研究生。n傳導(dǎo)腦膜csf

1、Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,1,THE NERVOUS PATHWAYS (神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)路),A. The Sensory (Ascending) Pathways (感覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路)B. The Visual and Pupillary Reflexes Pathways (視覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路和瞳孔對(duì)光反射通路)C. Th

2、e Acoustic Pathway (聽(tīng)覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路)D. The Equilibratory Pathway (平衡覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路)E. The Motor (Descending) Pathways (運(yùn)動(dòng)傳導(dǎo)通路),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,2,A. The Sensory (Ascending) Pathways

3、,1. Deep & discriminatory sensation ? Proprioceptive (deep) sense (本體感覺(jué)): body posture, movement, vibration and pressure. discriminatory sense (精細(xì)觸覺(jué)): size, shape, texture and two point discrimination.,System

4、atic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,3,,Receptorsmuscle spindlestendon spindlesPacini’s corpuscles(肌梭,腱梭,P小體),I,II,,Med. Lemniscus (內(nèi)側(cè)丘系),,III,丘腦皮質(zhì)束(丘腦中央輻射,cerebral centers Cortex of the

5、 sup. and middle parts of postcentral gyrus. Posterior part of paracentral lobule (中央后回上中部皮質(zhì),中央旁小葉后部),,Spinal nn.(脊N) (薄束T4?,楔束T4?),(內(nèi)側(cè)丘系交叉)?,(薄束核,楔束核)?,(脊神經(jīng)節(jié)),?(丘腦腹后外側(cè)核),?(內(nèi)囊后肢),(內(nèi)弓狀纖維)?,1) Conscious proprioceptiv

6、e sensory pathways (意識(shí)性本體感覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,4,? 1) Conscious proprioceptive sensory pathways,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao Univ

7、ersity,Receptorsmuscle spindlestendon spindlesPacini’s corpuscles(肌梭,腱梭,P小體),(脊N) (后根),I (脊神經(jīng)節(jié)),,II (后角核ⅤⅥⅦ層),cerebellar center cortex of cerebellum(小腦皮質(zhì)),ant. white commissure (脊髓白質(zhì)前連合) ?,thoracicnucleu

8、s(胸核),,,sup. cerebellar peduncle (小腦上腳),,,脊髓小腦前束,(小腦下腳) (脊髓小腦后束),,,2) unconscious proprioceptive sensory pathway (非意識(shí)性本體感覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,6,,Receptors

9、free n. endings (痛)Krause's end bulbs (冷)Ruffini end organs (熱),I,,II,,(脊髓丘系) (脊髓丘腦側(cè)束),,III,丘腦皮質(zhì)束 (丘腦中央輻射),,cerebral centers Cortex of the sup. and middle parts of postcentral gyrus. Posterior part of paracentr

10、al lobule (中央后回上中部皮質(zhì),中央旁小葉后部),,Spinal nn.(脊N) 上升1-2節(jié)后外側(cè)束,(脊髓前白連合)?,(脊髓后角固有核)?,(脊神經(jīng)節(jié))?,?(丘腦腹后外側(cè)核),?(內(nèi)囊后肢),2. Superficial sensation ? 1) Pathway of Pain & Thermal sensation of the Trunk & Limbs(軀干和四肢痛溫覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路)

11、,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,7,1) Pathway of Pain & Thermal sensation of the Trunk & Limbs,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,8,,R

12、eceptorsfree n. endings (痛)Krause's end bulbs (冷)Ruffini end organs (熱),I,,II,,trigeminal lemniscus (三叉丘系),,III,int.cap.內(nèi)囊后肢,cerebral centers cortex of the inferior part of postcentral gyrus. (中央后回下部皮質(zhì))

13、,,(三叉神經(jīng)脊束核) ?,(V神經(jīng)節(jié))?,?(丘腦腹后內(nèi)側(cè)核),(三叉神經(jīng)) (三叉神經(jīng)脊束),丘腦中央輻射(丘腦皮質(zhì)束),? 2) Pain & Thermal Sensation of Head and Face (頭面部痛溫覺(jué)),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,9,? 2) Pain & Therm

