采用先進控制系統(tǒng)的同時，機床結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計也需要進一步完善，其主要發(fā)展方向表現(xiàn)在以下兩方面： </p><p>　?。?）直線伺服系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用 </p><p>　　電火花成形加工設(shè)備采用直線電

14、機伺服系統(tǒng)可使加工性能獲得明顯改善，具體表現(xiàn)為： </p><p>　?、倏蓪崿F(xiàn)軸的直接直線運動，省去絲杠一螺母傳動環(huán)節(jié)，從而保證軸的高速運動； </p><p>　?、诓捎弥本€電機與滑板一體化結(jié)構(gòu)，可消除滑板與電機之間因存在中間環(huán)節(jié)而引起的機械響應(yīng)滯后現(xiàn)象，提高系統(tǒng)的靈敏度，縮短動態(tài)響應(yīng)時間，保證加工過程的穩(wěn)定性； </p><p>　　③直線電機伺服系統(tǒng)的運動方

15、式?jīng)Q定了其位置檢測環(huán)節(jié)必須采用直線位置反饋元件，實現(xiàn)無中間環(huán)節(jié)的直接位置檢測，從而構(gòu)成一個全閉環(huán)系統(tǒng)，保證加工過程的高精度及精度保持性。目前，直線伺服系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用在深窄、微小型腔加工及模壓零件一模多腔加工方面具有明顯的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢。但是，這些技術(shù)優(yōu)勢要真正實現(xiàn)，除需結(jié)合電火花成形加工放電過程特性，解決直線伺服系統(tǒng)本身的技術(shù)難題外，還必須解決一系列與直線伺服系統(tǒng)配套的相關(guān)技術(shù)，如直線運動系統(tǒng)的動力平衡、工作臺的結(jié)構(gòu)改進等。 </p>

16、<p>　　（2）機床運動方式的改進 </p><p>　　突破現(xiàn)有電火花成形加工機床運動方式的局限性，是發(fā)揮其技術(shù)優(yōu)勢、推動其產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的另一重要途徑。借鑒現(xiàn)代切削加工技術(shù)的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗，可在機床主要的加工成形運動基礎(chǔ)上引人圓周運動，特別是采用多軸回轉(zhuǎn)系統(tǒng)與多種直線運動協(xié)調(diào)組合成多種復(fù)合運動方式，以適應(yīng)不同種類工件的加工要求，擴大電火花成形加工的加工范圍，提高其在精密加工方面的比較優(yōu)勢和技術(shù)效益。目前，

17、許多電火花成形加工機床在運動方式上作了一些改進，如瑞士阿奇公司生產(chǎn)的AGIF MONDO STAR20（50）機床擁有EQUIMODE功能，能實現(xiàn)空間任何方向的半球平動，這種平動功能在實際加工中具有很高實用價值。但目前電火花成形加工機床增設(shè)的運動方式還較為單一，應(yīng)用范圍有限。電火花成形加工要在加工精度、加工效率、加工范圍等方面取得重大突破，一個重要的發(fā)展方向就是對機床成形運動方式的創(chuàng)新和多樣化。最近，日本東京大學(xué)余組元博士、增澤隆久教授

18、等提出了電極等損耗概念，即通過對加工路徑的合理規(guī)劃，可使電極損耗處于等損耗狀態(tài)，從而使電極損耗的補償變得極為簡單。這一概念的提出為電火花成形加工運動方式的改進提供了必要的理論依據(jù)。當(dāng)然，由此產(chǎn)生的機床結(jié)構(gòu)改變及其相關(guān)技</p><p>　　此外，機床的整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計必須充分考慮環(huán)境保護以及人一機協(xié)調(diào)性，借助先進的設(shè)計方法和手段（如CAD、有限元分析等）對機床結(jié)構(gòu)進行全面優(yōu)化設(shè)計，充分提高機床結(jié)構(gòu)的先進性和合理性。

