必修五 unit 1 great scientists

1、第1頁(yè)共8頁(yè)Unit1Greatscientists閱讀理解組塊專(zhuān)練——練速度(限時(shí)：35分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2017衡陽(yáng)高三一模)Therehasbeenacontroversybetweenanimalrightssupptersscientistsaboutwhetheritisrighttouseanimalstofindcuresfhumandiseasesinexperimentalresearch.Personallyi

2、ftherearenootheralternativesifitispossiblethatthiswillcontributetoscienceanimalsmaybeusedfexperimentalresearch.Theanimalrightssuppterslabelscientistsas“cruel”fcausinganimalstodieinmedicalexperimentswhiletheydonotopposeth

3、epeoplemostlyfarmerswhokillanimalsffood.Someevenclaimthatpeopleanimalsareequaltheyshouldbetreatedequally.ButcanthedeathofananimalbethesamethingasthedeathofapersonIthinkcausinganimalstodiefsciencefsavinghumanlivesmaybecon

4、sideredethical(倫理的)ifitwillcontributetotheadvancementofsciencehumanhealthingeneral.Anotherbasicargumentofanimalrightssupptersisthatpeopleanimalsaredifferentgeically.Theyclaimthatitwillmakenogoodtouseanimalsinexperimentsb

5、ecausetheyaretoodifferenttobecomparedtopeople.Someofthemevenstatethatitisbettertousepeopledirectlyastheythinkthattheresultsofexperimentsonanimalscannotbevalidreliableaslongasthesameobservationhasnotbeendoneonman.Howevert

6、hesepeoplecannotfeseethedisastrousresultsofsuchapractice.Manypeoplearelikelytodieuntilahealthyresultisobtained.Peopleanimalsmaynotbethesamebuttosomedegreescientistsarerighttouseanimalmodelstodosomeexperimentsthatcouldnot

7、beachievedinhuman.Therearealsoalotofexampleswhichshowthatusinganimalsresultedinsignificantdevelopmentshelpedtocuresomeseriousillnesses.Allinallusinganimalsfmedicalresearchisethicalaslongasitcontributestoscientificdevelop

8、menthumanhealth.thispracticeisonlyacceptableontheconditionthatanimalsaretreatedhumanely.語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文，主要論述了動(dòng)物權(quán)利支持者和科學(xué)家之間關(guān)于用動(dòng)物進(jìn)行醫(yī)學(xué)試驗(yàn)研究以尋找治療人類(lèi)疾病的方法是否正確的爭(zhēng)議。作者認(rèn)為動(dòng)物可以被用于醫(yī)學(xué)研究并針對(duì)此論點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了分析論證。1Animalrightssupptersholdtheopiniontha

9、t________.AfarmershavethelegalrightstokillanimalsBcausinganimalstodiefscienceisacceptableCscientistsaretoblamefkillinganimalsfresearchDanimalspeoplearenotdifferentgeically第3頁(yè)共8頁(yè)samecancerresistanceaselephants.Thismeansre

10、searcherscouldusethediscoverytodevelopnewtreatmentsthatcanhelpstopcancerspreadingevendevelopinginthefirstplace.“Naturehasalreadyfiguredouthowtopreventcancer，”saidJoshuaSchiffmanabiologistattheSchoolofMedicineUniversityof

11、UtahUS.“Itsuptoustolearnhowdifferentanimalsdealwiththeproblemsothatwecanusethosestrategiestopreventcancerinpeople.”語(yǔ)篇解讀：科學(xué)家研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，大象不患癌癥是因?yàn)樗鼈兊捏w內(nèi)有很多阻止腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的基因TP53，人類(lèi)有望通過(guò)研究TP53來(lái)預(yù)防癌癥。4WhyareelephantsunlikelytodevelopcancerAThe

12、yhavearatherlargebodysize.BTheirgenessuffernoDNAdamage.CCertaingenesintheirbodykillexistingtums.DTheycarrymanygenestopreventtumsdeveloping.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的第二句“AteamattheUniversityofChicagoUShasfoundthatelephantscarryala

13、rgenumberofgenesthatstoptums(腫瘤)developing.”可知，因?yàn)榇笙篌w內(nèi)有許多阻止腫瘤生長(zhǎng)的基因，所以大象不患癌癥，D項(xiàng)正確。5AccdingtothepassagewhathasbeenariskintheevolutionoflargeanimalsADeadlytums.BThehugebodymass.CCellskillingthemselves.DSensitivitytoDNAdamage

14、.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句中的“Anincreasedriskofdevelopingcancerhasstoodinthewayoftheevolutionoflargebodysizesinmanyanimals”可知，許多大型動(dòng)物在進(jìn)化過(guò)程中有患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，故A項(xiàng)正確。6Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“Thisphenomenon”inParagraph5probablyrefertoALarge

15、ranimalshaveprotectionfromTP53.BTheriskofcancerisnotrelatedtobodysize.CLargeranimalssufferthesameriskofcancerassmallerones.DThehugeranimalsarethebiggerriskofcancertheywillhave.解析：選B指代判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Butacrossspeciestheris

16、kofcancerdoesnotshowaconnectionwithbodymass.”可知，Thisphenomenon指代患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和動(dòng)物的大小無(wú)關(guān)，故B項(xiàng)正確。7WhatcanbeconcludedfromthepassageADependingonnatureissurelyenoughtofightagainstcancer.BTheTP53geneshaveprovedusefulinstoppingcancerinpe