astronomythe science of the stars課件3

1、成才之路 · 英語,路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版 · 必修3,Astronomy：the science of the stars,Unit 4,第一課時　Warming up & Reading,Unit 4,Ⅰ.單詞速記1．________(n.)系統(tǒng)；體系；制度2．________(n.)學(xué)說；理論3．________(n.)球體，地球儀；地球4．_____________(n.)大氣

2、層；氣氛5．______________(adj.)基本的；基礎(chǔ)的6．________(n.)鏈子；連鎖；鎖鏈7．___________(v.)繁殖；增加；乘8．________(adv.)因此；于是9．________(n.)宗教，宗教信仰→________(adj.)宗教上的,system　theory　globe　atmospherefundamental　chain　multiply　thus　reli

3、gion,religious,10．________(adj.)猛烈的，激烈的；強暴的→__________(n.)暴力→________(adv.)猛烈地；激烈地11．________(prep.)不同；不像→________(prep.)像 12．________(adj.)有害的→________(n.)傷害；損害13．________(vi.)存在；生存→________(n.)存在14．________(vi.)使迷惑

4、；難題；謎→________(adj.)迷惑的→________(adj.)令人迷惑的,violent,violence,violently,unlike,like,harmful,harm,exist,existence,puzzle,puzzled,puzzling,Ⅱ.短語互譯1．in time　　_______________2．lay eggs ________________3．give birth to ____

5、____________4．in one's turn ________________5．阻止；制止 ________________6．對……是基本的/必須的 ________________7．也，和；除了……還…… ________________,及時；終于　下蛋　 產(chǎn)生；分娩　 輪到某人；接著　 prevent...from　

6、 be fundamental to　 as well as,Ⅲ.完成句子1．地球變得激烈動蕩，不知道這個固體形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去。The earth became________________ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. (so... that...如此……以

7、至于……),2．噴出的烈火與巖石及時產(chǎn)生了碳、氮氣、水蒸氣和其他氣體，從而形成了地球的大氣層。They ________________________________ carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which ____________ the earth's atmosphere. (be in time to do sth.及時做某事；be to do st

8、h.常用來表示不可避免將要發(fā)生的事情)3．水對于生命的發(fā)展起關(guān)鍵作用，這一點在當(dāng)時并不明顯。__________water was to be fundamental to the development of life. (It is obvious that...……很明顯),4．很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。________________________________

9、the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (what主語從句＋is that表語從句)5．另一些，被稱作兩棲動物，既可以生活在水中，也能生活在陸地上。Others, ____________________， were able to live on l

10、and ____________in the water.(過去分詞短語作插入語；as well as連接兩個平行結(jié)構(gòu)),答案：1.so violent that　2.were in time to produce; were to make　3.It was not immediately obvious that　4.What many scientists believe is that　5.called amphibians;

11、as well as,Ⅳ.課文理解Step 1　Fast ReadingScan the Passage and then choose the best answers according to the passage.1．What began to appear on the earth's surface when it cooled down?A．Water. 　　　　　　B．Gases.C．Acids.

12、 D．Carbon.,2．From the last paragraph we can infer that the author is________.A．confident B．sadC．concerned D．a(chǎn)ngry3．What does the word “they” refer to in the sentences “It exploded loudly

13、with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and ... ”？A．Planets. B．Stars.C．Gases. D．Fire and rock.,4．Which is the right order of the development

14、 of life?A．Small clever animals→shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals.B．Shellfish→dinosaurs→small clever animals→mammals.C．Shellfish→dinosaurs→mammals→small clever animals.D．Dinosaurs→shellfish→mammals→small clever animals.,5．

15、Why were mammals different from other life forms?A．Because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.B．Because they produced young generally by laying eggs.C．Because they were able to live o

16、n land as well as in the water.D．Because they live on grass.,Step 2　Careful Reading1．Read the passage and write down the main idea of it.The text mainly tells us the________ of the earth and the ________ of life on it