19、</p><p>　　3．電火花成形加工工藝的發(fā)展趨勢 </p><p>　　通過對電火花成形加工機理的研究，進一步揭示放電過程的內(nèi)在規(guī)律，并以此為指導(dǎo)，推動電火花成形加工工藝向高效率、高精度、低損耗方向發(fā)展，同時還應(yīng)注意微細化加工方面的發(fā)展。</p><p>　?。?）加工過程的高效化 </p><p>　　加工過程的高效化不僅體現(xiàn)在通過改

20、進電火花加工伺服系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)、工作液系統(tǒng)、機床結(jié)構(gòu)等，減少上述因素對電火花成形加工效率的影響，在保證加工精度的前提下提高粗、精加工效率，同時還應(yīng)盡量減少輔助時間（如編程時間、電極與工件定位時間、維修時間等），這就需要增強機床的自動編程功能，擴展機床的在線后臺編程能力，改進和開發(fā)適用的電極與工件定位裝置。在機床維護方面，應(yīng)增強機床的多媒體功能和在線幫助功能，對于常見故障，操作人員可直接根據(jù)計算機提示實現(xiàn)故障排除，同時這也有利于增強機床的

21、可操作性和操作人員的操作技能。 </p><p>　?。?）加工過程的精密化 </p><p>　　通過采用一系列先進加工技術(shù)和工藝方法，目前電火花成形加工精度已有全面提高，有的已可達到鏡面加工水平。但從總體來看，先進技術(shù)在實際生產(chǎn)中的應(yīng)用還不夠成熟和廣泛，因此有必要全面推動已有先進技術(shù)的進一步完善及向產(chǎn)業(yè)化方向發(fā)展。在保證加工速度、加工成本的前提下，使電火花成形加工的精度水平進一步提高，

22、使電火花成形加工成為一些主要零件、關(guān)鍵零件的最終加工方式。同時，對加工精度的衡量不能僅僅局限于工件的尺寸精度和表面粗糙度，還應(yīng)包括型面的幾何精度、變質(zhì)層厚度以及微觀裂紋、氧化、銹蝕等。 </p><p>　　（3）加工過程的微細化 </p><p>　　電火花成形加工的一個重要應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域是窄槽、深腔、微細零件的加工，因此加工過程的微細化是今后一個重要的發(fā)展方向。電火花微細加工機理與常規(guī)電火花

23、成形加工相同，但有自身的工藝特點：每個脈沖的放電能量很小，工作液循環(huán)困難，穩(wěn)定的放電間隙范圍小等?；谶@些工藝特點，微細電火花成形加工的加工裝置、工作液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)、電極制備等必然與常規(guī)電火花成形加工有很大區(qū)別。因此，需要重點研究非機械作用力及其干擾對加工過程的影響等，進一步提高加工效率、加工精度及加工過程的穩(wěn)定性。 </p><p>　　（4）應(yīng)用范圍的擴大 </p><p>　　目前，電火

24、花成形加工不僅可加工各種導(dǎo)電金屬材料和復(fù)雜型腔，還能實現(xiàn)對半導(dǎo)體材料、非導(dǎo)電材料的加工，并取得了較好的加工效果。同時，電極材料的種類也不斷增多。這方面的主要發(fā)展趨勢為：進一步研究半導(dǎo)體材料、非導(dǎo)電材料的放電加工機理，促進其加工效率、加工精度、加工過程穩(wěn)定性的提高，擴大可加工材料的范圍；除加工復(fù)雜型腔外，進一步實現(xiàn)對三維型腔、復(fù)雜型面的加工；研制性能優(yōu)越的新型電極材料。 </p><p>　　四、操作安全與環(huán)境保護

25、 </p><p>　　隨著科技進步和人類文明的發(fā)展，人們對工作條件的改善和環(huán)境保護的要求越來越高。電火花成形加工由于其自身特點，在加工過程中不可避免地會產(chǎn)生工作液飛濺、煙霧、噪聲、電磁輻射、有害氣體等不安全因素和污染，對操作者人身安全及環(huán)境的危害不可忽視。因此，為保證電加工產(chǎn)業(yè)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，必須根據(jù)“綠色制造”原則，實現(xiàn)資源的最有效利用和廢棄物的最低限度產(chǎn)生與排放。 </p><p>　

