商務(wù)英語(yǔ)文章(帶中文翻譯)

1、（一）WldeconomyThejobscrisis失業(yè)危機(jī)It’scomingwhatevergovernmentsdobuttheycanmakeitbetterwse不論政府如何努力，失業(yè)危機(jī)已經(jīng)到來(lái)。不過(guò)政府可以在這場(chǎng)危機(jī)中起到關(guān)鍵作用IllustrationbyBelleMellNOTHINGevokesthemiseryofmassunemploymentmethanthephotographsoftheDepression

2、.Youcanseeitinthedrawnfacesofthemenintheirshabbyclothesintheireyes.Theirdespairspawnedpoliticalextremismthatleftastainonsocietybutitalsotaughtsubsequentgenerationsthatpublicpolicyhasavitalpartinalleviatingthesufferingoft

3、hosewhocannotgetwk.Thankstowelfareschemesunemploymentbenefitsmanyofwhichhavetheiriginsinthosedarkdaysjoblessnessnolongerplungespeopleintodestitutionatleastinthedevelopedwld.再?zèng)]有什么比關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條的照片更能讓人體會(huì)大量失業(yè)的痛苦。這種痛苦顯見(jiàn)于人們緊繃的面容，襤褸

4、的衣衫，還有他們的眼神。由人們的絕望所引發(fā)的政治極端主義給社會(huì)留下污點(diǎn)；失業(yè)問(wèn)題也使后人懂得公共政策在減輕失業(yè)痛苦方面所起到的重要作用。很多福利計(jì)劃和失業(yè)救濟(jì)金方案都發(fā)軔于那些灰暗的失業(yè)時(shí)期；受惠于這些計(jì)劃，至少發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的人們不再因?yàn)槭I(yè)而陷入窮困。Noteventhegloomiestpredictthattoday’sslumpwillapproachtheseverityoftheDepressionwhichshrankAmer

5、ica’seconomybymethanaquarterputaquarterofthewkingagepopulationoutofajob.Butwiththewldinitsdeepestrecessionsincethe1930sglobaltradeshrinkingatitsfastestpacein80yearsthemiseryofmassunemploymentloomsnohelessraisesthebigques

6、tionposedintheDepression:whatshouldgovernmentsdo即使是最悲觀的預(yù)計(jì)都不認(rèn)為眼下的衰退會(huì)接近大蕭條的程度，后者使美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)縮水四分之一，四分之一的就業(yè)人口失去工作。但隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)出現(xiàn)自1930年代以來(lái)的最大幅度衰退以及全球貿(mào)易80年來(lái)的最快速萎縮，大規(guī)模失業(yè)的惡魘再度凸顯，并且拋出了和大蕭條時(shí)期一樣的大問(wèn)題：政府應(yīng)該做些什么？Jointhequeue加入失業(yè)隊(duì)伍Intherichwldthej

7、oblossesarestarkestinAmericawheretherecessionbegan.Itsflexiblelabourmarkethasshed4.4mjobssincethedownturnbeganinDecember2007includingmethan600000ineachofthepastthreemonths.Theunemploymentratejumpedto8.1%inFebruarythehigh

8、estinaquartercentury.AnAmericanwholoseshisjobtodayhaslessofachanceoffindinganotheronethanatanytimesincerecdsbeganhalfacenturyago.Thatisespeciallywryingwhenthefinancesofmanyhouseholdshavecometodependontwofullincomes.富裕國(guó)家的

9、失業(yè)問(wèn)題在衰退肇始的美國(guó)最為顯著。自從07年12月經(jīng)濟(jì)陷入低迷以來(lái)，美國(guó)靈活的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)溢出了440萬(wàn)份失業(yè)，其中在過(guò)去三個(gè)月內(nèi)每月產(chǎn)生了60萬(wàn)份。二月的失業(yè)率躍升至8.1%，是25年來(lái)的最高數(shù)字。比起有紀(jì)錄的半個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)的任何時(shí)期，眼下失業(yè)的美國(guó)人更難再找到一份工作。特別是當(dāng)很多家庭的財(cái)政依靠雙職工收入的時(shí)候，這種情況尤其令人堪憂(yōu)。Butitisalreadyclearthatunemploymentwillstrikehardfa

10、rbeyondAmericaBritain.InJapanoutputisplungingfasterthaninotherricheconomies.AlthoughunemploymentislowrapidjoblossesamongJapan’sarmyoftemparywkersareexposingtheunfairnessofatwotierlabourmarketstraininganegalitariansociety

