小印說考研核心詞匯速成(1-60單元全)

1、鯉魚網(wǎng)（）小印說考研核心詞匯速成考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit1一、真題文章(1994年)Thefirstsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageisthewd.Inspeakingthechoiceofwdsisoftheutmostimptance.Properionwilleliminateonesourceoflikelybreakdowninthecommunica

2、tioncycle.Toooftencarelessuseofwdspreventsameetingofthemindsofthespeakerlistener.Thewdsusedbythespeakermaystirupunfavablereactionsinthelistenerwhichinterferewithhiscomprehensionhencethetransmissionreceptionsystembreaksdo

3、wn.Meover，inaccurateindefinitewdsmaymakeitdifficultfthelistenertounderstthemessagewhichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwdsinhiswkingvocabularymaybeunabletoexplaindescribeinawaythatcanbeunderstoodb

4、yhislisteners.二、譯文與語言相關(guān)的，可以討論的首要的和最小的單位是詞。說話時(shí)，選詞是最重要的。適當(dāng)?shù)倪x詞可以消除交際過程中可能出現(xiàn)的障礙。用詞粗心大意往往阻礙說話人和聽話人的思想交流。說話人使用的詞匯可能引起聽話人的反感，從而干擾其理解。因此，這傳輸信息——接受信息系統(tǒng)就會中斷。而且，詞義不準(zhǔn)確或不明確的詞使聽話人難于聽懂傳遞給他的信息。說話人的常用詞匯中如沒有詳細(xì)而精確的詞的話，就不可能用聽話人能理解的方式進(jìn)行解釋或描述

5、。三、考研核心詞匯choicetFCisn.選擇抉擇精選品選擇機(jī)會選擇權(quán)adj.精選的上等的挑三揀四的可選的寵愛的愛惜的[例]Shehadtomakeachoicebetweenthetwodresses.她得在兩件衣服中選擇一件。[同義]alternative，cream，decision，option，pick，preference，ion[派生]choosetFu:zv.選擇選定[固定搭配]atonesownchoice隨意挑選自

6、由選擇；bechoiceof好挑剔的；utmost5QtmEustn.極限最大可能極力adj.極度的最遠(yuǎn)的[例]theutmostendsoftheearth天涯海角[同義]extremefarthestgreatestmost[固定搭配]attheutmost至多；doonesutmost盡全力；maketheutmostof...充分利用；totheutmost竭力盡力；reactionri(:)5AkFEnn.反應(yīng)反作用反動(力)

7、[例]Whatishisreactiontoyourproposal他對你的建議有什么反應(yīng)[反義]action5AkFEnn.動作作用戰(zhàn)斗行動舉動行為(戲劇或書中)的情節(jié)(某一地區(qū)、領(lǐng)域或團(tuán)體中)最能產(chǎn)生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活動vt.對...起訴[派生]reactri5Aktvi.起反應(yīng)起作用反抗起反作用reactiveri(:)5Aktivadj.反應(yīng)的起反作用的反動的電抗性的interfere7intE5fiEvi.干涉干預(yù)妨

8、礙打擾[例]IwasplayingwithJanebutAnneinterferedspoiledthegame.我正在和珍妮玩，可是安妮插了進(jìn)來，把游戲給打亂了。[同義]arbitrateencroachintercedeinterruptinterveneintrudemeddle[派生]interference7intE5fiErEnsn.沖突干涉[固定搭配]interferein干涉干預(yù)；interferewith妨礙干涉干擾；

9、comprehension7kCmpri5henFEnn.理解包含[例]Readingdependsonthecomprehensionoftheideasexpressedbythewdsused.閱讀有賴于對所用詞句所表達(dá)的含義的理解。[同義]apprehension[反義]incomprehensionin7kCmpri5henFEnn.不了解不領(lǐng)悟[派生]comprehensive7kCmpri5hensivadj.全面的廣泛的