26、　具體應(yīng)采取以下措施：</p><p>　　①封閉的機床工作區(qū)。這有利于改善工作液、煙霧、電磁輻射等對人體、機床、工作環(huán)境的污染，有利于操作過程中防止觸電危險以及對有害氣體的集中處理排放；</p><p>　　②替代性技術(shù)的運用。例如，為減少使用工作液所造成的環(huán)境污染，可在保證加工效率、加工精度、加工成本以及加工過程穩(wěn)定性的前提下，盡量選用污染較小的工作液，同時應(yīng)大力研究、開發(fā)不使用工作液

27、的成形加工技術(shù)；</p><p>　　③廢棄物的后處理。對于加工中產(chǎn)生的廢液、廢氣必須經(jīng)過處理后才能排放。需要特別指出，對加工過程產(chǎn)生的污染物的合理處理，不僅有利于提高工作的安全性、減少環(huán)境污染，還有利于改善操作者的工作環(huán)境，使操作者工作時心情愉快，這對于提高電加工產(chǎn)業(yè)的社會形象和市場競爭力也是十分有益的。 </p><p><b>　　五、結(jié)語 </b></

28、p><p>　　電火花成形加工技術(shù)在制造業(yè)領(lǐng)域占有重要地位，是實現(xiàn)難加工材料、復(fù)雜零件精密加工的有效手段。研究人員應(yīng)借鑒其它加工技術(shù)發(fā)展的成功經(jīng)驗，揚長避短，充分利用現(xiàn)代科技發(fā)展的相關(guān)成果，在深人研究電火花放電機理的基礎(chǔ)上，指導(dǎo)電火花成形加工工藝理論和控制理論的研究，改善機床結(jié)構(gòu)和設(shè)計方法，建立基于PC機的開放性數(shù)控體系，實現(xiàn)智能控制技術(shù)與電火花成形加工技術(shù)的有機結(jié)合，同時高度重視操作安全和環(huán)境保護，全面推動電火花成

29、形加工技術(shù)更快發(fā)展。</p><p><b>　　參考資料</b></p><p>　　[1] R. Neugebauer, C. Harzbecker, S. Ihlenfeldt, Intelligente Produktionssysteme—Prozesse, Komponenten, Anlagen, in: Offensivkonzeptewirtscha

30、ftlicher Produktionstechnik, vol. 3rd,Chemnitzer Produktionstechnisches Kolloquium, CPK, 2001,pp. 27–60.</p><p>　　[2] R. Neugebauer, C. Harzbecker, A. Stoll, Parallelkinematiken imWerkzeugmaschinenbau, in: A

31、rbeitsgenauigkeit von Parallelkinematiken,vol. 2nd, Chemnitzer Parallelkinematik-Seminar, 2001,pp. 29–54.</p><p>　　Electric spark forming processing technology present situation and trend of development</

32、p><p>　　Author: Sherry L.Baranek origin: MM《Modern Manufacture》</p><p>　　I、Introduction</p><p>　　As an advanced technique of manufacture important branch, the special processing techn

33、ology, the electric spark machining technology, since the 20th century 40's foundations, has had been through repeatedly in particular for more than half centuries the development, has become the advanced technique o

34、f manufacture domain indispensable important constituent. Enters after in particular the human for 1990s, along with high technology and new technology and so on information technology, networking, </p><p>　

35、　II、Electric spark forming processing technology development present situation</p><p>　　At present, in electric spark machining basic theory research area, because the electric discharge process itself compl

36、exity, randomness as well as the research method lack the innovation, until now not yet made the unprecedented progress. But in processing craft and control fundamental research domain, because the research results may a

37、pply directly in the production practice, therefore has become in the present electric spark forming processing engineering research a more active domain, its re</p><p>　　III、Electric spark forming processin

38、g technology trend of development</p><p>　　The advanced technique of manufacture fast development and the manufacturing industry market competition aggravating proposed to the electric spark forming processi

39、ng technology a higher request, simultaneously also for the electric spark forming processing technology processing theory research and the craft development, the equipment renewed has provided the new power. The next el

40、ectric spark forming processing processing object will be supposed mainly to face the tradition machining not not ea</p><p>　　1. electric spark forming processing theory trend of development</p><p

