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1、<p>  淺談如何讓高考英語(yǔ)作文妙筆生花</p><p>  不少同學(xué)們可能很不理解:考試時(shí),寫出的書(shū)面表達(dá)要點(diǎn)齊全,表達(dá)也正確,可就是不知道為什么打不上高分。是啊,為什么呢?今天,我們就來(lái)研究如何解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。</p><p>  首先讓我們來(lái)看近年來(lái)全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):第五檔(很好):“覆蓋所有主要內(nèi)容;應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯;語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤,

2、但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致;應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)句間的連接成分,使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊;達(dá)到了預(yù)期的寫作目的?!?lt;/p><p>  可見(jiàn),高考書(shū)面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用上對(duì)考生提出了更高的要求。也就是說(shuō)在考查考生語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了用詞的得體性、表達(dá)方式的多樣性。如果同學(xué)們僅運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)的詞匯和基本的句型,不能體現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,即使要點(diǎn)齊全,表達(dá)沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,也不能給人一種含金量高的審美享受,因此

3、很難在考試的評(píng)分中得到較高檔次。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)給我們傳遞了另外一個(gè)信息,如果有意識(shí)地使用較高級(jí)詞匯或復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu),即使有些錯(cuò)誤,也不扣分,仍屬于最高檔次。</p><p>  下面筆者就如何在高考英語(yǔ)作文中得到高分淺談一下自己的教學(xué)體會(huì)。</p><p>  根據(jù)筆者的多年高三教學(xué)體會(huì),我個(gè)人認(rèn)為,要想高考英語(yǔ)作文得到高分,考生必須讓自己的文章有“亮點(diǎn)”,做到妙筆生花,與眾不同,達(dá)到語(yǔ)不驚人死不休的

4、地步,體現(xiàn)出考生對(duì)語(yǔ)言的嫻熟駕馭能力。要做到這一點(diǎn)并不容易,但不是絕對(duì)不可以的。一篇優(yōu)秀的高分作文應(yīng)該內(nèi)容豐富,形象豐滿;詞語(yǔ)生動(dòng)、句式靈活、善于運(yùn)用修辭手法,語(yǔ)句地道;有見(jiàn)解,觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)清晰,有獨(dú)到之處。</p><p>  同學(xué)們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面去努力。</p><p>  一、遣詞方面:用詞要貼切而豐富,善用短語(yǔ)</p><p>  詞匯是語(yǔ)言的建筑材料,文章

5、的好壞,選詞很關(guān)鍵,如果用詞精湛,就會(huì)使文章“亮”起來(lái)。1. 措辭要貼切具體生動(dòng) 防止泛泛而談  試比較下面句子:   I saw a traffic accident with my eye this morning(普通).   I witnessed a traffic accident this morning.(高級(jí)).</p><p>  He talked all the time duri

6、ng the discussion.(普通)</p><p>  He dominated the discussion.(高級(jí))</p><p>  走出房間,籠統(tǒng)空泛的詞是:walk out of the room但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō):slip out of the room小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō):sail out of the room小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō):dance out of

7、 the room老人走出房間應(yīng)該說(shuō):stagger out of the room</p><p>  通過(guò)比較可以看出,前一句遠(yuǎn)不如后一句表達(dá)得具體、生動(dòng)。一個(gè)詞如果內(nèi)涵越具體,那么在特定的場(chǎng)景中恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂盟蜁?huì)收到意想不到的效果。很多同學(xué)寫作時(shí)常隨便用一個(gè)很籠統(tǒng)的詞來(lái)描述一個(gè)具體事物或人,如 a good man給人感覺(jué)很籠統(tǒng)空泛,我們可以用很多有個(gè)性的、具體的詞描繪一個(gè)人,如 generous(大方的

8、,慷慨的),humorous(幽默的),smart(漂亮的,瀟灑的),kind-hearted,warm-hearted,hospitable(好客的,招待周到的),gentle(文雅的),optimistic(樂(lè)觀的),outstanding(杰出的),courageous(英勇的),cultivated(有教養(yǎng)的),confident(自信的)等等?! ?lt;/p><p>  2. 用詞要簡(jiǎn)潔多樣 盡量避免重復(fù)

9、  在英語(yǔ)寫作中,遣詞一定要避免不必要的重復(fù),如果用詞重復(fù),寫出的句子往往單調(diào)乏味,文章沒(méi)有感染力。用詞多樣化可以使句子表意生動(dòng),增強(qiáng)文章的整體表達(dá)效果。如:  Chart1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities. The students put the

10、most time,93 minutes,into their homework,and next in line is watching TV,which takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same amount of time listening to music and working on the computer,34 minutes and 30 minutes each.

