2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題(含答案詳解+作文范文)_第1頁
已閱讀1頁,還剩7頁未讀 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

1、外文翻譯SmallMediumSizeEnterprises:AccesstoFinanceasaGrowthConstraintMaterialSource:JournalofBanking&Finance[J].November2006.volume30Issue11:29312943.Auth:thstenbeckAsliDemirgucKuntIndevelopingcountriesfinancefromfriendsfami

2、lyplayamuchmesignificantrolethanindustrializedcountries.MegenerallySMEsinmanydevelopingcountriesgetaroundmarketfailureslackoffmalinstitutionsbycreatingprivategovernancesystemsinthefmoflongtermbusinessrelationshipstightet

3、hnicallybasedbusinesswks.HoweverthereisvariationinaccesstosuchwksacrossethnicgroupsasdiscussedbyBiggsShah(thisissue).IndianentrepreneursinEastAfricaLebanesefirmsinWestAfricaEuropeanenterprisesinSouthernAfricafmbusinesswk

4、swhosememberslendtoeachotherprovidepersonalreferenceseasetransactionswithaninfmalcontractenfcementsystembasedonreputation.Thesewkshelpovercometheproblemsofasymmetricinfmationweakfmalcontractenfcementsystems.Advantagesofw

5、ksevenextendtonewentrantswhostartouttwiceaslargeintermsofassetsasnewentrantsoutsidetheethnicwksgetimmediateaccesstosuppliercreditwithouthavingtobuildupareputationrelationships(BiggsShah).Whilewkswithprivateinstitutionals

6、upptsystemshelptheirmembersovercomedeficienciesintheireconomiesinstitutionalenvironmenttheyhaveadiscriminatyeffectonnonmemberswhocaneffectivelybeexcludedfrommarketexchanges.Thishasnotonlynegativerepercussionsfequitybutal

7、soprovidesfastaticpatternofbusinessexchangewithlittlecompetitioninnovation.ResultsreptedsofarshowastrongeconomiceffectoffinancialinstitutionaldevelopmentoneasingSMEsfinancingconstraintsonincreasingtheiraccesstofmalsource

8、sofexternalfinance.ButwhatarethepoliciesthatdriveSMEfriendlyfinancialinstitutionaldevelopmentWhatcanpolicymakersdobothintheshtinmediumtolongtermtoeaseSMEsfinancingconstraintsimprovetheiraccesstoexternalfinancingthuslevel

9、ingtheplaying(BergerUdellthisissue).Leasingismostlyfequipmentwhileassetbasedlendingisalsousedfaccountsreceivableinventy.Whileassetbasedlendingusestheunderlyingassetascollateralthelenderlessownstheequipmentinaleasingrelat

10、ionshiprentsittothelessee(brower).Whileassetbasedlendingreliesonasophisticatedefficientlegalsystemwhichmightbethereasonwhyithasasignificantpresenceinonlyfourcountriesleasingdoeslesssosincetheownershipoftheassetpassestoth

11、efinancier.Leasingcanalsohavetaxadvantagesiflesslesseefacedifferentmarginaltaxrates(InternationalFinanceCpation2000).Factinginvolvesthepurchaseofaccountsreceivablebyafinancierknownasthefact.Strictlyspeakingfactingisthusn

12、otalendingtechniquewhichmakesitespeciallyattractiveincountrieswithweaklegalsystems.Italsodoesnotrelyoninfmationaboutthe“brower“butratherontheobligwhichmakesitanattractivefinancinginstrumentfrelativelyopaqueSMEs.Reversefa

13、ctingreliesevenlessoninfmationalinfrastructureasthefactentersintoanagreementwithalargecompanytofinanceaccountsreceivablefromitssmallsuppliers.Klapper(thisissue)illustratestheimptanceoffactingffirmfinancinginmanydevelopin

14、gcountriesdiscussestheexampleoftheNafinreversefactingprograminMexicowhereagovernmentinstitutionprovidesaninterbasedmarketinfrastructuretofacilitateonlinefactingservicestoSMEsuppliers.Finallythebankingmarketstructureregul

15、atypoliciesinfluencingthismarketstructurecanhaveanimptantimpactontheavailabilityofSMEfinancingaswellasinfluencingthenewtechnologiesdiscussedabove(BergerUdellthisissue).Whilealargeshareofsmallbanksdoesnotnecessarilyresult

16、inmeexternalfinancingavailabletosmallfirmsfinancialsystemsdominatedbygovernmentownedbanksseemlesseffectiveinprovidingcredittoSMEs.TheentryoffeignbanksontheotherhismostlyassociatedwithgreaterSMEcreditavailability(ClarkeCu

17、llMartinezPeriaSanchez2003).Fexamplefeignbankscanbringthenecessaryknowhowscaletointroducenewtransactionlendingtechniques.BycompetingwithdomesticbanksflargecpateclientstheycanfcedomesticbankstogodownmarkettocatertoSMEs(de

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 眾賞文庫僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論