賓語從句,直接引語和間接引語

1、賓語從句1 .賓語從句的概念：在復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)賓語的是個(gè)句子，或者說句子作賓語。2 .位置：動(dòng)賓，介賓.句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連詞(引導(dǎo)詞)+賓語從句賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞：一、當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)(包括肯定句和否認(rèn)句)，連詞由that引導(dǎo),因?yàn)?that在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體 中常省略。例: 1. Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.2. Ji

2、m thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.二、在主句為動(dòng)詞be加某些形容詞，如sorry, sure, afraid, glad作表語時(shí)(be+a.看作是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞詞組)，后面所跟從句也是賓語從句。胡!j: 1. V m sorry (that) I don' t know .2?We' re sure (that) our team will win .

3、注：that在句中無詞匯意義，在從句中不能充當(dāng)成分，在口語當(dāng)中往往省略。三、當(dāng)賓語從句是一般疑問句時(shí)，由連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)(口語中常用if), if/whether 雖然 不作成分，但是譯為：“是否”，所以不能省略。例:1.Lily wanted to know (if /whether) her grandma liked the handbag .2?Let' s see (if /whether) we can

4、find out some information about that city .注：1.當(dāng)句中有or或者or not時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether而不能用if.2 .在介詞后面,引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether而不能用if.3 .在動(dòng)詞不定式前,引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether而不能用if.四、當(dāng)賓語從句是特殊疑問句時(shí)，由連接代詞(what, who, whom, which, whose)或連接副 詞(when, where, why, h

5、ow, how many, how old, how long,)弓［導(dǎo)，每個(gè)連接詞在從句中都擔(dān)任一定的句子成分，意思各不相同，所以不可以省略。例：1. Do you know what he said just now ?4 .1 don' t remember when we arrived .3. Please tell me who (whom) we have to see .4. Do you know what t

6、ime the plane leaves ?五、 帶how的詞組也都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句。例：1. Could you tell us how long the meeting will last ?2. I don' t know how far it is to the cinema .賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)一、如果主句是現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼哪硞€(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，從 句的時(shí)態(tài)可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。二、如果主句是過去的某個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過去的某種

7、時(shí)態(tài)(包括一般過去 時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)……)例:1.1 knew who lived here.2.1 saw she was talking with her mother.三、當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理時(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。He asked (me) whether/if 2 had any difficulty with my pronunciation. 注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if , whether可以互換

8、，但句中出現(xiàn)or (not),或放在介 詞后作連接詞，只用whethero直接引語是特殊疑問句：原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞用ask(sb.)來表達(dá)。語 序一定改為陳述句語序。例：1. He said to me, “What's your name?”He asked me what my name was.直接引語是祈使句,用:tel 1/order/ask/warn*** sb. to do sth.祈使

9、句的否認(rèn)形式，用：tel 1/order/ask/warn??? sb. not to do sth.例I： 1. He said, “Please come here tomorrow. ”He asked me to go there the next day. 直接引語變間接引語：人稱根據(jù)語境變化彳列:1. He said, “ My brother failed in the exam.He said _his brother

10、 had failed in the exam.2.He said to Mary, “ How is your mother now?”He asked Mary how her mother was then.2.My teacher said, ' ' she is a good student.''My teacher said she was a good student. 時(shí)態(tài)的變化.如果主句

11、的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，直接引語變成間接引語 時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)無需變 化。1 .如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，直接引語變成間接引語時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)要 做出相應(yīng)的改變，如下所示：一般過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 過去將來時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去將來完成時(shí) 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去將來完成進(jìn)行時(shí)said my mother.My mother said that she was ill that