11、.然而顯而易見(jiàn)的是，失業(yè)問(wèn)題的沉重打擊遠(yuǎn)不止于美國(guó)和英國(guó)。日本的生產(chǎn)量比其他富裕經(jīng)濟(jì)體下降得更快。盡管失業(yè)率尚低，但臨時(shí)工當(dāng)中快速增長(zhǎng)的失業(yè)大軍顯示了“雙層勞工市場(chǎng)”的不公平性，加劇了一個(gè)平等社會(huì)中的緊張。內(nèi)存在。即便經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退很快結(jié)束（而且?guī)缀醪豢赡馨l(fā)生），引起這場(chǎng)危機(jī)的陰云——資金短缺和過(guò)度借貸——將在接下來(lái)繼續(xù)籠罩世界經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)年。更有甚者，不論是西班牙的砌磚匠還是華爾街的交易員，很多昔日的就業(yè)崗位會(huì)一去不復(fù)返。人們將被迫告別現(xiàn)有職

12、位，轉(zhuǎn)行進(jìn)入新崗位。Adifficultdance艱難的舞步OverthenextcoupleofyearspoliticianswillhavetoperfmadifficultpolicyUturnfinthelongtermtheyneedflexiblelabourmarkets.Thatwillmeanabolishingjobsubsidyprogrammestakingawayprotectedwkers’privileg

13、esmakingiteasierfbusinessestorestructurebylayingpeopleoff.CountriessuchasJapanwithtwotierwkfcesinwhichanarmyoftemparywkerswithfewprotectionstoilalongsidemollycoddledfolkwithmanywillneedtonarrowthatdisparitybymakingthelat

14、tereasiertofire.在接下來(lái)的幾年中，政治家們不得不做出一個(gè)180度的艱難政策轉(zhuǎn)變：因?yàn)閺拈L(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來(lái)看，他們需要一個(gè)靈活的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)。這意味著廢除工作補(bǔ)貼計(jì)劃，去除受保護(hù)勞工的特權(quán)，以及幫助企業(yè)更方便地裁員從而進(jìn)行重組。像日本這樣具有雙層勞動(dòng)力結(jié)構(gòu)的國(guó)家，大量埋頭苦干的臨時(shí)勞工缺乏就業(yè)保障，而被嬌生慣養(yǎng)的上層員工卻能享受到多重保護(hù)。這種差別需要通過(guò)嚴(yán)格上層員工的裁汰制度加以消除。Theeuphemismfthatis“flexi

15、bility”.Thebaretruthisthatthemeeasilyjobscanbedestroyedthemeeasilynewonescanbecreated.Theprogrammesthathelptodaybykeepingpeopleinexistingjobswilltomrowbecomeadragonthegreatadjustmentthatliesahead.Astimegoesbyspendingonke

16、epingpeopleinoldjobswillneedtobecutreplacedwithspendingontrainingthemfnewones.Governmentswillhavetoswitchfrompoliciestosupptdemtopoliciestomaketheirlabourmarketsmeflexible.Thatisgoingtorequirefancypoliticalfootwkbutpolit

17、icianswillhavetoperfmthosestepsbecauseiftheyfailtotheywillstiflegrowth.這些措施可以委婉地概括為“靈活性”措施。更直白的事實(shí)是，現(xiàn)有工作越容易被廢棄，新工作就越容易被創(chuàng)造。眼下這些保住人們飯碗的援助計(jì)劃會(huì)在今后成為調(diào)整適應(yīng)今后形勢(shì)的拖累。隨著時(shí)間推移，用在保留人員舊崗位的指出需要削減，取而代之的是為新崗位培養(yǎng)勞動(dòng)者的開(kāi)支。各國(guó)政府需要從支持需求的政策轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻ㄔO(shè)一個(gè)更靈

18、活的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)。這種轉(zhuǎn)變需要富有想象力的政治謀劃，但確實(shí)當(dāng)政者們必須完成的步驟：因?yàn)槿绻麄儾贿@樣做，增長(zhǎng)將被遏制。Howeverwellgovernmentsdesigntheirpoliciesunemploymentisgoingtorisesharplyfsometime.Atbestitwillblightmillionsoflivesfyears.Thepoliticians’taskistomakesurethemiser

19、yisnotmeasuredindecades.然而，不論政府政策制定的多么完美，失業(yè)率在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)仍將陡增。不過(guò)充其量它會(huì)在幾年內(nèi)讓數(shù)百萬(wàn)人的生計(jì)陷于困境。當(dāng)政者的任務(wù)是不要讓這場(chǎng)不幸延續(xù)數(shù)十年。（二）ChinastradeSurplustorequirements順差的需要WhyisChina’stradesurplusgrowingwhenitsexptshavecollapsed為什么中國(guó)的出口大幅下降時(shí)，貿(mào)易順差卻在增長(zhǎng)？TH

20、ISweekrevisedfiguresrevealedthatChinaovertookGermanyin2007tobecomethewld’sthirdbiggesteconomy.AtthestartoflastyearChinaalsolookedsettobecomethewld’sbiggestexpterbutaslumpinexptsinthefinalmonthsoftheyearmeanttheyremaineds