10、能充分理解的包容的comprehend7kCmpri5hendvt.領(lǐng)會理解包括(包含)由...組成hencehensadv.因此從此[例]TheygrewupintheSudanhencetheirinterestinNubianart.他們在蘇丹長大；由是產(chǎn)生了對努比亞藝術(shù)的興趣[同義]accdinglyawayconsequentlyelsewherefromnowonlatertherefe[反義]agoE5^Euadv.以前的

11、以往的transmissiontrAnz5miFEnn.播送發(fā)射傳動傳送傳輸轉(zhuǎn)播[例]transmissionofnews消息的傳播[同義]sendingtranspttransferbroadcast[反義]receptionri5sepFEnn.接待招待會接收[派生]transmissibletrAnz5misEbladj.可傳送的可遺傳的transmittrAnz5mitvt.傳輸轉(zhuǎn)送傳達(dá)傳導(dǎo)發(fā)射遺傳傳播vi.發(fā)射信號發(fā)報(bào)inac

12、curatein5Akjuritadj.錯(cuò)誤的不準(zhǔn)確的[例]Thereisaslightinaccuracyinthisdesign.這張?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)圖中有一點(diǎn)不大準(zhǔn)確。[同義]increctinexact[反義]accurate5Akjuritadj.正確的精確的[派生]inaccuracyin5AkjurEsin.錯(cuò)誤indefinitein5definitadj.模糊的不確定的[語]不定的[例]anindefiniteleaveofabs

13、ence對在場者的離席無明確限制的[同義]broadconfusedgeneralhazyindistinctobscureunclearvague[反義]definite5definitadj.明確的一定的[派生]indefinitelyin5definitliadv.不確定地四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1.priceisthenumberonefactinfluencingconsumers__________ofvehicleinChinawit

14、h98%ofrespondentsnamingitcomparedwith82%ofUKconsumers83%ofthoseintheU.S.A.desireB.conclusionC.choiceD.purpose2.Althoughtherainpoursdownwiththe________relentlessnessceasingalloutdoactivitiesthemanofthefieldliftshisfacetot

15、heheavenssmiles.A.topB.utmostC.gracefulD.dissipated3.TheRomanticMovementwhichstartedasa________againsttheindustrialrevolutionofthecenturywasbnflourishedinGermanybuthasnotstoppedtheGermansfrombeingEuropesmostsuccessfulent

16、repreneursindustrialists.A.constancyB.constructionC.conventionD.reaction4.Firstofalldon’tletyouremotions________withyourvision.Dontseesomethingbecauseyouwanttoseeit.A.interfereB.interpretC.consolidateD.comply5.Topreventl

17、ocal__________ofthediseasemosquitobreedingplacesmustbeeliminated.A.transferenceB.transmissionC.changeD.console答案：CBDAB考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit2一、真題文章SleepisdividedintoperiodsofsocalledREMsleepacterizedbyrapideyemovementsdreaming

18、longerperiodsofnonREMsleep.NeitherkindofsleepisatallwellunderstoodbutREMsleepisassumedtoservesomerestativefunctionofthebrain.ThepurposeofnonREMsleepisevenmemysterious.Thenewexperimentssuchasthesedescribedfthefirsttimeata

19、recentmeetingoftheSocietyfSleepResearchinMinneapolissuggestfinatingexplanationsfthepurposeofnonREMsleep.Fexampleithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleepdeprivationis100percentfataltoratsyetuponexaminationofthedeadbodiestheanimal

20、slookcompletelynmal.Aresearcherhasnowcastlightonthemysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Theratsdevelopbacterialinfectionsofthebloodasiftheirimmunesystemstheselfprotectingmechanismagainstdiseasehadcrashed.二、譯文睡眠通常被分為所謂的REM睡眠階段（REM=r

21、apideyemovement眼睛快速運(yùn)動）和較長非REM睡眠階段，前者特點(diǎn)為眼球快速轉(zhuǎn)動并做夢。我們對兩種形式的睡眠了解都不多，但是人們認(rèn)為REM睡眠對大腦起某種康復(fù)功能的作用。非REM睡眠的作用更加神秘。最近睡眠研究協(xié)會在明尼阿波利斯舉行的會議上，專家們首次描述的一些新實(shí)驗(yàn)，對非REM睡眠的作用的闡釋令人興奮。例如，人們早已了解到，完全剝奪其睡眠對老鼠具有100%的致命性，然而，在檢查老鼠尸體時(shí)，這些動物看上去完全正常。一研究人員已

