初中語(yǔ)法 直接引語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換間接引語(yǔ)講解 附練習(xí)題及答案

1、1直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)：一字不改的引用或復(fù)述別人的話，被引用或復(fù)述的部分即為直接引語(yǔ)。一般前后用引號(hào)，首字母大寫。間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，被轉(zhuǎn)述的部分即為間接引語(yǔ)。通常以賓語(yǔ)從句的形式出現(xiàn)，不用引號(hào)。直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要注意人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、連接詞、語(yǔ)序以及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)、指示代詞及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化。一、人稱變化直接引語(yǔ)是第一人稱變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般要變?yōu)榈谌朔Q；第二人稱變?yōu)榕c主句的間接賓語(yǔ)相一致

2、的人稱（如果沒有間接賓語(yǔ)，可根據(jù)上下文的體會(huì)確定一個(gè)人稱）；第三人稱一般不改變。例如Hetoldme，＂I’llgiveyouabookwhenImeetyouagain.＂—Hetoldmehewouldgivemeabookwhenhemetmeagain.二、時(shí)態(tài)的變化如果主句是過去式態(tài)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)向前推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)。即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去式，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，

3、一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)，過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。等。例如Shewondered:＂Whenwillthemeetingbegin.＂—Shewonderedwhenthemeetingwouldbegin.但在以下幾種情況下，間接引語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不用變化。1、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)表示的是客觀真理或經(jīng)常性的特點(diǎn)時(shí)。例如Shesaid＂Theearthgoesaroundthesun＂.Shesaidt

4、hattheearthgoesaroundthesun.2、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)中有絕對(duì)具體的過去時(shí)間作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，保持原來的一般過去時(shí)。例如Hesaid＂Ilefthomein1942.—Hesaidhelefthomein1942.注：間接引語(yǔ)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)需要適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整。Say后的直接引語(yǔ)表示陳述或命令時(shí)可變?yōu)閍sksay后的直接引語(yǔ)表示請(qǐng)求或詢問時(shí)可變?yōu)閍sk.例如Theteachersaidtome＂Ihaveseenyourbook..

5、＂—Theteachertoldmethatshehadseenmybook.三、連接詞的選擇1、陳述句陳述句轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)用that引導(dǎo)，也可省略that。主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用直接引語(yǔ)中的said，也可用told來代替，可以說saidthat，saidtosb.thattoldsb.that不可以直接說toldthat.主句中的謂語(yǔ)還常有repeatanswerreplyexplainannouncedeclarethink等。例如Da

6、nnysaid，＂IcomefromCanada.＂—DannysaidthathecamefromCanada.2、疑問句直接引語(yǔ)是疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用陳述語(yǔ)序。主句的動(dòng)詞常用askwonderwanttoknow等。1)、一般疑問句直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問句時(shí)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)須用if或whether引導(dǎo)。例如Sheaskedme＂Isheateacher＂—Sheaskedmeifwhetherhewasateacher.2、選擇疑問句或

7、反意疑問直接引語(yǔ)是選擇疑問句需用反意疑問句需用not變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要用whether而不用if.例如Mybrotheraskedme＂IsTomtallsht＂—MybrotheraskedmewhetherTomwastallsht.＂Youarereadingaren’tyou＂hesaidtome.—HeaskedmewhetherIwasreadingnot.3)、特殊疑問句當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，常變成與疑問句同

8、形的連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，用陳述語(yǔ)序，問號(hào)變句號(hào)。例如＂Whatdoyouwanttoeat＂heaskedme.—HeaskedmewhatIwantedtoeat.3、祈使句直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用不定式表示，使其成為asktelldersb(not)todosth句型。例如＂Don’topenthedo.＂hesaidtoher.—Heaskedhernottoopenthedo.31.“Isawanoteonmyde

9、sk.”shesaid.2.Mothersaid“I’llgototheparktomrow.”3.Hesaidtome“Yourbrotherbrokeit.”4.Tomsaid“Mysisterwasherethreedaysago.”5.“Westayedthereftwoweeks.”shetoldme.6.Shesaid“Ihavegivenupsmoking.”7.“We’veknowneachotherfaboutthre

10、eyears.”theyoungmantoldhim.8.“Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.”hesaid.9.“Mothergavemeanewbookasapresentyesterday.”Marysaid.10.“DoyoulikeEnglishChinese”theteacheraskedme.11.“Whatdidyoudoyesterday”sheaskedme.12.“Wouldyoulikeanapp

11、le”motheraskedme.13.“Don’topenthedo.”shesaidtome.14.“Comehereearlytomrow.”theteachersaidtous.15.“Didyougotothecinemalastnight”sheasked.16.“Keepthedoclosed.”theoldmansaidtous.17.“Didyougotherebytrainbybus”theteacherasked.

12、18.“Theyareplayingontheplayground.”Jimsaid.三、在橫線上填上合適的詞1.Heexclaimedhowlovelythehouse___________.2.Wedidn’tknow___________shehadn’thedinthepaper.3.Themonit___________thefiveofustocleanthefloyesterdayafternoon.4.ersontold

13、us___________hisfatherhadjustreturnedfromShanghai.5.She___________ustohelptheoldwomaninourvillagethatday.6.Myfatheraskedme___________wasthematterwhenhecameback.7.Thatfellowalways___________mecleanhisshoesfhim.8.Tomsaidth

14、athe___________inthearmyfthreeyears.9.—WhatdidAlicesayjustnow—Shesaidthat___________wouldbrowthatdictionaryfmMary.10.Iwonder___________shecanattendmypartythisevening.四、單項(xiàng)選擇1.RightnowthebossderedJohntohinhisdesign________

15、.A.thisafternoonB.thisafternoonC.todayD.thatday2.Jimmy________herifshehadseenhimtherethatafternoon.A.saidtoB.askedC.toldD.ask3.UncleWangderedusto________hishouseatonce.A.comeoutofB.comeC.gooutofD.go4.Theroadiscoveredwith