14、al Sensation of Head and Face (頭面部痛溫覺(jué)),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,10,(損傷部位),感覺(jué)障礙表現(xiàn),Peripheral NS(周圍神經(jīng)),Spinal Cord(脊髓),Internal capsule(內(nèi)囊),Centers(中樞),Thalamus(丘腦),(腦干延髓),

15、subcutaneous nerve (皮神經(jīng)): 全部感覺(jué)消失,無(wú)汗mixed nerve (混合神經(jīng)): 全部感覺(jué)消失,支配肌肉軟癱posterior root 后根): 節(jié)段性全部感覺(jué)消失,(交叉性痛溫覺(jué)消失:同側(cè)面部,對(duì)側(cè)軀體),(偏身,多伴有自發(fā)性痛疼),(對(duì)側(cè)三偏: 硬癱,痛、溫、本體、精細(xì)觸覺(jué)消失, 視覺(jué)同向消失),(對(duì)側(cè)相應(yīng)區(qū)感覺(jué)消失),posterior horn (后角): 同側(cè)節(jié)段低1-2節(jié)痛溫覺(jué)消失,An

16、t. commissure (白質(zhì)前連合): 對(duì)稱節(jié)段性痛溫覺(jué)消失Tract (傳導(dǎo)束): 分離性感覺(jué)消失),Summary of Sensory Disturbance(感覺(jué)障礙小結(jié)),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,11,RECEPTORSfree n. endings (毛囊周圍神經(jīng)末梢tactile corp

17、uscles (觸覺(jué)小體),I,,II,,,III,丘腦中央輻射(丘腦皮質(zhì)束),內(nèi)囊后肢,CEREBRAL CENTERS cortex of the sup. and middle parts of postcentral gyrus. Posterior part of paracentral lobule (中央后回上中部皮質(zhì),中央旁小葉后部),,spinal nn.(脊N),(脊髓白質(zhì)前連合)?,(脊髓后角固有束核

18、)?,(脊神經(jīng)節(jié))?,?(丘腦腹后外側(cè)核),,(脊髓丘系) (脊髓丘腦前束),3) Tactile Pathway of Trunk and Limbs (軀干四肢觸覺(jué)),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,12,RECEPTORSfree n. endings (毛囊周圍神經(jīng)末梢tactile corpuscles (

19、觸覺(jué)小體),I,,II,,trigem. lemniscus(三叉丘系),,III,丘腦中央輻射(丘腦皮質(zhì)束),CEREBRAL CENTERS cortex of the inferior part of postcentral gyrus. (中央后回下部皮質(zhì)),,trigeminal n.(三叉N),(腦橋內(nèi)交叉)?,(三叉神經(jīng)腦橋核)?,(V神經(jīng)節(jié))?,?(丘腦腹后內(nèi)側(cè)核),,內(nèi)囊后肢,4) Tactile Path

20、way of Head and Face (頭面部觸覺(jué)),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,13,,RECEPTORSrod cells (視桿細(xì)胞)cone cells(視錐細(xì)胞),II,鼻側(cè),optic tract (視束),,III,視輻射(膝距束),CEREBRAL CENTERS banks of the

21、 calcarine sulcus ( lingual gyrus & cuneus) (距狀溝兩側(cè)皮質(zhì)) (舌回和楔葉),,bipolar c. (雙極細(xì)胞),(視交叉)?,(節(jié)細(xì)胞)?,(雙極細(xì)胞)?,(外側(cè)膝狀體) ?,顳側(cè),I,optic n. (視N) ?,內(nèi)囊后肢后部,3. Visual & pupillary reflexes 1) ? The visual pathway

22、(視覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,14,3. Visual & pupillary reflexes 1) ? The visual pathway,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,15,