22、闡明這些動物死亡原因的奧秘。老鼠患血液細(xì)菌感染，似乎他們的免疫系統(tǒng)（抵抗疾病的自我保護(hù)機(jī)制）已崩潰。三、考研核心詞匯acterize5kArIktEraIzvt.表現(xiàn)...的特色刻畫的...性格[例]Thiskindofbehaviacterizesthecriminalmind.這種舉止是罪犯的心理特征。[同義]depictdescribedistinguishpictureptrayrepresent[派生]acterization

23、7kAriktErai5zeiFEnn.描述人物之創(chuàng)造assumeE5sju:mvt.假定設(shè)想采取呈現(xiàn)[例]Thequeenassumedavelvetrobe.王后穿了一件天鵝絨長袍[同義]adoptbelievepresume.putonsupposesuspect[反義]concludekEn5klu:dv.結(jié)束終止決定作出結(jié)論vt.推斷斷定締結(jié)議定[派生]assumedE5sju:mdadj.假定的假裝的裝的restativer

24、i5stC:rEtivadj.有助于復(fù)元的n.滋補(bǔ)劑[例]arestativetonic有恢復(fù)作用的滋補(bǔ)品[派生]resteris5tC:vt.恢復(fù)使回復(fù)歸還交還修復(fù)重建function5fQNkFEnn.官能功能作用職責(zé)典禮儀式[數(shù)]函數(shù)vi.(器官等)活動運(yùn)行行使職責(zé)[例]Growthisafunctionofnutrition.長身體是由營養(yǎng)決定的。[同義]actceremonyexercisegatheringoperatepe

25、rfm[派生]functional5fQNkFEnladj.功能的[固定搭配]publicfunction盛大的公共集會正式社交集會；socialfunction盛大的公共集會正式社交集會；purpose5pE:pEsn.目的意圖用途效果決心意志vt.打算企圖決心[例]Hewenttotownwiththepurposeofbuyinganewtelevision.他進(jìn)城的目的是買一臺新電視機(jī)。[同義]aimdesigndetermin

26、ationgoalintentionobject[派生]purposeful5pE:pEsfuladj.有目的的[固定搭配]onpurpose故意地；有意地；togoodpurpose有益地，有成效地tolittlepurposetonopurpose幾乎徒勞的，少有成效地deprivation7depri5veiFEnn.剝奪[例]deprivationofcivilrights剝奪公民權(quán)[派生]deprivaldi5praivEln

27、.剝奪deprivedi5praivvt.剝奪使喪失fatal5feitladj.致命的重大的命運(yùn)注定的不幸的致命的毀滅性的[例]“Itisfataltoenteranywarwithoutthewilltowinit”(DouglasMacArthur).鯉魚網(wǎng)（）負(fù)擔(dān)。對雇員而言，這將意味著不再享有保障、福利，不再具有作為一個(gè)忠實(shí)雇員的使命感。三、考研核心詞匯agency5eidVEnsin.代理處行銷處代理中介[例]agencyg

28、eneral總代理[同義]managementofficeoperationwk[派生]agent5eidVEntn.代理(商)swarmswC:mn.蜂群一大群v.涌往擠滿密集成群浮游云集[例]Thebeachisswarmingwithbathers.海灘滿是海浴的人。[同義]assembleclustercollectcrowdgathermeet[固定搭配]aswarmof一群一堆；swarminto蜂擁而入；swarmwith

29、充滿著擁擠著；giant5dVaiEntn.巨人大力士巨大的動物或植物偉人天才adj.龐大的巨大的[例]Shakespeareisagiantamongwriters.莎士比亞是一位文壇巨匠。[同義]colossalenmousgigantichugeimmensemammothmonumental[反義]diminutivedi5minjutivadj.小的指小的小型的n.小的人指小辭指小詞愛稱dwarfdwC:fn.矮子侏儒v.(使