17、.2．Put the order of development of life into a timeline.(1)________　A．Insects and amphibians appeared.(2)________　B．Dinosaurs appeared.(3)________　C．The earth became a solid ball.(4)________　D．Small plants grew on t

18、he water.(5)________　E．Reptiles appeared.,(6)________　F．Plants began to grow on land.(7)________　G．The earth was a cloud of dust.(8)________　H．Water appeared on the earth.(9)________　I．Shellfish and other fish appear

19、ed.(10)_______　J．The universe began with a “Big Bang”．(11)_______　K．Clever animals with hands and feet appeared.(12)_______　L．Mammals appeared.,3．Read the passage and match each paragraph with its main idea.Paragraph

20、 1________　A．How humans appeared and what effects they have caused to the earth.Paragraph 2________　B．Water is very important for life on the earth.Paragraph 3________　C．How the earth formed.Paragraph 4________　D．How

21、the plants and animals on the earth developed.Paragraph 5________　E．It is widely accepted that the universe began with a “Big Bang”．,Step 3　課文內(nèi)容語法填空The __1__(explode) of the earth produced water vapour，which turned int

22、o water when the earth __2__(cool) down. Water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases into the oceans and seas. That made __3__ possible for life to begin to develop. The __4__(arrive) of small plants encouraged the

23、 __5__(develop) of early shellfish and all __6__ of fish. Many millions of years __7__(late) the first green plants began to appear on land. Later land animals appeared.,Some were insects. Others, called amphibians，__8__

24、(be) able to live on land as well as in the water. Finally, some small clever animals appeared and spread all over the earth. But they treat the planet in an __9__(friend) way，and the earth becomes too __10__(pollute)．

25、Step 4 DiscussionWhy were there so many different kinds of animals (amphibians, reptiles, mammals etc. )before human beings appeared?__________________________________________________,答案：Step 1　1～5　ACDCAStep 2　1.form

26、ation; development　2.(1)～(5)JGCHD　(6)～(10)IFAEB　(11)～(12)LK　3.1～5　ECBDAStep 3　1.explosion　2.cooled　3.it　4.arrival　5.development　6.sorts　7.later　8.were　9.unfriendly　10.pollutedStep 4　Possible answer: It obeyed the rule

27、that animals on the earth have been evolved(進(jìn)化) from the primitive(原始的) stage.,1.violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；強暴的①The violent winds buried the village in sand.狂風(fēng)把村子掩埋在沙中。②The struggle became more and more violent.斗爭變得越來越激烈了。

28、,歸納拓展(1)violently adv.猛烈地；兇狠地(2)violence n．暴力，暴行；(感情)強烈violence against暴力對抗……take...by violence搶奪……with violence猛烈地；強有力地①The Emperor，Zhu Di，took the power from his nephew by_violence.皇帝朱棣搶奪了他侄子的權(quán)力。②The soldiers a

29、ttacked the city with_violence.戰(zhàn)士們猛烈攻擊這座城市。,巧學(xué)助記圖文記憶violentTom was in violent pain. As a result, he behaved violently and treated everything with violence.湯姆處于極度痛苦之中，因此他表現(xiàn)得很粗暴，一切都以暴力對待。,,活學(xué)活用句型轉(zhuǎn)換。①They often ar

30、gue with each other, sometimes violently. → They often argue with each other, sometimes ________.用violent的適當(dāng)形式填空。②Last night, the wind blew with ________， and a tree was tore up ________. Another ________ wind is repor

31、ted to come next week.昨晚，風(fēng)刮得很猛，一棵樹被猛烈地連根拔起。據(jù)報道下周會有另一股強風(fēng)來襲。答案：①with violence?、趘iolence; violently; violent,2．unlike prep.不同；不像①Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeare

32、d later.在火星等其他行星上也出現(xiàn)了水，但不像在地球上一樣，這些水后來消失了。②It's unlike him to be late; he's usually on time.他不是會遲到的那種人；他通常很準(zhǔn)時。,歸納拓展(1)It's unlike sb. to do sth.做……不像某人平常的樣子(2)like prep.像，類似(反義詞)v．喜歡(3)unlike adj.不同；相異

33、(4)unlikely adj.不大可能發(fā)生的；未必會發(fā)生的A serious drought，like any other natural disaster，can do great damage to human beings.嚴(yán)重干旱，像其他任何自然災(zāi)害一樣，會對人類造成很大傷害。,易混辨析,活學(xué)活用選詞填空(用dislike/unlike/like)。①It's _____ you not to say hel

34、lo; what's the matter with you?②He ________ drinking, but he ________ smoking.語法填空。③It is ________(like) that he will come to help you soon because he has just gone out.答案：①unlike　②likes; dislikes③unlikely　考查句型I

35、t is likely/unlikely that...。句意：因為他剛剛出去了，所以他不可能很快來幫你。根據(jù)語境，應(yīng)為不可能。,3．harmful adj.有害的①What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the ocea

36、ns and seas.很多科學(xué)家相信，由于地球上長期有水存在，使地球得以把有害氣體和酸性物質(zhì)溶解在海洋里。②The haze，which happened the other day，is harmful to our health.幾天前發(fā)生的霧霾有害于我們的健康。,歸納拓展(1)be harmful to 對……有害(2)harmless adj.無害的；不致傷的be harmless to 對……無

37、害的(3)harm n．傷害do harm to sb./do sb.harm對某人有害Although the owner of this kind of milk powder has said that the milk powder is harmless again and again，it will do great harm to human health in fact.盡管奶粉的主人反復(fù)說這種奶粉無害，但是事

38、實上它對人類健康會帶來極大的危害。,巧學(xué)助記巧記harm家族,活學(xué)活用一句多譯。①到處扔垃圾通常有害于我們的生活環(huán)境。A: Throwing rubbish about usually ______________ our living environment.B：Throwing rubbish about usually ______________ our living environment.語法填空。②Too m

39、uch drinking will do damage________ your health; you should take the doctor's advice.,答案：①does harm to; is harmful to②to　句意：過量飲酒會對你的健康有害。你應(yīng)該聽從醫(yī)生的建議。do harm to“對……有害”，固定搭配。,4．chain n．鏈子，連鎖；鎖鏈①This produced a chain r

40、eaction，which made it possible for life to develop.這就產(chǎn)生了一個連鎖反應(yīng)，使生命的發(fā)展成為可能。②He is in a poor taste with a thick gold chain round his neck.他戴著一條粗粗的金鏈子，顯得俗氣。③The criminals were in chains and brought to the court.罪犯們帶著鐐銬

41、被帶進(jìn)了法庭。,歸納拓展in chains 被囚禁；在囚禁中a chain of 一連串的；一系列的chain store(s) 連鎖店chain vt.用鎖鏈拴住He chained the dog for the night.晚上他用鐵鏈把狗拴起來。,巧學(xué)助記圖文巧解chainMany links can make up a chain.很多鏈環(huán)組成一條鏈子。,,活學(xué)活用完成句子。

42、①________________________ in our town.我們鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生了一連串的變化。②The doors __________________________.那些門總是用鎖鏈鎖著。答案：①A chain of changes have taken place②were always chained,5．exist vi. 存在；生存①They laid eggs too and existed on

43、the earth for more than 140 million years.它們也下蛋，在地球上存在了14 000多萬年。②Strange ideas existed in his mind.他腦子里有一些奇怪的想法。③The rabbit exists on vegetable food.兔子靠植物性食物生活。,歸納拓展(1)exist in存在于……中exist on靠……生活/生存There exists.