23、視覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路及瞳孔對(duì)光反射通路：,雙極細(xì)胞Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,外側(cè)膝狀體,距狀溝兩側(cè),節(jié)細(xì)胞,視束,視錐細(xì)胞視桿細(xì)胞,,,,視神經(jīng),,顳 側(cè),,,鼻 側(cè),,,,Ⅲ,頂蓋前區(qū),,,,,動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)副核 （雙側(cè)）,Ⅳ,動(dòng)眼神經(jīng),睫狀神經(jīng)節(jié)（雙側(cè)）,Ⅴ,,瞳孔括約肌睫狀?。p側(cè)）,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,16

24、,視覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路及瞳孔對(duì)光反射通路：1. 視覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路： 視網(wǎng)膜中光感受器細(xì)胞視錐、視桿細(xì)胞，第一級(jí)神經(jīng)元為雙級(jí)細(xì)胞、第二級(jí)神經(jīng)元節(jié)細(xì)胞，軸突成視神經(jīng)、經(jīng)視神經(jīng)管入顱、經(jīng)視交叉（視網(wǎng)膜鼻側(cè)半交叉、視網(wǎng)膜顳側(cè)半不交叉），入同側(cè)視束，終止外側(cè)膝狀體、外側(cè)膝狀體內(nèi)第三級(jí)神經(jīng)元組成視輻射經(jīng)內(nèi)囊后肢投射到端腦距狀溝兩側(cè)視區(qū)，產(chǎn)生視覺(jué)。2. 瞳孔對(duì)光反射通路：視束纖維經(jīng)上丘臂于頂蓋前區(qū)、由此到雙側(cè)動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)副核，動(dòng)眼神經(jīng)副核到睫狀神經(jīng)節(jié)換元，節(jié)后纖維

25、支配瞳孔括約肌收縮，瞳孔縮小 。Wilbrand前袢：其中來(lái)自視網(wǎng)膜鼻側(cè)半下象限的纖維，向腹側(cè)經(jīng)視交叉前緣至對(duì)側(cè)視神經(jīng)，向前可達(dá)3mm作袢狀彎曲，沿視交叉外側(cè)緣后行至對(duì)視束。Wilbrand后袢：其中來(lái)自視網(wǎng)膜鼻側(cè)半上象限的纖維，經(jīng)視交叉向后至同側(cè)視束吻端，作袢狀彎曲，經(jīng)視交叉后緣上方交叉至對(duì)側(cè)視束。,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao Unive

26、rsity,17,視覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路：Wilbrand前袢：其中來(lái)自視網(wǎng)膜鼻側(cè)半下象限的纖維，向腹側(cè)經(jīng)視交叉前緣至對(duì)側(cè)視神經(jīng)，向前可達(dá)3mm作袢狀彎曲，沿視交叉外側(cè)緣后行至對(duì)視束。Wilbrand后袢：其中來(lái)自視網(wǎng)膜鼻側(cè)半上象限的纖維，經(jīng)視交叉向后至同側(cè)視束吻端，作袢狀彎曲，經(jīng)視交叉后緣上方交叉至對(duì)側(cè)視束。,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao Unive

27、rsity,18,RECEPTORSrod cells (視桿細(xì)胞cone cells(視錐細(xì)胞,,IIganglion cell(節(jié)細(xì)胞),鼻側(cè),,bipolar c. (雙極細(xì)胞),Optic chiasma (視交叉) ?,顳側(cè),I,Optic n. (視n) ?,,,,,EW核(III副核),ciliary ganglion睫狀N節(jié),,Short ciliary

28、nn(睫短神經(jīng)),Effectors sphincter pupillae ciliary muscle (瞳孔括約肌,睫狀肌),oculomotor n.(動(dòng)眼N),lat. br.,側(cè)支,optic tract (視束),pretectal area(頂蓋前區(qū)),? 2) Pathway of the Pupillary Reflexes (瞳孔對(duì)光反射傳導(dǎo)通路),Systematic Anatomy,Dept

