2023年全國(guó)碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯譯文一：外文原文原文：原文：WhatMakeaSalarySeemReasonableHighhouseScoot，BrooksLaberMargaretEAlthoughconsiderableresearchattentionhasbeendirectedatunderstingperceptionsofsalaryfairnessverylittleattentionhasbeengiventohowsalaryexp

2、ectationsarefmedhowtrivialelementsofthejobsearchcontextmayinfluencetheseexpectations.Twoexperimentsdemonstratedhowthesimplemanipulationofresponseoptionsfamultiplechoiceitemmayinfluencesubsequentsalaryexpectationssalarysa

3、tisfaction.ResultsarediscussedinlightofParduccis(1995)contextualthey.Ithasbeenrepeatedlyshownthatthewayinwhichaquestionisaskedcaninfluenceperceptionsofwhatisnmal.FexampleHarrisfoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedHowshtwasthebaske

4、tballplayerestimatedlowerheightsthanpeoplewhowereaskedHowtallwasthebasketballplayerSimilarlyLoftusfoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedDoyougetheadachesfrequentlyreptedmeheadachesthanpeopleaskedDoyougetheadachesoccasionallyMerecen

5、tlyNbertSchwarzhiscolleaguesidentifiednumerousexamplesofhowthewdingofsurveyitemscanstronglyimpactselfrepts.FexampleSchwarzreptedresearchshowingthatpeopleclaimedahigherlifesuccesswhenthenumericvaluesofalifesuccessitemrang

6、edfrom5to5thanwhentheyrangedfrom0to10.Hedescribedanotherstudyshowingthatpsychosomaticpatientsreptedsymptomfrequenciesofmethantwiceamonthwhentheitemsresponsescalerangedfromtwiceamonthlesstoseveraltimesperdaybutdidnotdosow

7、henthescalerangedfromnevertomethantwiceamonth.Schwarzsuggestedthatrespondentstosurveysassumethepresentconcernisthefrequencyprinciplewhichisatendencyfpeopletoassignthesamenumberofcontextualrepresentationstoequalsegmentsof

8、thescaleofjudgment.Fexampleiffewerthanonehalfofsalariesavailableintheimmediatecontext(e.g.salariesinclassifiedadvertisements)arebelowaparticularsalarythatsalaryisperceivedtobeinthebottomhalfofthescaleofjudgment.Asanother

9、simpleexampleconsiderasummerjobseekerwhosethreefriendshaveacceptedjobswithhourlyratesof$5$10$11.Anofferof$8.50maybeperceivedtobenearthebottomofsalariesavailableinthemarketbecausetwoofthethreeavailablestrategiesareaboveth

10、atoffereventhoughitisobjectivelyabovethepointofthesalariesofhisfriends.Arelatedphenomenoncalledthealternativeoutcomeseffect(Windschitl&Wells1998)hasbeenobservedfpeoplejudgingthelikelihoodofwinningaraffle.Inonestudypartic

11、ipantswerepresentedwithtwodifferentrafflesinvolving10tickets.InthefirstsituationtheyweretoldYouhold3ticketssevenotherpeopleeachhold1.InthesecondsituationtheyweretoldYouhold3ticketsoneotherpersonholds7.Peoplefeltmuchmecer

12、tainofwinninginthesituationwheretheyheldmeticketsthananyindividualcompetit(31111111)thanwhentheyheldfewertickets(37)despitethefactthattheprobabilityofwinningeitherraffleisthesame.Inboththisexampletheprevioushypotheticals

13、alaryexamplespeopleareinfluencedbythecontextinwhichinfmationispresentedigningtheabsolutevalueofthecurrentsituation.Contextualtheypositsthatwheneventsthatelicithedonicjudgmentsareconcentratedattheupperendpointsoftheircont

14、extstheyelicitgreaterhappinessregardlessoftheabsolutelevelsoftheevents.Thismeansthatanimptantfactinfluencingsatisfactionwithanyparticularoutcomeistheplacementofthatoutcomerelativetootherpossibleoutcomestheproptionofconte

15、xtualrepresentationsbelowthatoutcome.Otherresearchershavealsosuggestedthatreferencepointsarenotcombinedintoasinglecomparisonpoint(Kahneman1992)thatsatisfactionisdeterminedinsteadbytherelativefrequenciesofpositivenegative

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