11、 While 25 minutes is spent on sports only 1</p><p>  goes into housework  文中運(yùn)用了 “spend on” “put....into” “take up” “put in...doing” “goes into” 等一系列的不同詞語(yǔ),來(lái)說(shuō)明學(xué)生六項(xiàng)課余活動(dòng)所花時(shí)間,雖然講的都是類似的情況,但沒(méi)有一個(gè)詞組是重復(fù)的。這充分體現(xiàn)了語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用技

12、能,絕對(duì)可使整篇文章“亮”起來(lái)。</p><p>  3. 要善于運(yùn)用習(xí)語(yǔ)  習(xí)語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)言的精華部分,習(xí)語(yǔ)用得好,會(huì)給評(píng)卷員留下深刻印象。例如: When she was a child,she wanted to learn everything.( 普通) When she was a child,she had a strong appetite for knowledge.(高級(jí))</p>

13、<p>  He can’t give up smoking. ( 普通)</p><p>  He is addicted to smoking. (高級(jí))</p><p>  He was very busy with his work all day. (普通)</p><p>  He was tied up with his work. (

14、高級(jí))</p><p>  4. 要避免漢語(yǔ)思維  用詞要符合英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,避免漢語(yǔ)思維的影響,如某些名詞和動(dòng)詞搭配已約定俗成,不能隨意打亂其搭配習(xí)慣,否則會(huì)顯得生硬和詞不達(dá)意。如漢語(yǔ)中的“學(xué)到知識(shí)”,英語(yǔ)中就不能說(shuō)“l(fā)earn knowledge”,而要說(shuō)acquire knowledge (獲得知識(shí)) 。類似的動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)還有achieve dream(美夢(mèng)成真),gain reputation (獲得聲譽(yù)),ob

15、tain one’s goal(達(dá)到目標(biāo))等等。</p><p>  二、造句方面:句式要準(zhǔn)確而多變,活用復(fù)合句  簡(jiǎn)單句用得太多,會(huì)造成文章讀起來(lái)乏味。在評(píng)卷員看來(lái),同樣意思的內(nèi)容,能夠運(yùn)用比較復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá),當(dāng)然會(huì)認(rèn)為其運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力要比只會(huì)用簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)表達(dá)要強(qiáng),評(píng)分自然就高。</p><p>  1. 巧用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,可使文句看起來(lái)更簡(jiǎn)潔,使語(yǔ)言更加豐富多彩,重

16、點(diǎn)更加突出,增加文采。如:I covered my ears,trying to keep the noise out,but failed.</p><p>  2. 巧用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)  “with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞”結(jié)構(gòu),常作伴隨狀語(yǔ)以增加被描繪內(nèi)容的生動(dòng)性和情感性,使文章讀起來(lái)更簡(jiǎn)潔明了。試比較: I couldn’t go on studying because

17、 there was so much noise troubling me. (普通) I couldn’t go on studying with so much noise disturbing me. (高級(jí))</p><p>  3. 巧用復(fù)合句  高考評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)使用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)量和復(fù)雜性,鼓勵(lì)考生盡量使用較復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu),并且對(duì)由此產(chǎn)生的錯(cuò)誤采取了寬容的態(tài)度。如果恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用各類從句,就會(huì)使文章出彩。如:

18、  (定語(yǔ)從句) What’s more,people have easy access to the Internet,which enables them to send and receive e-mails whenever they like.</p><p>  4. 巧用倒裝句、感嘆句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、虛擬語(yǔ)氣句等  使用這些句式可使文章化平淡為生動(dòng),加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,使評(píng)卷老師感受作者的強(qiáng)烈情感?! ?倒裝

19、句)Only in this way can we work out the problem.   (感嘆句)I thought,“How hard dad is working! He must be very tired.”</p><p>  5. 巧用排山倒海句  如能運(yùn)用一個(gè)個(gè)排比句、對(duì)偶句、不定式或短語(yǔ),可令文章增色不少,會(huì)給評(píng)卷員眼前一亮的感覺(jué)。如:  The purpose of the p

20、rogram is to make our school more beautiful,to make the air cleaner and fresher,and to turn our school into a better place for us to study and live in. </p><p><b>  6. 巧用修辭手段</b></p><p

21、>  在這方面,英語(yǔ)跟漢語(yǔ)相通。常用的修辭手段有,比喻,擬人,夸張,借代等等。</p><p>  比喻性結(jié)構(gòu)新鮮活潑,形象具體,能給讀者留下較深刻的印象,具有強(qiáng)大的感染力。例如:</p><p>  1. It is more like a spear than anything else. (明喻 )</p><p>  2. Mercy falls l

22、ike the gentle rain from the sky upon the earth. ( 明喻 )</p><p>  3. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. ( 暗喻 )</p><p>  4. I have a dream

23、 that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. (對(duì)仗 ) </p><p>  5.You’ll have to look a