29、of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,19,RECEPTORSspiralorgans(螺旋器),,IIcochlear nuclei(蝸n前,后核),,lat. lemniscus (外側(cè)丘系),,III,acoustic radia.(聽(tīng)輻射),內(nèi)囊后肢,CEREBRAL CENTERS transverse temporal gyri (顳橫回),下部,螺

30、旋N節(jié) (蝸神經(jīng)),(斜方體交叉)?,(內(nèi)側(cè)膝狀體) ?,斜方體,I,trapezoid body (斜方體) ?,4. The acoustic pathway (聽(tīng)覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,20,外側(cè)外側(cè)丘系,外側(cè)丘系 lateral lemniscus,,外側(cè)丘系,,,斜方體

31、,前庭神經(jīng)核 vestibular nuclei：在前庭區(qū)深面， 內(nèi)側(cè)核、外側(cè)核、上核、下核。,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,21,Receptorscristae ampullares (壺腹嵴) maculae of utricle & saccule(球

32、橢圓囊斑),II前庭N核,,,med.longit.fasciculus(內(nèi)側(cè)縱束),vestibulospinal tract (前庭脊髓束),,Effectors (效應(yīng)器),inf. cerebellar peduncle(小腦下腳),Cerebellar cortex(小腦皮質(zhì)),,sup. temporal gyrus cortex(顳上回皮質(zhì)),,I,相應(yīng) 神經(jīng),Effectors(效應(yīng)器),vestibula

33、r ganglion (前庭N節(jié)),,III ventral nucleus of thalamus(丘腦腹側(cè)核),III,IV,VI,XI核,5. The equilibratory pathway (平衡覺(jué)傳導(dǎo)通路),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,22,內(nèi)側(cè)縱束 medial longitudinal fasc

34、iculus,前庭脊髓束 vestibulospinal tract,,前庭脊髓束,,內(nèi)側(cè)縱束,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,23,B. The Motor (Descending) Pathways (運(yùn)動(dòng)傳導(dǎo)通路),1. The pyramidal system (錐體系): 1) corticospinal tra

35、ct (皮質(zhì)脊髓束) 2) corticonuclear tract (皮質(zhì)核束)2. The extrapyramidal system (錐體外系),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,24,(內(nèi)囊后肢) ? post.limb of int. Capsule,?大腦腳中3/5,? pyramidal decussa

36、tion(錐體交叉),spinal nn.(脊N),Effectors limbs mm.(四肢肌),spinal nn.(脊N),Effectors trunk mm.(軀干肌),脊髓白質(zhì)前連合?,前角內(nèi)側(cè)核,前角外側(cè)核,85%皮質(zhì)脊髓側(cè)束,15%皮質(zhì)脊髓前束,,,? LOWER MOTOR,UPPER MOTOR中央前回↑2/3旁中央小葉pyramidal cells (錐體細(xì)胞),1

37、. The pyramidal system (錐體系統(tǒng))? 1) Corticospinal Tract (皮質(zhì)脊髓束),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,25,? 1) Corticospinal Tract (皮質(zhì)脊髓束),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical Colle

38、ge, Qingdao University,26,? 2) Corticonuclear Tract (皮質(zhì)核束),(內(nèi)囊膝部) ? genu of internal capsule,?大腦腳中3/5內(nèi)側(cè),? 腦干內(nèi)交叉,Effectors全部頭面肌咽喉肌,Effectors除舌肌,下面肌外全部肌,XII核VII核?1/3外,全部腦干內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)N核除XII和VII下1/3,皮質(zhì)核束雙側(cè)支配,皮質(zhì)核束單側(cè)

39、支配,,? LOWER MOTOR NEURONS ?,相應(yīng)腦N,,,相應(yīng)腦N,UPPER MOTOR NEURONS中央前回?1/3pyramidal cells (錐體細(xì)胞),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,27,Summary of Paralysis of Pyramidal System (錐體系癱瘓小結(jié)),