41、>　　In recent years, the electric spark forming processing basic theory research not yet made the substantive progress, although some scholars to the processing process electric discharge trace, the material eclipse el

42、iminated the principle and so on to propose some new views, but obtained the significant breakthrough by no means in the electric spark machining mechanism research aspect. The more active research area mainly concentrat

43、es in the processing craft theory and the control theory aspect.</p><p>　　In the processing craft fundamental research aspect, how does the research hot spot mainly is enhance the electric spark forming proc

44、essing the surface quality and the processing speed, reduces the loss, the development electric spark machining scope, as well as exploration complex, tiny structure processing method and so on. Will apply through the re

45、search results in the production practice, will comprehensively enhance the electric spark forming processing workability. In the control fundament</p><p>　　Although the electric spark forming processing fun

46、damental research in aspects and so on basic theory, processing craft theory, control theory all has certain development and the enhancement, but the processing craft theory, the control theory need to obtain the further

47、 full scale development, must have the breakthrough in the entire electric discharge process mechanism research. Therefore, the electric spark forming processing fundamental research trend of development will be further

48、is discuss</p><p>　　The electric spark forming processing mechanism research has not made the unprecedented progress the primary cause except outside the electric discharge process itself complexity, randomn

49、ess, but also because the research technique and the method lack the innovation. Therefore, it is necessary to profit from other research area the success experience, directs the human advanced research technique and the

50、 experimental technology, the victory tradition research technique limitation, the deep perso</p><p>　　2. electric spark forming processing equipment structure improvement</p><p>　　The model mod

51、ern machining engine bed development experience, the electric spark forming processing equipment develops to the numerical control direction is a irreversible tendency. On the one hand should by the high accuracy, the hi

52、gh velocity, change into the pursue goal automatically, seizes the market by the technical superiority; On the other hand should consider fully the equipment the performance price compared to, through to the engine bed f

53、unction reasonable localization, makes the stru</p><p>　　Modern machining technological development impact, before suits uses the electric spark machining a part of processing domain to substitute gradually

54、for the machining way. But, the modern science and technology development proposed to the components manufacture precision a higher request, each kind of high performance material application is day by day widespread, si

55、multaneously, some components structure tends to the complication, the microminiaturization, thinly, this all causes the machining</p><p>　　For the comprehensive impetus electric spark forming processing equ

56、ipment technology advancement, while uses the advanced control system, the engine bed structure design also needs further to consummate, its main development direction displays in following two aspects:</p><p&

57、gt;　　(1) straight line servosystem application</p><p>　　The electric spark forming processing equipment uses the straight line electrical machinery servosystem to be possible to cause the workability to obta

58、in the distinct improvement, the concrete manifestation is:</p><p>　　May realize the axis direct translation, omits a guide screw nut transmission link, thus guarantee axis high speed movement;</p>&l

59、t;p>　　Uses the straight line electrical machinery and the slide integration structure, may eliminate between the slide and the electrical machinery because of has the machinery lag in response phenomenon which the mid

60、dle link causes, enhances the system the sensitivity, reduces the dynamic response time, the guarantee processing process stability;</p><p>　　The straight line electrical machinery servosystem mode of motion

61、 had decided its position examination link must use the straight line position feedback part, the realization not middle link direct position examination, thus constitutes an entire closed-loop system, the guarantee proc

62、essing process high accuracy and the precision retentivity. At present, the straight line servosystem application in deep narrow, the small die space processing and a mould pressing components mold multi-cavity proc</

63、p><p>　　(2) engine bed mode of motion improvement</p><p>　　Breaks through the existing electric spark forming processing engine bed mode of motion the limitation, is displays its technical superior

64、ity, impels its industrial development another important way. The model modern machining technology development experience, may direct the human circular motion in the engine bed main processing forming movement foundati

65、on, specially uses the multiple spindle rotary system and many kinds of translation coordinating group synthesizes many kinds of compound moti</p><p>　　In addition, the engine bed overall construction design

66、 must consider fully the environmental protection as well as a human machine coordination, with the aid of the advanced design method and the method (for example CAD, the finite element analysis and so on) carry on the c

