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1、Unit1StartingoutListeninginPassage1InterviewerCanyoutellmesomethingabouttheIvyLeagueYoureaprofessatHarvardisthatrightProfessThatsrightyes.InterviewerTellmehowmanyuniversitiesarethereHowmanyinstitutionsProfessIntotalthere
2、areeightinstitutions:TheresHarvardYaleBrownColumbiaCnellDartmouthPrincetontheUniversityofPennsylvania.InterviewerAhOK.whatsthespting...Ibelievetheressomelinkwithspts.ProfessTherecertainlyisyes.iginallytheIvyLeaguereferre
3、dtothesptsteamsfromtheuniversitieswhichcompetedagainsteachotherespeciallyinfootballbasketballicehockey.Nowsometimestheseuniversitiesinstitutionschosetheirstudentsonthebasisoftheirskillsattheseparticularspts.Butinthelast5
4、0yearsIvyLeagueschoolshaveacceptedawiderrangeofstudentsbecauseitwasntpossibletobebothwldfamousfresearchalsotopclassinspt.InterviewerwhatabouttheiracademicimptanceIgathertheyreacademicallyveryveryimptanttheyreverywellknow
5、n.ProfessAbsolutelyatthetop.TheyrenearatthetopoftheUSAcollegesuniversityrankings.theyrealmostalwaysinthetoponepercentofthewldsacademicinstitutionsffinancialresources.InterviewerwhatdoesitmeansociallytogotoanIvyLeagueuniv
6、ersityProfessCertainlyifyouvebeentooneoftheseinstitutionsyouarepresumedassumedtobeatthetopendofthescale.TheIvyLeagueinstitutionshaveareputationfsocialelitismmanyofthestudentsarerichintellectualwhiteAngloSaxonprotestants.
7、Notallofthemofcoursebutquitealotofthem.Interviewerdoyouknow...whysitcalledtheIvyLeaguewhatstheiginofthenameProfessThereareanumberofstiesderivationsbutpossiblyitsbasedonfouruniversitiesIVthelettersIVthatstheRomannumeralff
8、our.Anothermelikelystyisthativyplantswhicharesymbolicoftheageoftheuniversitiesyouknowwouldbegrownatthewallsoftheseuniversitiestheseinstitutionstheycoverthewallsofthebuildings.ThetermwascreatedbyasptsjournalistIthinkinthe
9、1930s.InterviewerRightOK.whichistheoldestuniversityProfessTheoldestgoesbacktothe17thcenturythatsHarvardwhichwasfoundedin1636.theyoungestoftheinstitutionsisCnellwhichwasfoundedin1865.Interviewerwhichhasthelargestnumberofu
10、ndergraduatesProfessCnellhasthelargestnumberabout1300013500undergraduates.TheinstitutionwiththesmallestnumberisDartmouthCollegewithalittleover4000.InterviewerwhatabouttheacceptancerateIsithardtogetintoProfessThatrangesfr
11、omaboutsevenpercentto20percent.IntervieweranyfamousalumniFamousoldboysProfessHundreds!Hundredsofthem.ButIsupposewldwidethetwothatwouldbedefinitelyknownalloverthewldwouldcertainlybeGegeBushwhowenttoYaleJohnFKennedyPreside
12、ntKennedywhowasatHarvard.InterviewerThankyou.Passage2yDidyouseethefilmontelevisionlastnightJaneNoIwasout.WhatwasitMartinImveryhappytonotthatIremembermuchatall.IwasatacustomershousebuildingacupboardthenextthingIknewIwokeu
13、pinhospitalwithpeopleinwhitecoatsbendingoverme.InterviewerItmusthavebeenveryfrightening.MartinItwas.ButwhatwasreallyfrighteningwasthatIcouldntspeak.Icouldntsayawd.Icouldntunderstmuchthatpeoplesaidtome.InterviewerHowawful
14、!MartinYeah!IdontknowwhatwouldhavehappenedtomeifIhadnthadmyfamily.Buttheyweretherefmetheyreallywere.Ihadsomethingcalledaphasiawherethepartofyourbraingetsdamagedthataffectsyourspeechlanguage.Buttheystartedtreatmentfthecon
15、ditionalmostimmediately.Thisspeechlanguagetherapistcametoseemeeverydayf12weeks.Theymademedoalltheseexercises.InterviewerWhatkindofexercisesMartinIhadtomatchwdspicturessaytheirnames.YouseeIdalsofgottenthenamesofalotofthin
16、gs.ShehadthisthingcalledawdboardIcouldpointtowdsphrasesonitthatIwantedtosay.Ihadtorepeatwdsupto20timesboyitwashardsohard.InterviewerCouldyousayanythingtobeginwithMartinIcouldsaythreewds.“Hi““Yes““No“.Thatwasall.therewere
17、alotofwdsIcouldntunderst1hadtolearntheirmeaningsalloveragain.InterviewerItmusthavebeenveryfrustrating.MartinItwasbutIwasdeterminedtogetbetter.Iwasinhospitalfthreeahalfmonths.WhenIgothomeIgotaspecialcomputerprogrammethatI
18、wkedwitheveryday.slowlymylanguagecamebacktome.Itwasastruggleabigstruggle.Ihadtolearntoreadwriteagaintoo.InterviewerWhydoyouthinkthatyouwereabletorecovercompletelyItsnotthatcommonisitMartinIwaslucky.Iwasgiventherightdruga
19、ttherighttime.Ihad12weeksoftherapyfivedaysaweek.Thatsveryimptantapparently.InterviewernowthatyourebetterhowdoyoufeelaboutyourlifeMartinWhatcanIsayImjustgratefultohavemylifeback.Passage2InterviewerIn1907anItalianeducatcal
20、ledMariaMontessiopenedaschoolinRomethattaughtyoungchildrenusingmethodsthatwereverydifferentfromtraditionalteaching.TodaytheMontessimethodasitsknownisusedinnurseryschoolsincountriessuchasAmericaCanadaBritainGermany.Recent
21、researchshowsthatchildreneducatedataMontessinurserydobetterlateronatschoolthanotherchildreninallsubjects.WeaskedtwoMontessiteachersClaudiaRosellaSarahHarringtontoexplainwhatmakestheirnurseryschooldifferent.Sarah...SarahI
22、thinkthefirstthingtosayisthataMontessiclassroomisveryquietveryclean.Everythingstaysinthesameplace.Sothechildrenarecalmquietasaresult.InterviewerSotheyrenotencouragedtobenoisy.SarahNodefinitelynot...InterviewerClaudiaClau
23、diaYestheclassroomsveryimptant.Anotherimptantprincipleisthatchildrendirecttheirownlearning.Theychoosewhattheywanttodo.InterviewerSotheteacherdoesnttellthechildwhattodoSarahNotatall.Whileachildisdoinganactivityweobserveth
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