40、Centres (中樞),Internal capsule(內(nèi)囊),(對(duì)側(cè)單肌群硬癱),(對(duì)側(cè)三偏: 硬癱,痛、溫、本體、精細(xì)觸覺(jué)消失, 視覺(jué)消失),(損傷部位),(癱瘓類別),Brain stem(腦干),Spinal cord(脊髓),Peripheral nn.(周圍神經(jīng)),(交叉性癱瘓: 同側(cè)面肌軟癱,對(duì)側(cè)四肢硬癱),Lat. funiculus(側(cè)索): 同側(cè)傷面以下硬癱,Ant. Horn (前角): 同側(cè)傷平

41、面軟癱),(單肌軟癱,感覺(jué)消失),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,28,2. The Extrapyramidal System (錐體外系),1) Definition: All the somatic motor tracts to skeletal muscles except pyramidal sys

42、tem (除錐體系以外的全部軀體運(yùn)動(dòng)束).2) Functions: a. to regulate the tonicity of the muscles (調(diào)節(jié)肌張力),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,29,The Extrapyramidal System (錐體外系),b. coordinate the mus

43、cular activities (協(xié)調(diào)肌肉活動(dòng)) c. maintain the normal body posture (維持體態(tài)姿勢(shì)) d. produce habitual and rhythmic movements (產(chǎn)生習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,30

44、,3) The corpus striatum-substantia-corpus striatum circuit (system) (紋狀體-黑質(zhì)-紋狀體環(huán)路),Cerebral Cortex frontal lobe (額葉) parietal lobe (頂葉),,Neo-striatum(新皮質(zhì)),紋狀體蒼白球纖維,globus pallidus(蒼白球),,,Int.Caps.內(nèi)囊,ventral ant

45、erior nuc. ventral lateral nucleus(腹前核,腹外側(cè)核),蒼白球丘腦纖維,?caudate nucleus + putamen(尾狀核,殼),皮質(zhì)紋狀體纖維?,Function: feedback regulation (反饋調(diào)節(jié)),Brodmann 4, 6 areas,黑質(zhì),,,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qing

46、dao University,31,4) The cortico-ponto-cerebellar circuit (system) (皮質(zhì)-腦橋-小腦環(huán)路),CEREBRAL CORTEX(額葉,頂葉,顳葉),(Brodmann 4,6),pontine nuc.(腦橋核),cerebellar cortex(小腦皮質(zhì)),dentate nuc.(齒狀核),丘腦腹前核丘腦腹外側(cè)核,red nuc.(紅核),前角運(yùn)動(dòng)核?

47、,EFFECTORSskeletal mm.(屈側(cè)骨骼肌),皮質(zhì)腦橋纖維,小腦中腳,,脊神經(jīng),小腦上腳,,,,內(nèi)囊,紅核脊髓束,,?腦橋臂交叉,結(jié)合臂交叉?,被蓋前交叉?,,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,32,MENINGES & BLOOD VESSELS OF THE BRAIN & SPINAL

48、 CORD; & THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF),A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord (腦和脊髓的被膜)B. The Blood Vessels of the Brain and Spinal Cord (腦和脊髓的血管)C. The Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) (腦脊液循環(huán))D

49、. The Brain Barriers (腦屏障),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,33,A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord,1. ? Meninges of the spinal cord (脊髓的被膜) 1) spinal dura mater (spina

50、l dura) (硬脊膜) a. epidural space (硬膜外隙) b. subdural space (硬膜下隙) [peridural anesthesia 硬膜外麻醉] [extradural tumor 硬膜外腫瘤],Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao Univ

51、ersity,34,A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord,2) spinal arachnoid mater: (脊髓蛛網(wǎng)膜) a. subarachnoid space (蛛網(wǎng)膜下隙) b. terminal cistern (終池) [lumbar puncture 腰椎穿刺] 3) spinal pia mater

52、 (軟脊膜) denticular ligament (齒狀韌帶),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,35,A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical

53、College, Qingdao University,36,A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord,2. Meninges of the brain (腦的被膜) 1) ? cerebral dura mater (硬腦膜) a. cerebral falx (大腦鐮),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical C

