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1、外文資料翻譯資料來源文章名：Aunifiedframewkfpeakdetectionalignment:applicationtoHRMAS2DNMRspectroscopyAudiowatermarkingrobustagainstDAADconversions書刊名：《SignalImageVideoProcessing》《EURASIPJournalonAdvancesinSignalProcessing》作者：Rumbachl

2、、jpcotArmspachShijunXiang出版社：Springer，2011章節(jié)：Volume7Issue5頁碼：pp.833842文章譯名：名：峰值檢測系統(tǒng)姓名：學號：指導教師(職稱)：副教授email:troductionIntroductionInthelastdecadecancerhasbecometheleadingcauseofdeathfpeopleundertheageof85[1].AccdingtotheA

3、mericanCancerSocietyatotalof1479350cancercases562340deathsfromcancerwereoccurredintheUnitedStatesin2009[1].Generallytumsareidentifiedaccdingtohistologicalfeaturesacteristicoftheassumedcellofigin.Neverthelessdiagnosisisfr

4、equentlycontroversialsincetumsdonotfollowclassichistologyenablingpathologicaldiagnosistobeestablished.Therefeanobjectivediagnosticapproachthatidentifiesinfmativecancerbiomarkersisneededtoimprovethetumidentificationaccura

5、cy.NMRspectroscopycanbeusedtoprovidestatisticallydifferentiablemolecularbiomarkersftumidentification[2].IndeedNMRoffersthepotentialtostudymolecularstructurestheirassociationsinteractions.Toremovethespectrallinebroadening

6、resultingfromchemicalshiftanisotropyintheNMRspectroscopytheHighResolutionMagicAngleSpinning(HRMAS)NMRwasdeveloped[3].2D1H–13CHeteronuclearSingleQuantumCoherence(HSQC)NMRspectraiswidelyusedinmetabolicstudies.Indeedalmostm

7、etabolitescontaincarbonhydrogentheadditionofaseconddimension(13C1H)improvestheresolutionenablestheidentificationofalargenumberofmetabolitesthatarenotresolvableinastard1D1H1D13CNMRspectrum.Neverthelessthisspectrumanalysis

8、requiresnewimageprocessingtoolsabletodetectthepresenceofdifferentmetabolitesina2Dnewframewk.Suchtoolsneedtobeunsupervisedtohelpmedicaldiagnosis.Theanalysisofmetaboliteprofilingrequirescomparisonofmetaboliteprofilesobtain

9、edfrommultiplereplicatesofsamplesexposedtodifferentexperimentalconditions.Whataddsdifficultytoautomatingthisanalysisprocessisthateachopeakagivenmetabolitecanbeshiftedslightlyfromonesampletothenext.Theprimarycausesofchemi

10、calshiftinpeakpositionsarevariationsinthepHthetemperatureofthesample[4].Manypeakalignmentmethodshavebeenusedtosolveproblemsof1DNMRspectroscopy[4]suchasthepointmatching[5]theBeamsearch[6].Neverthelessduetothecomplexitythe

11、insufficientpriknowledgeontheNMRHRMASspectrathesemethodsarenomeeffectivetothisendanewmethodofpeakalignmentwasproposedin[4].Itconsistsintheextractionofallmetabolitesthenmeasuresthesimilaritybetweenpeaksfromdifferentspectr

12、abasedonanobjectivefunction.Howeveralthoughthismethodissuccessfullyappliedto2DNMRitsuseisconstrainedbyspecificprerequisites(e.g.itrequirestheidentificationtheextractionofallpeaksfthealignmentalgithmwhicharenotalwaysavail

13、ableinthehighlycomplexspectrasuchasHSQCspectrum).Inthispaperweproposeanewmethodabletosimultaneouslydetectaligndifferentpeaks.Inthisapproacheachpeakisparameterizedbyitspositionitsshape.Theseacteristicsthataretheeticallyin

14、variablefthesamemetaboliteareinpracticecruptedbyavariationofthepositionshape.Infactitcrespondstoanimprecisionwhichisaddedtothespectrainpractice.WewillmodelthisimprecisiontheuncertaintyalwayspresentontheobservedHRMAS2Ddat

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