版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
1、空中防撞系統(tǒng)TCAS,中國民航大學(xué)電子信息工程學(xué)院,Contents,Introduction to TCAS Function of TCAS TCAS Aler Area TCAS Information Principle of TCAS TCAS Components TCAS Interface TCAS Signal formats TCAS Display,TCAS概述,TCAS I能夠偵測上下7000
2、至10000呎,前后15至40海里,發(fā)現(xiàn)有航機(jī)接近時,會提前40秒警告飛行員對方飛機(jī)的高度和位置。第二代空中防撞系統(tǒng)(TCAS II),是目前最被廣泛使用的,會用聲音及顯示警告飛行員,稱為Resolution Advisory (RA),并且會用語音指示避撞的動作,例如:“Climb!Climb!Climb!”“Descend!Descend!Descend!”。別架飛機(jī)若有裝TCAS,也會有相反的警告發(fā)出來。第三代空中防撞系統(tǒng)(T
3、CAS III),除了有上下避撞措施之外,還增加左右避撞能力。Honeywell公司是唯一一家生產(chǎn)所有類型TCAS的制造商,超過一半的TCAS產(chǎn)品都是出自該公司。 ICAO: the carriage of ACAS II has been mandatory worldwide from 1-1-2005 for all civilian turbine-engined aircraft carrying more than 1
4、9 passengers or with the maximum take-off mass more than 5700 kg,TCAS Function,TCAS Information,根據(jù)入侵機(jī)的相對距離和方位,以及威脅等級在EHSI 或EADI上顯示視覺信息:Others (其它):相對高度大于1200英尺、小于2700英尺,或距離在6海里以上。Proximity (接近):相對高度等于或小于1200英尺,且距離在6海里以
5、內(nèi)。Traffic Advisory (交通咨詢):系統(tǒng)判明的與本機(jī)存在潛在危險接近的飛機(jī),TCASⅡ會提前一定時間(20~48秒)發(fā)出交通咨詢。音頻Resolution Advisory (決斷咨詢):在對已判明為交通咨詢的飛機(jī)連續(xù)監(jiān)視約15秒后,如果該機(jī)與本機(jī)危險接近的狀況仍然存在,則TCAS會發(fā)出解脫咨詢。,TCAS Information,TCAS Information,TCAS Information,TCAS Info
6、rmation,TCAS Information,TCAS Information,TCAS Information,語音信息 含義TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC 交通,交通CLIMB, CLIMB
7、 爬升,爬升DESCEND ,DESCEND 下降,下降INCREASE CLIMB… INCREASE CLIMB 增大爬升,增大爬升INCREASE DESCEND… INCREASE DESCEND 增大下降,增大下降CLIMB,CROSSING C
8、LIMB… CLIMB,CROSSING CLIMB 爬升,穿越爬升…爬升,穿越爬升DESCEND ,CROSSING DESCEND… 下降,穿越下降… CLIMB, CLIMB NOW… CLIMB, CLIMB NOW 爬升,現(xiàn)在爬升…爬升,現(xiàn)在爬升DESCEND, DESCEND NOW… DESCEND , DESCEND NOW 下降,現(xiàn)在下降…下降,現(xiàn)在
9、下降A(chǔ)DJUST VERTICAL SPEED, ADJUST 調(diào)節(jié)垂直速度,調(diào)節(jié)MORNITOR VERTICAL SPEED 監(jiān)視垂直速度MAINTAIN VERTICAL SPEED, MAINTAIN 保持垂直速度,保持MAINTAIN VERTICAL SPEED
10、…CROSSING MAINTAIN 保持垂直速度…保持穿越CLEAR OF CONFLICT 沖突解除TCAS TEST TCAS 自檢TCAS TEST OK TCAS自檢通過TCAS TEST FAIL TCAS自檢失敗,TCAS Information,TCAS Al
11、ert Area,TCAS Alert Area,TCAS Principle,TCAS Principle,TCAS Principle,TCAS Principle,TCAS Principle,TCAS Principle,Horizontal test: time to reach the Closest Point of Approach (CPA)(or "DMOD" distance if the cl
12、osure rate is low)Vertical test:time to reach co-altitude (or "ZTHR" if the aircraft are steady)The TA/RA threshold values increase with the altitudeThe bearing is not taken into account (only used for th
13、e display)The TA or RA is issued depending upon the relevant thresholdsRA sense selection: objective of safe vertical distance "ALIM", co-ordinationIf the intruder does not transmit its altitude, there will
14、be no RA,TCAS Principle,ILLUSTRATION OF THE HORIZONTAL TEST,,35 seconds,Intruder,TCAS,The collision avoidance criterion is a generally a time parameter,TCAS Principle,LOW CLOSURE RATE,,,Air speed,,,Closure rate,Air speed
15、,Intruder,TCAS,The closure rate can be low even if the air speeds are high.,TCAS Principle,VERTICAL TEST,,35 seconds,Intruder,TCAS,The time remaining to co-altitude is compared to triggering time threshold (here 35 secon
16、ds),In case of steady aircraft, current vertical distance is compared to vertical threshold ZTHR (e.g. 800ft),TCAS Principle,ALERTS: "TRAFFIC ADVISORY",Thresholds:horizontal:20 to 48 s (or DMOD = 0.3 to 1.3 N