54、ollege, Qingdao University,37,B. The Blood Vessels of the Brain,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,38,A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy,

55、 Medical College, Qingdao University,39,,[hernia of tentorial incisure 小腦幕切跡疝],A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord,b. cerebellar tentorium: (小腦幕) tentorial incisure (小腦幕切跡) c. cerebellar falx (小腦鐮)d. d

56、iaphragma sellae (鞍隔),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,40,? e. sinuses of dura mater (硬腦膜竇),sup. sagittal s.(上矢狀竇),inf. sagittal s.(下矢狀竇),straight sin.(直竇),,,confluence of sinus

57、(竇匯),,transverse sin.(橫竇),,,,sig-moidsin.(乙狀竇),int. jugular v. (頸內(nèi)靜脈),Cavernoussinus (海綿竇),,,sup. petrosal sin. (巖上竇),inf. petrosal sin. (巖下竇),,,,[cavernous sinus thrombosis 海綿竇血栓形成],A. The Meninges of the Bra

58、in and Spinal Cord,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,41,A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,42,A. The

59、 Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord,2) ? cerebral arachnoid mater (腦蛛網(wǎng)膜) a. subarachnoid space (蛛網(wǎng)膜下隙),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,43,A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spin

60、al Cord,b. subarachnoid cisterns (蛛網(wǎng)膜下池) i. cerebellomedullary cistern (小腦延髓池) [cisternal puncture 小腦延髓池穿刺] ii. interpeduncular cistern (腳間池) iii. chiasmatic cistern (交叉池),S

61、ystematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,44,A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord,iv. pontine cistern (橋池) v. circular cistern (環(huán)池) c. arachnoid granulations (蛛網(wǎng)膜粒),Systemati

62、c Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,45,A. The Meninges of the Brain and Spinal Cord,3) cerebral pia mater (軟腦膜) choroid plexus (脈絡(luò)叢) [meningitis 腦膜炎],Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy,

63、 Medical College, Qingdao University,46,B. The Blood Vessels of the Brain,1. Arteries of the brain (腦的動(dòng)脈): Volume of blood flow (血流量): 心?腦:15%. 成人: 50-60ml/100g/min 兒童: 96-126 ml/100g/min. O2 co

64、nsumption (耗氧量): 20%.,Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,47,B. The Blood Vessels of the Brain,cortical branches (皮質(zhì)支) 1) ? internal carotid a. (頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈) a. posterior communicati

65、ng a. (后交通動(dòng)脈) b. anterior choroidal a. (脈絡(luò)膜前動(dòng)脈),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,48,B. The Blood Vessels of the Brain,c. anterior cerebral a. (大腦前動(dòng)脈) anterior communicatin

66、g a. (前交通動(dòng)脈) central branches (中央支),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,49,B. The Blood Vessels of the Brain,d. middle cerebral a. (大腦中動(dòng)脈) central branches (中央支) aa.

67、 of lentiform nucleus and corpus striatum (豆?fàn)詈思y狀體動(dòng)脈) (“bleeding a. 出血?jiǎng)用}” ) [cerebrovascular spasm 腦血管痙攣] [cerebrovascular accident 腦血管意外] [cerebral hemorrhage 腦出血] [cerebral embolism 腦血管栓塞],Systematic Anatomy,D

68、ept of Anatomy, Medical College, Qingdao University,50,B. The Blood Vessels of the Brain,2) ? vertebral a. (椎動(dòng)脈) a. anterior spinal a. (脊髓前動(dòng)脈) b. posterior spinal a. (脊髓后動(dòng)脈),Systematic Anatomy,Dept of Anatomy, Medic

69、al College, Qingdao University,51,B. The Blood Vessels of the Brain,c. posterior inferior cerebellar a. (小腦下后動(dòng)脈) d. basilar a. (基底動(dòng)脈) i. anterior inferior cerebellar a. (小腦下前動(dòng)脈) ii. labyrinthine a. (