44、..某地有……(2)existence n．存在；生活in existence 現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的come into existence＝ begin to exist產(chǎn)生；成立；開始存在These animals long came into existence on the earth.這些動物很早就在地球上存在了。,活學(xué)活用用exist的適當(dāng)用法完成句子。①The patient became seriously

45、ill last week，and he has had to _________ milk ever since.上周這位病人生了重病，從此他只能靠喝牛奶活命。②________ some danger, but knowledge can help human beings to survive.盡管存在危險，但是知識能夠幫助人類存活下來。,句型轉(zhuǎn)換。③The earth began to exist in the univ

46、erse long time ago. →The earth ________ in the universe long time ago.答案：①exist on?、赥here exists　③came into existence,6．puzzle (a)n.謎；難題①How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found har

47、d to solve.地球上的生命是如何起源的是科學(xué)家們最難以解答的問題之一。②I'm in a puzzle as to what to do next.對于下一步該做什么我也不知道。,(b)vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難These scientists have been puzzling about how to solve the environmental problem.科學(xué)家們一直苦思如何

48、解決這個環(huán)境問題。,歸納拓展(1)be in a puzzle 感到困惑；不知如何是好(2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(3)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的(4)puzzled adj.迷惑的be puzzled about 對……迷惑不解The students over there are puzzled about the puzzling question.在那里的

49、學(xué)生們正對這個令人迷惑的問題感到困惑。,活學(xué)活用完成句子。①The student __________________ what to do next.這個學(xué)生對下一步做什么傷透了腦筋。②Their reason for doing that is still ________________ me.他們?yōu)槭裁醋瞿羌氯匀蛔屛屹M解。,語法填空。③Seeing the bad results of the exams，she

50、 was rather frustrated and felt ________(puzzle) about her future.答案：①was puzzled about　②a puzzle to③puzzled　句意：看著這糟糕的考試成績，她相當(dāng)沮喪，對未來感到迷惘。feel puzzled about“對……感到迷惑/迷惘”。,7．a(chǎn)tmosphere (n.)(1)(圍繞地球的)大氣；大氣層；大氣圈The first&

51、#173;stage vehicle is used to launch the rocket and is then jettisoned in the upper atmosphere.第一級運載裝置是用來發(fā)射火箭的， 進(jìn)入高層大氣后即拋掉。 (2)[C](房間、封閉空間或某處的)空氣 These plants love warm, humid atmosphere.這些植物喜歡溫暖潮濕的空氣。(3)[C & U]

52、 氣氛； 氛圍The atmosphere changed as soon as she walked in.她一進(jìn)來氣氛就變了。,活學(xué)活用語法填空The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks ________ a friendly atmosphere.答案：in　句意：兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在非常友好的氛圍里談話。,8.in time(1) 來得及；及時①If you

53、 catch the early bus, you'll get there in time.如果你趕上早班車，你會及時到達(dá)那兒的。②Will we be in time for the six o'clock train?我們來得及趕上六點鐘的那趟火車嗎？③The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident.汽車及時停下，避免了一場車禍。,(2

54、)(＝sooner or later)經(jīng)過一段時間之后；遲早；最后；終于①Keep on working, and you'll succeed in time.繼續(xù)工作，你早晚會成功的。②They learned to accept their step­mother in time.過了一段時間，他們終于學(xué)會了接受他們的繼母。,歸納拓展for the first time首次ahead of time提

55、前all the time一直；始終at the same time同時；然而at a time依次；逐一；每次in no time立刻；馬上from time to time偶爾；間或at one time曾經(jīng)；一度at times有時；偶爾,活學(xué)活用完成句子。①We all wish that his dream ________________________.我們都希望他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)。一句多譯。②

56、盡管只剩下一分鐘，但是我仍然趕上了聽他的演講。a．Even though there was only one minute left，I______________.b．Even though there was only one minute left，I___________________________.,語法填空。③(2013·陜西改編)The manager wants to see changes in

57、the company, and I am sure he will ________time.④—Thank God you're safe!—I stepped back, just in time ________ (avoid) the racing car.答案：①would come true in time?、赼. was in time for his lecture　b. was in time to l