24、t the time a hundreds of times a day now.( 夸張 ) </p><p>  6. Della stood by the window and looked out at a grey cat walking along a grey fence in a grey backyard. (反復(fù))</p><p>  7. New York never

25、 sleeps. (擬人) </p><p>  8. The Great Wall runs across China like a huge dragon. ( 明喻 )</p><p>  9.To finish the work ahead of time, I have been as busy as a bee recently. (

26、 暗喻 )</p><p>  10.He is a lucky dog. ( 暗喻 )</p><p>  11.Dusk found him crying in the street. (擬人)</p><p>  12.He is as strong as a horse. He is as cunning as a fox. (擬人)</p>

27、<p>  13.This is a city with souls of 150,000.( 借代)</p><p>  14.The boss shouted to these workers in a loud voice which could wake up the dead. (夸張)</p><p>  筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)在這方面是一大缺陷。很多教師根本就沒(méi)這種

28、意識(shí),這不能不說(shuō)是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的一大悲哀。</p><p>  7.使用英語(yǔ)中的諺語(yǔ)</p><p>  和漢語(yǔ)一樣,英語(yǔ)中也有大量諺語(yǔ)。若能在寫作中恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用,會(huì)給文章增色不少,起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛之效?,F(xiàn)列舉幾條勵(lì)志類的諺語(yǔ)。</p><p>  Where there is a will, there is a way.</p><p>  Ti

29、me and tide wait for no man.</p><p>  Practice makes perfect. </p><p>  A lazy youth, a lousy age.</p><p> ?、?Well begun is half done.</p><p>  ⑥ No pains, no

30、gains.</p><p> ?、?Look before you leap.</p><p>  ⑧ It is never too old to learn. </p><p> ?、?Failure is the mother of success.</p><p>  ⑩ He who laughs last laughs best

31、.</p><p>  三、布局謀篇——獨(dú)具匠心 </p><p>  眾所周知,語(yǔ)言的最高層次不是傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法所說(shuō)的句子,而是語(yǔ)篇。語(yǔ)篇指的是一系列連接的語(yǔ)段或句子構(gòu)成的語(yǔ)言整體。一篇好的文章不但句子正確,要點(diǎn)齊全,更重要的是有效地使用了語(yǔ)句間的連接成分。使用恰當(dāng)連接詞,對(duì)寫出一篇有“英語(yǔ)味”的文章很重要,能使整篇文章上下銜接自然、緊湊,使文章有一定的流暢性,以使文章層次清晰,行文連貫。因此

32、,恰當(dāng)使用好連接性的詞語(yǔ)和句子,是使作文有亮點(diǎn)并獲得高分的一個(gè)重要因素。下面表格中是寫作中經(jīng)常用到的一些連接詞,對(duì)高考寫作很有幫助。</p><p>  高考寫作中經(jīng)常用到的一些連接詞</p><p>  例如  Now in the country areas,there are many children out of school. The reasons can be liste

33、d as follows:  To begin with,most families are poor and can’t afford their education. As a result,they have no choice but to stay at home and make money. In addition,some parents think daughters needn’t go to school. Th

34、erefore,they don’t let them go to school. Finally,some children are not interested in their studies. To make matters worse,some wouldn’t like to go to school. As far as I’m concerned,</p><p>  筆者在平時(shí)的教學(xué)過(guò)程

35、中經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生在書(shū)面表達(dá)練習(xí)時(shí),經(jīng)??陬^語(yǔ)與書(shū)面語(yǔ)混用的情況。既然是書(shū)面表達(dá),就應(yīng)該使用書(shū)面語(yǔ),杜絕使用口頭語(yǔ)。下面是筆者在平時(shí)教學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的具體例子。</p><p>  1.It is hard to get the general idea of this article. ( 口 )</p><p>  It is difficult to grasp the general idea

36、 of this … (書(shū))</p><p>  2.A friend is a guy you can depend on when you are in trouble. (口 ) </p><p>  A friend is a person you can depend on when you are in trouble. ( 書(shū) )</p><p> 

37、 3.The United Kingdom is made up of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(口)</p><p>  The Unite Kingdom consists of GB and NI. (書(shū) )</p><p>  4.I decided to have a go at learning swimming. ( 口 )&l

38、t;/p><p>  I decided to make an attempt to learn swimming. (書(shū))</p><p>  寫作題是高考英語(yǔ)試題中的壓軸題,旨在考查考生是否能用所學(xué)過(guò)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)和掌握的寫作技巧進(jìn)行書(shū)面表達(dá),考生的語(yǔ)言基本功可以通過(guò)一篇英語(yǔ)作文表現(xiàn)的一目了然。在體裁明確、信息全面、要點(diǎn)清晰的前提下,要盡可能使用較高級(jí)的詞匯或較復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu),豐富多樣的表達(dá)方式不

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