67、omprehensive optimized design to the engine bed structure, enhances the engine bed structure fully the sophistication and the rationality.</p><p>　　3. electric spark forming processing craft trend of develop

68、ment</p><p>　　Through processes the mechanism to the electric spark forming the research, further promulgates the electric discharge process the inherent laws, and take this as the instruction, impels the el

69、ectric spark forming processing craft to the high efficiency, the high accuracy, the low loss direction to develop, meanwhile should pay attention to the micro refinement processing aspect the development.</p><

70、;p>　　(1) processing process highly effective</p><p>　　Not only the processing process highly effective manifests in through the improvement electric spark machining servosystem, the control system, the dr

71、iving fluid system, the engine bed structure and so on, reduces the above factor to the electric spark forming processing efficiency influence, enhances, the precision work efficiency thickly in under the guarantee proce

72、ssing precision premise, meanwhile should reduce the non-cutting time as far as possible (for example programming time, electrode </p><p>　　In the engine bed maintenance aspect, should strengthen the engine

73、bed the multimedia functions and the online help function, regarding the common breakdown, the operator may act according to the computer prompt realization trouble shooting directly, simultaneously this is also advantag

74、eous in strengthens the engine bed the feasibility and operator's operation skill.</p><p>　　(2) processing process precision</p><p>　　Through uses a series of advanced processing technology

75、and the technique, at present the electric spark forming processing precision had the comprehensive enhancement, some has been possible to achieve the mirror surface processing level. But looked from the overall that, th

76、e vanguard technology insufficiently is also mature in the actual production application and widespread, therefore has the necessity comprehensive impetus to have the vanguard technology further consummation and to devel

77、op t</p><p>　　(3) processing process micro refinement</p><p>　　An electric spark forming processing important application domain is the narrow trough, the deep cavity, the tiny components proces

78、sing, therefore the processing process micro refinement will be the next important development direction. The electric spark processes the mechanism and the conventional electric spark forming processing tiny is same, bu

79、t has own craft characteristic: Each pulse electric discharge energy is very small, driving fluid circulation difficulty, stable electric discharge g</p><p>　　(4) application scope expansion</p><p

80、>　　At present, not only the electric spark forming processing may process each kind of electric conduction metal material and the complex die space, but also can realize to the semiconducting material, the non-conduct

81、ing material processing, and has obtained the good processing effect. At the same time, the electrode material type also unceasingly increases. This aspect main trend of development is: Further studies the semiconducting

82、 material, the non-conducting material electric spark machining me</p><p>　　IV、Operational safety and environmental protection</p><p>　　Along with advance in technology and human culture develop

83、ment, the people are more and more high to the working condition improvement and the environmental protection request. The electric spark forming processing as a result of its own characteristic, can have the driving flu

84、id splash, the smog, the noise, the electromagnetic radiation, the noxious gas inevitably in the processing process and so on the safety factor and the pollution, is noticeable to the operator personal safety and the env

85、ir</p><p>　　V、Conclusion</p><p>　　The electric spark forming processing technology holds the important status in the manufacturing industry domain, is realizes difficultly to process the materia

86、l, the complex components precise processing effective method. The researcher should profit from other processing technological development the success experience, enhances strong points and avoid weaknesses, uses the mo

87、dern science and technology development fully the related achievement, studies the electric spark in the deep person to </p><p>　　Further reading</p><p>　　[1] R. Neugebauer, C. Harzbecker, S. Ih

88、lenfeldt, Intelligente Produktionssysteme—Prozesse, Komponenten, Anlagen, in: Offensivkonzeptewirtschaftlicher Produktionstechnik, vol. 3rd,Chemnitzer Produktionstechnisches Kolloquium, CPK, 2001,</p><p>　　p

89、p. 27–60.</p><p>　　[2] R. Neugebauer, C. Harzbecker, A. Stoll, Parallelkinematiken imWerkzeugmaschinenbau, in: Arbeitsgenauigkeit von Parallelkinematiken,vol. 2nd, Chemnitzer Parallelkinematik-Seminar, 2001,