新視野商務英語綜合教程 unit 2

1、Unit OverviewBy studying this unit, you are expected to:? learn the common types of company structure;? describe a company’s structure;? know how to write an e-mail to introduce a new colleague.,Unit 2 Company St

2、ructure,,Unit 2 Company Structure,,Unit 2 Company Structure,Task 1,Task 2,In a company there are various departments with different functions. Discuss with your classmates the specific function of each of the following d

3、epartments.,,Task 1,1,2,3,4,5,6,Unit 2 Company Structure,,,The Human Resources Department ( 人力資源部) is responsible for the management of a company’s workforce, and oversees the practices and policies that affect the orga

4、nization’s employees. It is responsible for the attraction, selection, training, assessment, and rewarding of employees; it oversees organizational leadership and culture, and ensures compliance with employment and labor

5、 laws.,,,Unit 2 Company Structure,The Customer Care Department (客戶服務部), also called Customer Service Department, is to attract and retain customers. People in this department consult customers about their needs via e-m

6、ail, telephone or in person. They handle and resolve customer complaints, and conduct customer satisfaction surveys on a particular product or service.,Unit 2 Company Structure,,,The Marketing Department (市場部) crea

7、tes value for customers and b uilds strong customer relationships in order to get value from customers in return. Its job includes identifying target customers, clarifying customers’ needs, keeping track

8、of the trends of a particular field, and developing product promotion and advertising activities.,Unit 2 Company Structure,,,The Board of Directors (董事會) is very influential in a company. It decides the dire

9、ction the company heads for and is directly accountable to the share holders. Each year the company will hold an annual general meeting (A G M) at which the directors make a report to the shareholders on the performan

10、ce of the company this year.,Unit 2 Company Structure,,,The Public Relations Department (公關系部) is responsible for giving a good Picture of the company to the public. It manages the public relations strategy, take

11、s care of the company’s relationship with the mass media, and provides the public with necessary information so as to maintain a good relation with the public.,Unit 2 Company Structure,,,The Production Department (

12、生產(chǎn)部) is to turn input (e.g. raw materials, labor, etc) into output (goods), and to insure that the goods meet the customers’ needs.,Unit 2 Company Structure,,,Unit 2 Company Structure,Task 2,The following are som

13、e common positions in most companies. Put them into Chinese.,1. CEO (Chief Executive Officer)2. CFO (Chief Finance Officer)3. Sales Director4. Personnel Manager5. Public Relations Manager6. Chief Accountant,首席執(zhí)行官,首席

14、財務官,銷售總監(jiān),人事經(jīng)理,公關經(jīng)理,總會計師,,,,Unit 2 Company Structure,Starting Point,Text,Understanding the Text,Activity 1,Dealing with Language,Focusing On Grammar,Setting,Activity 2,The HR Department is offering job orientation to the

15、new employees. On the firstday, the employees get to learn about different types of company structure.,Setting:,,,,,Unit 2 Company Structure,Starting Point,Task 1,A company’s choice of its structure is usually affected b

16、y many factors. The following are some. Can you add some more?,,,Unit 2 Company Structure,1. Business scale—how large the company is2. Staff number—the number of employees3. Type of ownership—who owns the company4. St

17、age of development—how well is the company developed under certain structure5. Type of business—the particular field which the business specializes in.6. Development strategy—how a company is going to position it

18、self in the market in terms of the products or services it provides.7. Target market—the target customers’ needs. Changes in the target market may also cause changes in the company’s structure.,,For example

19、, the structure of a company providing traveling services may differ a lot from that of a big-brand restaurant.,For example, many fast developing companies tend to be small and flexible so that they can react to changes

20、in the business environment quickly.,,Unit 2 Company Structure,Company Structure,A company can be organized in many different ways, depending on its goals. The structure of a company will determine the ways in which i

21、t operates and performs. Here are some of the most common types of company structures.,,,An Entrepreneurial Structure is most common in small companies. The company structure is totally centralized. This means that the l

22、eader, who is usually also the owner, makes all the key decisions. Communication between the leader and employees is via face-to-face conversations. It is particularly useful for new businesses as it enables the leader t

23、o control growth and development.,,,Unit 2 Company Structure,,Unit 2 Company Structure,A Functional Structure is best suited to large companies so that costs can be kept low. Employees perform specialized tasks. For inst

24、ance, activities related to production, marketing and finance will be separated into three departments.,,,However, the marketing department might include sales, advertising and promotions. This leads to an efficient busi

25、ness where costs are kept low within each department. However, it could also lead to a lack of communication within the company, making the company inflexible and slow to respond when changes are required.,,,Unit 2 Compa

26、ny Structure,,Unit 2 Company Structure,A Divisional Structure divides the company according to the type of work, region or product. Each division contains all the necessary resources and functions within it. An automobil

