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1、【雅思真題】劍【雅思真題】劍7Test4閱讀閱讀Passage3真題及解析真題及解析READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions2740whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.EFFECTSOFNOISEIngeneralitisplausibletosupposethatweshouldpreferpeacequiettonoise.yet

2、mostofushavehadtheexperienceofhavingtoadjusttosleepinginthemountainsthecountrysidebecauseitwasinitially‘tooquietanexperiencethatsuggeststhathumansarecapableofadaptingtoawiderangeofnoiselevels.Researchsupptsthisview.Fexam

3、pleGlassSinger(1972)exposedpeopletoshtburstsofveryloudnoisethenmeasuredtheirabilitytowkoutproblemstheirphysiologicalreactionstothenoise.Thenoisewasquitedisruptiveatfirstbutafteraboutfourminutesthesubjectsweredoingjustasw

4、ellontheirtasksascontrolsubjectswhowerenotexposedtonoise.Theirphysiologicalarousalalsodeclinedquicklytothesamelevelsasthoseofthecontrolsubjects.Buttherearelimitstoadaptationloudnoisebecomesmetroublesomeifthepersonisrequi

5、redtoconcentrateonmethanonetask.Fexamplehighnoiselevelsinterferedwiththeperfmanceofsubjectswhowererequiredtomonitthreedialsatatimeatasknotunlikethatofanaeroplanepilotanairtrafficcontroller(Broadbent1957).Similarlynoisedi

6、dnotaffectasubjectsabilitytotrackamovinglinewithasteeringwheelbutitdidinterferewiththesubjectsabilitytorepeatnumberswhiletracking(FinkelmanGlass1970).Probablythemostsignificantfindingfromresearchonnoiseisthatitspredictab

7、ilityismeimptantthanhowlouditis.Wearemuchmeableto‘tuneoutchronicbackgroundnoiseevenifitisquiteloudthantowkundercircumstanceswithunexpectedintrusionsofnoise.IntheGlassSingerstudyinwhichsubjectswereexposedtoburstsofnoiseas

8、theywkedonatasksomesubjectsheardloudburstsothersheardsoftbursts.Fsomesubjectstheburstswerespacedexactlyoneminuteapart(predictablenoise)othersheardthesameamountofnoiseoverallbuttheburstsoccurredatromintervals(unpredictabl

9、enoise).Subjectsreptedfindingthepredictableunpredictablenoiseequallyannoyingallsubjectsperfmedataboutthesamelevelduringthenoiseptionoftheexperiment.Butthedifferentnoiseconditionshadquitedifferentaftereffectswhenthesubjec

10、tswererequiredtoproofreadWritethecrectletterinboxes2729onyouranswersheet.27ThewritersuggeststhatpeoplemayhavedifficultysleepinginthemountainsbecauseAhumansdonotpreferpeacequiettonoise.Btheymaybeexposedtoshtburstsofveryst

11、rangesounds.Chumansprefertohearacertainamountofnoisewhiletheysleep.Dtheymayhaveadaptedtoahighernoiselevelinthecity.28InnoiseexperimentsGlassSingerfoundthatAproblemsolvingismucheasierunderquietconditions.Bphysiologicalaro

12、usalpreventstheabilitytowk.Cburstsofnoisedonotseriouslydisruptproblemsolvinginthelongterm.Dthephysiologicalarousalofcontrolsubjectsdeclinedquickly.29ResearchersdiscoveredthathighnoiselevelsarenotlikelytointerferewiththeA

13、successfulperfmanceofasingletask.Btasksofpilotsairtrafficcontrollers.Cabilitytorepeatnumberswhiletrackingmovinglines.Dabilitytomonitthreedialsatonce.Questions3034CompletethesummaryusingthelistofwdsphrasesAJbelow.Writethe

14、crectletterAJinboxes3034onyouranswersheet.NBYoumayuseanylettermethanonce.GlassSinger(1972)showedthatsituationsinwhichthereisintensenoisehavelesseffectonperfmancethancircumstancesinwhich30…………noiseoccurs.Subjectsweredivid

15、edintogroupstoperfmatask.Someheardloudburstsofnoiseotherssoft.Fsomesubjectsthenoisewaspredictablewhilefothersitsoccurrencewasrom.Allgroupswereexposedto31…………noise.Thepredictablenoisegroup32…………theunpredictablenoisegroupo

16、nthistask.Inthesecondpartoftheexperimentthefourgroupsweregivenaproofreadingtasktocompleteunderconditionsofnonoise.Theywererequiredtocheckwrittenmaterialferrs.Thegroupwhichhadbeenexposedtounpredictablenoise33…………thegroupw

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