30、)變矮小[派生]giantlike`dVaIEntlaIkadj.巨人般的巨大的disposabledis5pEuzEbladj.可任意使用的[例]Everydisposablepieceofequipmentwassenttothefire.每一種可用的設(shè)備都被大火燒毀了[派生]disposaldis5pEuzEln.處理處置布置安排配置支配disposedis5pEuzv.處理處置部署vt.布置安排除去使愿意fundamentall

31、yfQndE5mentElIadv.基礎(chǔ)地根本地[例]Sheisfundamentallyunsuitedtoofficewk.她根本不適合做辦公室工作。[同義]primarily[派生]fundament5fQndEmEntn.基礎(chǔ)基本原理臀部fundamental7fQndE5mentladj.基礎(chǔ)的基本的n.基本原則基本原理pension5penFEnn.養(yǎng)老金退休金[例]“SomeFrenchfarmerssuggestthat

32、theGovernmentpensionofftheolderlessefficientfarmers”(E.J.DionneJr.)“一些法國農(nóng)夫向政府建議讓那些年長的或工作效率低下的農(nóng)夫領(lǐng)取退休金或補(bǔ)助金而退休”(小E.J.迪翁)[同義]aidallowanceassistancegranthelpstipend[派生]pensionable`penFLnEbladj.有資格領(lǐng)退休金的可領(lǐng)退休金的loyal5lCiEladj.忠誠的

33、忠心的[例]Thepeoplestayedloyaltotheircountry.人民忠于他們的國家。[同義]devoteddutifulfaithfulobedienttruetrustwthy[反義]disloyaldis5lCiEladj.不忠的背叛的不忠誠的[派生]loyalty5lCIEltIn.忠誠忠心四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1.Buyingatrainabusticketusedtobeamajhassle.Nowanyhoteltr

34、avel________canbookyourticketsA.resourceB.recollectionC.agencyD.agony2.He’sjustlikeaflyhangingaround.Srynotafly.It’sa________offliesflyingnearyourearsA.bunchB.swarmC.lumpD.pile3.Theywere________sometimes8feetlongmanyofth

35、emlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseamlayerfmed.A.giantB.cleverC.delightD.light4.Nowadaystheaverageageatwhichpeoplesettledownmarryismucholderthanitwas30yearsagososingleswilltendtohaveme________income.”A.dependentB.red

36、undantC.professionalD.disposable5.“JohnMillswasagreatactatruegentlemana________friendsomeonewhomadeusproudtobeBritish“Blairsaidinastatement.A.loyalB.liarC.gangsterD.predominant答案：CBADA考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit5一、真題文章Untilrecently

37、mosthistiansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.Theyadmittedthatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestardoflivingftheaverageman.Buttheyinsistedthatitsimmediateresultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewid

38、espreadpovertymiseryfthebulkoftheEnglishpopulation.Bycontrasttheysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750whenEnglwasstillacompletelyagriculturalcountryaperiodofgreatabundanceprosperity.Thisviewhoweverisgenerallythough

39、ttobewrong.Specialistsinhistyeconomicshaveshowntwothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to1750wasmarkedbygreatpovertythatindustrializationcertainlydidnotwsenmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsfthemajityofthepopulace.二、譯文直到不久以前，絕大

40、部分歷史學(xué)家對工業(yè)革命仍持批評的態(tài)度。他們承認(rèn)，從長期來看工業(yè)化大大地提高了普通人的生活水平。但是，他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為在1750至1850年間，工業(yè)革命所造成的直接后果是給大多數(shù)英國民眾帶來了普遍的貧窮和困苦。相比之下，他們認(rèn)為在那之前的一百年，即1650至1750年，那時(shí)英國依舊還是個(gè)完全的農(nóng)業(yè)國，但那是一個(gè)富裕繁榮的歷史時(shí)期。然而，人們普遍認(rèn)為這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。歷史學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的專家已經(jīng)證明了兩件事：從1650年到1750年期間以極度貧