27、e company with a divisional structure might have one division for sports cars, another for subcompact cars, and a third for sedans.,,,Each division is responsible for its products and has its own resources such as financ

28、e, marketing and equipment. This structure allows flexibility and a quick response to changes in the market place.,,,Unit 2 Company Structure,,Unit 2 Company Structure,A Matrix Structure groups employees by both function

29、 and product. A simple example of a matrix structure would be when individuals within the company are brought together in order to complete a particular project or task. The individuals are chosen for their particular sk

30、ills and knowledge according to the needs of the project. The strength of the Matrix Structure lies with the sharing of information and personnel.,,,In general, it has become increasingly clear that through forces of glo

31、balization, competition and more demanding customers, the structure of many companies has become flatter and less hierarchical.,Unit 2 Company Structure,,,公司結(jié)構 根據(jù)發(fā)展目標的不同，公司可以選擇不同的組織結(jié)構。而公司的組織結(jié)構又將決定其運作經(jīng)營的模式。以下是幾種最常見的公

32、司結(jié)構。,Unit 2 Company Structure,創(chuàng)業(yè)型結(jié)構在小規(guī)模的公司中最為常見。創(chuàng)業(yè)型結(jié)構的管理是完全集權化的，這意味著所有的重要決定都是由公司的領導者，通常也是公司的所有者作出的，上司與員工之間通過面對面的談話進行溝通。這種結(jié)構于領導者掌握公司的成長與發(fā)展的狀況，對新公司尤其有利。,Unit 2 Company Structure,職能制結(jié)構有助于低成本運作，大型公司尤其適合。在這種結(jié)構下，員工各自執(zhí)行專門的工作任務。

33、例如，生產(chǎn)、市場營銷和財務分屬三個部門。,Unit 2 Company Structure,而市場營銷部門則又可能包含銷售、廣告和推銷工作。這樣一來，各部門可以在保持低成本的前提下實現(xiàn)高效率運作。然而，這也會導致公司內(nèi)部缺乏交流，在需要進行調(diào)整時，缺乏靈活性，反應遲緩。,Unit 2 Company Structure,在部門制結(jié)構下，公司部門根據(jù)工作種類、區(qū)域劃分或產(chǎn)品類型進行劃分，每個部門都擁有一切必需的資源和功能。采取部門制結(jié)構的

34、汽車公司可能會為跑車、超小型汽車和小轎車分別設立部門。,Unit 2 Company Structure,每個部門負責其特定產(chǎn)品，且各自擁有財政、市場和設備等方面的資源。采取這種結(jié)構的公司在面臨市場調(diào)整時更加靈活，反應迅速。,Unit 2 Company Structure,矩陣式結(jié)構依據(jù)功能和產(chǎn)品劃分員工工作。舉一個關于矩陣式結(jié)構的簡單例子：為了完成某個項目或任務，根據(jù)項目需求，公司會從內(nèi)部（各部門）挑選有相關技能和知識的員工（組成項

35、目組）。矩陣式結(jié)構的優(yōu)勢在于它實現(xiàn)了內(nèi)部信息和人力資源的共享。,Unit 2 Company Structure,總而言之，在全球化的潮流下，競爭日趨激烈，消費者的需求日益增加，我們越來越清晰地看到，許多公司的組織結(jié)構正變得更為精煉簡單，等級概念也越來越淡化。,Unit 2 Company Structure,Unit 2 Company Structure,determine,v. 規(guī)定；決定,Social status is lar

36、gely determined by the occupation of the main breadwinner.What determines whether you are a career success or a failure?determination She reaffirmed her determination to over come all difficulties that woul

37、d occur in the days to come.,e.g.,e.g.,Unit 2 Company Structure,perform v. 運作,All systems on the space shuttle appear to be performing well.,,e.g.,When there's snow and ice, how's this car going

38、to perform?,Unit 2 Company Structure,centralize,v. 集權；把（權利）集中,Power tends to centralize in the hands of those who use it.,centralization n. 集權化,Nowhere in Britain has bureaucratic centralization proceeded with

39、 more pace than in Scotland.,e.g.,Attempts to centralize the economy have failed.,e.g.,Unit 2 Company Structure,viaprep. 通過；借助于,Translators can now work from home, via electronic mail systems.,It’s easy to check you

40、r bank account via the Internet. prep. 經(jīng)由；經(jīng)過 Mr. Baker will return home via Belgium and France.,e.g.,e.g.,Unit 2 Company Structure,enablev. 使能夠；使有機會,The goal of the training is to enable employees to work as a t

41、eam.,e.g.,The money will enable us to hire more workers.,Unit 2 Company Structure,specializedadj. 專門的；專業(yè)的,The agency helps businesses fill highly specialized positions.,e.g.,,marketingn. 市場營銷,Holbrook has a positio

