水質(zhì)

1、中國的水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)統(tǒng)計(jì)表與質(zhì)量賬戶表的銜接 link between China's water quality assessment tables and quality accounts table,Chain Institute of Water Resources and Hydro Researchduxia,內(nèi) 容,一、中國的水質(zhì)監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)體系二、中國的水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì)表三、水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì)表與質(zhì)量賬戶表的銜

2、接,一、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)體系,1.1、水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)的來源 水利系統(tǒng)的水質(zhì)監(jiān)測工作始于1956年，其建立的監(jiān)測網(wǎng)站覆蓋了全國主要的江河湖庫，最大優(yōu)勢(shì)在于與水文站（hydrologic stations）結(jié)合，可做到水生生物（Aquaticbiology）、沉積物（sediment）、水量（water quality）、水質(zhì)（ water quantity）同步監(jiān)測。,1.1、水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)的來源 水質(zhì)監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)體系由水利部、流域（流

3、域直屬）、省及地 市水環(huán)境監(jiān)測中心和分中心四級(jí)組成 ，共有251個(gè)監(jiān)測中心，2600余個(gè)監(jiān)測站。,二、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)體系,二、水利系統(tǒng)水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)的來源,水利部系統(tǒng)地表水環(huán)境監(jiān)測網(wǎng)站,1.2、水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)內(nèi)容1、按河流長度、湖庫面積評(píng)價(jià)水體的水質(zhì)級(jí)別；2、按水功能區(qū)的使用功能(Water function zones )評(píng)價(jià)水功能區(qū)的達(dá)標(biāo)狀況。,水利部定期發(fā)布水質(zhì)信息：《中國水資源公報(bào)》（水質(zhì)部分）《中國水資源質(zhì)量年報(bào)》《全國主要

4、江河重點(diǎn)河段水質(zhì)通報(bào)》《省界水體水環(huán)境質(zhì)量通報(bào)》《重點(diǎn)城市供水水源地水資源質(zhì)量狀況旬報(bào)》,一、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)體系,1.3、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)要求,一、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)體系,1.4、水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)專業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：不同部門的用水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),一、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)體系,1.4、水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)綜合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：不同水體水質(zhì)的管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。,一、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)體系,1.4、水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 通常國家GB3838-2002標(biāo)準(zhǔn),GB3838-2002標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的水質(zhì)分類及水域功能,一、水質(zhì)監(jiān)

5、測評(píng)價(jià)體系,I level —— mainly suitable for the source water, the country natural protection area; II level—— mainly suitable for central living drinking surface water source area first level protection zones, rare and precio

6、us aquatic biological habitat, fishes and shrimps spawning grounds, young juvenile fish feeding ground and so on; III level—— mainly suitable for central living drinking surface water source area secondary level protec

7、tion zones, fishes and shrimps wintering and returning grounds, fishery waters and swimming area and so on; IV level—— mainly suitable for common industral water districts and leisure water districts that contact huma

8、n body non- directly; V level—— mainly suitable for the agricultural water district, irrigations, and common landscapes and so on.,1.4、水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： 通常國家GB3838-2002標(biāo)準(zhǔn),1.5、水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)項(xiàng)目(Quality assessment parameter),,,一、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)體系,1.6

9、、評(píng)價(jià)方法：assessment method根據(jù)應(yīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)的水域功能類別，選取相應(yīng)類別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，進(jìn)行單因子評(píng)價(jià)。 單因子評(píng)價(jià)即根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定的水質(zhì)類別，將某監(jiān)測斷面?zhèn)€水質(zhì)參數(shù)的實(shí)測濃度值與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值進(jìn)行對(duì)比，選取最差水質(zhì)參數(shù)的類別最為該水體的水質(zhì)類別。 According to the waters functions, choosing corresponding quality target, the rule of sin

10、gle gene appraisal is applied.This method always choosing the lowest or most parameter value from a certain set. This rule can be applied at the quality classifications at a monitoring point.,一、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)體系,1.7、評(píng)價(jià)方法：assessm

11、ent method劃分單元河段：為便于對(duì)整個(gè)河流水質(zhì)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，按一定原則劃分單元河段。單元河段濃度平均值的確定方法 ······ (1) ······ (2),式中：Cn——單項(xiàng)參數(shù)i的河段濃度均值，mg/L；

12、M ——單元河段的監(jiān)測斷面數(shù)；Cm——單項(xiàng)參數(shù)i的斷面濃度均值，mg/L； I ——斷面上的測點(diǎn)數(shù)；Ci ——單項(xiàng)參數(shù)i的實(shí)測濃度值，mg/L。,一、水質(zhì)監(jiān)測評(píng)價(jià)體系,2.1、評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果：assessment method水功能區(qū)水質(zhì)狀況評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì)表,二、水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì)表,2.1、評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果：assessment method 河流水質(zhì)狀況評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì)表,二、水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì)表,中國地表水水質(zhì)類別圖,三、水質(zhì)帳戶

13、表的填寫,評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià)參數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)方法,Thank You!,,Table 7.3 can be compiled for the following water resources: lakes, rivers, reservoirs andgroundwater. Two steps are generally used to compile water quality accounts:? Defining quality a