58、isten to his lecture③in　句意：經(jīng)理想看看公司的變化，我相信他遲早會看到的。in time及時，遲早，最終。④to avoid　句意：……我退后了一步，正好避開了奔跑的汽車。in time to do sth.正趕上做某事。,9．in one's turn 輪到某人；接著Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on

59、the planet.它們的時代到來了，因此它們成了這個行星上最重要的動物。,歸納拓展in turn 依次，輪流，逐個；相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而take turns in sth./take turns to do sth.輪流做某事It's one's turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事by turns 輪流；交替①The students took turns to clean up the

60、ir classroom.學(xué)生們輪流打掃教室。②We did the work by turns.我們輪流做這項工作。,名師點撥by turns是“交替”“輪流”的意思，多指兩個人或兩個行為之間的交替進(jìn)行，如表示“按順序”則應(yīng)該用in turn。,活學(xué)活用填入恰當(dāng)?shù)挠嘘P(guān)turn的短語。①那些女孩逐一報名。The girls called out their names ________.②我們輪流讀這首詩。We rea

61、d the poem ________.③我們輪流做家務(wù)。We __________________________ do the housework.④輪到他發(fā)言了。It's ________________________ make a speech.答案：①in turn　②by turns　③take turns to?、躧is turn to,10．prevent...from 阻止；制止①They are

62、 putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.它們把太多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中，這就使得熱量不能從地球上散發(fā)到太空中去。②The rain prevented us(from) starting on a trip.這場雨阻礙了我們出發(fā)去旅游。,活學(xué)

63、活用改錯。①Nothing could prevent him to sail round the world alone.___________________________________________②The plan can be prevented being carried out.________________________________________________答案：①to sail→from

64、 sailing/sailing　②being carried out→from being carried out,11．lay eggs 下蛋①Most fish reproduce themselves by laying eggs.大多數(shù)魚靠產(chǎn)卵繁殖。②The duck laid ten eggs this month.這只鴨子這個月下了十枚蛋。歸納拓展lay off 解雇lay down 放下；躺下,易混辨析,活

65、學(xué)活用語法填空。①The boy ________(lie) under the tree lied to his friends that his cock ________(lay) eggs.答案：lying; laid　lie (lied，lied)“說謊”；lie (lay，lain)“躺，平臥”；lay (laid，laid)“放置，下蛋”。句意：躺在樹下的那個男孩向他的朋友撒謊說他的公雞下蛋了。②He fell a

66、sleep with a book ________(lie) open on his knee.答案：lying　lie(lied，lied，lying)“說謊”；lie(lay，lain，lying)“躺，平臥；位于”；lay(laid，laid，laying)“放置；下蛋”。book和lie之間是主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補。,12．give birth to 生產(chǎn)；分娩①She gave birth to a fine he

67、althy baby.她生了個漂亮健康的嬰兒。②Every year many women go to Hong Kong to give birth to their babies.每年許多婦女到香港去生孩子。歸納拓展by birth 天生地；在血統(tǒng)上；生來at birth 出生時；一出生,17活學(xué)活用用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。①My son weighed 3.750 grams ________ birth.②Micha

68、el Jackson was said to be African ________ birth.③Mrs Green gave birth ________ twins the other day.答案：①at?、赽y　③to,13.The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球變得激烈動蕩，不知道這

69、個固體形狀是否會繼續(xù)存在下去。(1)此句為主從復(fù)合句。句中that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。在結(jié)果狀語從句中it作形式主語，whether...or not為一個從句，在句中作真正的主語。,(2)so...that...“如此……以至于……”；It is/was not clear whether從句“不知道是否……；不清楚是否……”。①The scenery here is so beautiful that it attracts ma

70、ny tourists from the whole world every year.這里的風(fēng)景如此的美，每年都吸引很多來自世界各地的游客。②The story is so moving that the readers are moved on reading it.這個故事非常感人，一讀到它讀者們都被感動了。③It is not clear whether the trees can survive or not.這些樹