41、困為特征，而工業(yè)化顯然沒有使這種狀況惡化；事實(shí)上卻可能改善了絕大多數(shù)平民百姓的生活條件。三、考研核心詞匯industrializationin7dQstriElai5zeiFnn.工業(yè)化產(chǎn)業(yè)化[例]bringaboutindustrialization實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化[派生]industrializein5dQstriElaizvt.使工業(yè)化vi.工業(yè)化average5AvEridVn.平均平均水平平均數(shù)海損adj.一般的通常的平均的vt.平

42、均為均分使平衡達(dá)到平均水平vi.買進(jìn)賣出[例]WhatistheaveragerainfallfAugustinyourcountry你們國家八月份的平均降雨量是多少[同義]fairmediumdledinarypassableusual[反義]maximum5mAksimEmn.最大量最大限度極大adj.最高的最多的最大極限的minimum5minimEmadj.最小的最低的n.最小值最小化[派生]averagely5AvEridVl

43、iadv.平均地一般地[固定搭配]lawofaverages平均律；on(an)average通常；按平均；widespread5waIdspred5spredadj.分布廣泛的普遍的[例]awidespreaddisease一種流行病[派生]widespreader5waid5spredE撒布裝置misery5mizErin.痛苦苦惱悲慘不幸窮困[例]Miserylovescompany.同病相憐。[同義]distress[反義]ha

44、ppiness5hApinisn.幸?？鞓穂派生]miserable5mizErEbladj.痛苦的悲慘的可憐precedingpri(:)5si:diNadj.在前的前述的[例]theprecedingnight前一晚[同義]previousprifmer[派生]precedepri(:)5si:dv.領(lǐng)先(于)在...之前先于abundanceE5bQndEnsn.豐富充裕豐富充裕[例]Thetreeyieldsanabundanc

45、eoffruit.這樹結(jié)果甚多。[同義]plentyprofusion[反義]lacklAkn.缺乏短缺的東西vt.缺乏沒有需要vi.缺乏沒有[派生]abundantE5bQndEntadj.豐富的充裕的豐富盛產(chǎn)富于specialist5speFElIstn.專門醫(yī)師專家[例]aspecialistinoncology一個(gè)腫瘤科醫(yī)生[同義]expert[派生]special5speFEln.特派員專車專刊adj.特別的特殊的專門的pop

46、ulace5pCpjulEsn.平民[例]majityofthepopulace絕大多數(shù)平民百姓四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1.The_______ageatfirstmarriageintheUSAhasbeeninchingupwarditsnow26fwomen27fmen.A.firstB.averageC.fundamentalD.essence2.KungFufeaturesabundantvarietiesdelicateskillsha

47、sbecome__________physicalexercises.A.valuableB.pricelessC.widespreadD.wthless3.OftheJanuarysunnottothinkofany_________inthesoundofthewindinthesoundofafewleaves.A.prickB.prestigeC.pressureD.misery4.RicemayreignsupremeinVi

48、etnamesecuisine(烹飪)butfishseafoodarenotfarbehindinsignificance__________.A.abundanceB.pretextC.prideD.pack5._________economicconsiderationsarewhattheChinesePresidenttermed“threeevilfces“terrismextremismseparatismwhichpro

49、mptedtheideaofaregionalmechanism.A.LesseningB.LegalC.PrecedingD.Dizzy考研英語核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit6一、真題文章Industrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companieswithlowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprogramswkhardtoganizethemcontinuewkingtokeepthema

50、liveactive.Whenthewkiswelldoneaclimateofaccidentfreeoperationsisestablishedwheretimelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.Successfulsafetyprogramsmaydiffergreatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreat

51、emphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstresssafewkpracticesbyobservingrulesregulations.Stillothersdependonanemotionalappealtothewker.Buttherearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedineveryprogramifmaximumresultsaretobeobtained.Th

52、erecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstpointalonesafetypaysoff.Thefewertheinjuryclaimsthebetterthewkmansinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingataprofitataloss.二、譯文安全生產(chǎn)并非始自今日。事故發(fā)生率