17、M) vertical:20 to 48 s (or ZTHR = 850 or 1,200 ft)Aural annunciation: "Traffic, traffic”Intruder: solid amber circleHelps to the visual acquisition of the intruderPrepares the crew for a possible RANo maneuve
18、r should be made if there is no visual acquisitionNo associated phraseology,TCAS Principle,ALERTS: "RESOLUTION ADVISORY",Thresholds:horizontal:15 to 35 s (or DMOD = 0.2 to 1.1 NM) vertical:15 to 35 s (or Z
19、THR = 600 to 800 ft)Aural annunciations: "climb", "descend", "increase climb", "increase descent", "monitor vertical speed", etcDisplay of a range of vertical speeds or
20、 pitches to avoidObjective: a safe vertical distance ALIM varying from 300 to 700 ftAn RA takes into account all existing threatsThe RA intensity is checked and revised, if necessary, every second,TCAS Principle,THRES
21、HOLD VALUES FOR TCAS II V7.0,* vtt: vertical threshold test (processing of 1,000-ft level off geometries),TCAS Principle,RA SENSE SELECTION,The 'downward' sense will achieve ALIM, the 'upward' sense will
22、not.The 'downward' option is therefore selected,TCAS Principle,RA WITHOUT ALTITUDE CROSSING,Both 'downward' and 'upward' senses will achieve ALIM. The 'upward' sense is selected because i
23、t prevents the TCAS aircraft from crossing through the intruder's altitude,TCAS Principle,RA WITH ALTITUDE CROSSING,The upward sense is not sufficient to achieve ALIM. The downward sense ("Crossing descent"
24、 here) RA is choosen, however it is really issued only when the current vertical separation is less than 600 ft (intruder steady) or 850 ft (intruder evoluting toward the own aircraft). All these cases are rare.,TCAS Pri
25、nciple,INCREASE RATE RA,The threat increase its descent rate towards TCAS aircraft after the initial “descent” RA is issued,TCAS Principle,RA REVERSAL,TCAS Principle,MODE C TARGET ON-THE-GROUND DETERMINATION,TCAS Princip
26、le,POSSIBLE INITIAL RAs,,,TCAS Principle,TCAS System Architecture,TCAS System Architecture,TCAS System Architecture,S模式應(yīng)答機(jī)TCAS計(jì)算機(jī)天線顯示器控制板,,TCAS System Architecture,TCAS的方向性天線,TCAS System Architecture,TCAS天線的方向性,TCAS
27、System Architecture,TCAS 計(jì)算機(jī),TCAS System Architecture,TCAS 計(jì)算機(jī)的基本功用,監(jiān)視鄰近空域中的飛機(jī);獲取所跟蹤飛機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù);進(jìn)行威脅評估計(jì)算;產(chǎn)生交通咨詢或決斷咨詢等。,TCAS System Architecture,ATC/TCAS控制面板,TCAS System Architecture,控制面板,TCAS System Architecture,TCAS Syst
28、em Architecture,控制面板,TCAS Interface,TCAS Interface,TCAS Interface,TCAS計(jì)算機(jī)通過ARINC數(shù)據(jù)總線與S模式應(yīng)答機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)交換。S模式應(yīng)答機(jī)通過一條ARINC 429數(shù)據(jù)總線,將有關(guān)信息輸往TCAS計(jì)算機(jī);TCAS計(jì)算機(jī)則利用另一條ARINC 429數(shù)據(jù)總線,將有關(guān)信息輸往S模式應(yīng)答機(jī)。S模式應(yīng)答機(jī)輸送給TCAS計(jì)算機(jī)的信息中,包括由大氣數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)獲得的高度
29、信息、來自控制面板的各種信息等。TCAS計(jì)算機(jī)與控制面板的信號交連XPNDR/TCAS控制面板對TCAS計(jì)算機(jī)的模式等控制信息,是通過S模式應(yīng)答機(jī)再輸送給TCAS計(jì)算機(jī)的。飛機(jī)的24位地址碼由應(yīng)答機(jī)上的程序銷釘輸入應(yīng)答機(jī)。,TCAS Interface,EFIS控制面板對TCAS顯示的控制(1)EHSI的工作模式(NAV、VOR/ILS、MAP )(2)TFC按鈕(3)距離選擇(小距離:5、10、20)TCAS與EFIS
30、顯示器之間的信號交連 TCAS輸出的視覺信息,輸往兩部EFIS的符號發(fā)生器,然后再分別輸往EHSI和EADI顯示。 此外,EHSI和EADI顯示器必須將其狀態(tài)信息輸送給TCAS計(jì)算機(jī),以便TCAS計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)生交通咨詢和解脫咨詢等信息。,TCAS Interface,無線電高度信息輸入TCAS在避撞計(jì)算中必須利用無線電高度信息。兩部無線電高度表輸出的數(shù)字式高度信息,通過ARINC 429數(shù)據(jù)總線輸送給TCAS計(jì)算機(jī)。航
31、向信息輸入航向信息是確定本機(jī)飛行軌跡的必要參數(shù)。數(shù)字式航向信息通過ARINC 429數(shù)據(jù)總線輸送給TCAS計(jì)算機(jī)。大氣數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算機(jī)信息輸入 大氣數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)生的有關(guān)本機(jī)的高度、速度、升降速度等信息,通過ARINC 429數(shù)據(jù)總線輸入TCAS計(jì)算機(jī)。L波段設(shè)備的互抑制 飛機(jī)上的兩部應(yīng)答機(jī)、兩部測距機(jī)和TCAS均工作于L波段。為避免相互干擾,同一時刻只應(yīng)有一部處于發(fā)射狀態(tài)。在五部L波段設(shè)備中的一部開始發(fā)射之前,
32、產(chǎn)生一個寬度為28μs的外抑制波門加到其它L波段設(shè)備,以避免其它L波段設(shè)備進(jìn)入發(fā)射狀態(tài),并保護(hù)其接收設(shè)備。來自近地警告系統(tǒng)的抑制信號 近地警告系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生的“低于下滑道”、“拉起”和“風(fēng)切變”警告信息的優(yōu)先權(quán)高于TCAS的咨詢信息,所以,在近地警告系統(tǒng)發(fā)出上述三種警告信號時,會抑制TCAS輸出交通咨詢和解脫咨詢。,TCAS Signal Format,Mode C only interrogation,TCAS Signal For
33、mat,Whisper-shout interrogation,Remark:用來防止同步串?dāng)_的一種方案。,TCAS Signal Format,Whisper-shout interrogation,TCAS Signal Format,Whisper-shout interrogation,TCAS Signal Format,Mode S interrogation,TCAS Signal Format,Mode S interr
34、ogation,數(shù)據(jù)脈沖P6包含6~7個數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)。每個數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)的位數(shù)示于圖中;各數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)的內(nèi)容如下:第一區(qū)為數(shù)據(jù)子標(biāo)號,5位,用于表明本詢問信號的格式; AP:地址/奇偶校驗(yàn);AQ:特殊詢問;DI:識別符;MA:公共A信息;MU:公共U信息;PC:協(xié)議;RL:應(yīng)答長度;RR:應(yīng)答請求;SD:特殊符。,TCAS Signal Format,Mode S interrogation,數(shù)據(jù)脈沖P6包含6~7個數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)。第一區(qū)為數(shù)據(jù)子標(biāo)號,5位,用于
35、表明本應(yīng)答信號的格式;AA:通告的地址;AC:高度碼;AP:地址/奇偶校驗(yàn);CA:應(yīng)答機(jī)的能力;DR:下行鏈請求;FS:飛行狀態(tài);ID:識別碼;MB:公共B信息;MV:公共V信息;PI:奇偶/詢問識別;RI:空-空應(yīng)答信息;SL靈敏度等級;UM:公用信息;VS:垂直狀態(tài)。,TCAS Display,The pilot must manoeuvre the aircraft to comply with the specified ver
36、tical speed (here: -1500 fpm),TCAS Display,The pilot acts on the aircraft pitch,TCAS Display,TCAS Display,TCAS Display,TCAS Display,TCAS Display,GLOSSARY,TCASTraffic Collision Avoidance SystemACASAirborne Collision
37、Avoidance SystemICAOInternational Civil Aviation OrganizationTATraffic AdvisoryRAResolution AdvisorySSRSecond Surveillance RadarATCAir Traffic ControlNAVNavigationAGLAbove Ground LevelRTCARadio
38、Technical Commission for AeronauticsVMCVisual Meteorological ConditionsIMCInstrument Meteorological ConditionsCPAClosest Point of ApproachDMODDistance MODificationALIMAltitude LimitCASCollision Avoidanc
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 眾賞文庫僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- 空中交通防撞算法的研究.pdf
- 空中交通警戒與防撞系統(tǒng)tcas2的原理簡介
- 空中防撞與近地告警綜合系統(tǒng)研究.pdf
- 空中交通管理風(fēng)險分析系統(tǒng).pdf
- 空中交通管制
- 空中交通管理
- 空中交通擁堵機(jī)理分析研究系統(tǒng)
- 現(xiàn)代空中交通管理系統(tǒng)的研究.pdf
- 空中交通管理系統(tǒng)安全化研究.pdf
- 空中交通流運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性初探.pdf
- 空中列車及大溫哥華地區(qū)綜合交通系統(tǒng)
- 新航行系統(tǒng)及空中交通管理研究.pdf
- 空中交通流量優(yōu)化管理
- 建立高可用性空中交通管制系統(tǒng).pdf
- 空中交通管理安全預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的研究.pdf
- 民航空中交通管理系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)化研究.pdf
- A4 防撞圈.dwg
- 北京首都國際機(jī)場空中交通容量評估系統(tǒng).pdf
- A4 防撞圈.dwg
- A4 防撞圈.dwg
評論
0/150
提交評論