42、n in marketing for a large department store.,The Specialized assets do not transfer easily.,e.g.,Unit 2 Company Structure,financen. 財政；財務；金融,Finance is usually the biggest problem for students.,e.g.,v. 為……提供（籌措）資金,M

43、ore than ＄100,000 was donated to help finance Ryan's heart transplant.,e.g.,We financed the new house through the credit union.,Unit 2 Company Structure,salesn. 推銷活動,Those in a business who are responsible for

44、sales.,e.g.,Many stores have started their January sales a month early.,Unit 2 Company Structure,promotionn. 促銷；宣傳,During 1984, Remington spent a lot of money on advertising and promotion.,e.g.,n. 晉升；升職,Cooper announced

45、 the promotion of Moore to vice chairman.,e.g.,,Unit 2 Company Structure,inflexibleadj. 不易改變的,Charles was a man of settled habits and inflexible routine.,e.g.,The proposed law is poorly written and inflexible.,e.

46、g.,respondv. 做出反應；回應,How did they respond to your criticism?,The patient responded well to surgery.,Unit 2 Company Structure,requirev. 需要,e.g.,This will require some clear discussions and careful negotiation.,The

47、job requires a college degree and a knowledge of computers.,Unit 2 Company Structure,divisionaladj. 部門的,The team won the divisional championship.,e.g.,n. 部門,The company's Credit Data Division is based in Orange Coun

48、ty.,e.g.,division,Unit 2 Company Structure,divisionaladj. 部門的,The team won the divisional championship.,e.g.,n. 部門,e.g.,The company's Credit Data Division is based in Orange County.,division,Unit 2 Company Structur

49、e,regionn. 地區(qū)；區(qū)域,Snow is expected in mountain regions.,e.g.,Tax incentives would be used to attract firms to the regions, away from the South-East.,adj. 地區(qū)的；區(qū)域的,e.g.,regional,It is not surprising to find regional varia

50、tions in unemployment.,Unit 2 Company Structure,resourcen.(人力、財力、物力）等資源,Today we are overpopulated, straining the earth's resources.,e.g.,The police used every available resource to track down the killer.,,subcompac

51、t,n. 超小型汽車,Plans call for the Swatch mobile to be 20 % smaller than a typical subcompact, able to wheel into a parking space sideways, cost about $ 10,000 and reach 90 miles an hour.,e.g.,sedann. 廂式小客車；小汽車,A 10% price r

52、eduction for sedan-cars is forecast in the near future.,e.g.,Unit 2 Company Structure,Unit 2 Company Structure,flexibilityn. 靈活；變通,The new software package combines power with maximum flexibility.,e.g.,Being self-empl

53、oyed allowed him the flexibility to work unusual hours.,Unit 2 Company Structure,responsen. 反應；回應,The public response to the new model has been very positive.,e.g.,She said she was writing in response to (=as a response

54、 to) an ad in the paper.,Unit 2 Company Structure,matrixn. 矩陣,The Ansoff Matrix illustrates major business strategies which have a strong impact on marketing strategy .,e.g.,n.網(wǎng)絡；網(wǎng)狀物,Birmingham has been described as a m

55、atrix of small workshops.,e.g.,Unit 2 Company Structure,individualn. 個體；個人,They wait for the group to decide rather than making individual decisions.,e.g.,Divide the vegetables among four individual dishes.,Unit 2 Compa

56、ny Structure,particularadj. 具體的；特定的；某一的,Fatigue is a particular problem for women.,e.g.,n. 全體職員,All personnel must attend the meeting.,e.g.,Particular emphasis will be placed on oral language training.,personnel,Unit 2

57、Company Structure,globalizationn. 全球化,We need to take a more positive stance towards globalization.,e.g.,Trends toward the globalization of industry have dramatically affected food production in California.,Unit 2 Compa

58、ny Structure,demandingadj.（人）苛求的,He found he could no longer cope with his demanding job.,e.g.,v. 要求；需要,I demand to know what's going on here!,e.g.,Her boss was very demanding but appreciative of Christina's tal

59、ents.,demand,Unit 2 Company Structure,hierarchicaladj. 等級制度的,It is a very hierarchical company and there's little place for individual initiative.,e.g.,n.網(wǎng)絡；網(wǎng)狀物,A hierarchy of ideas and beliefs involves organizing

60、 them into a system or structure.,e.g.,The order of The Republic throughout is architectonic and hierarchical.,hierarchy,Unit 2 Company Structure,depend on 視……而定；取決（于） He depended on his writing for his income. Ad

61、mission to the university depends solely on a student’s performance.,e.g.,Unit 2 Company Structure,for instance 例如 Let your child make some of the small decisions concerning his daily routine. For instan

62、ce, allow him to choose what clothes he wears at the weekend. Old English was in many ways similar toModern German. For instance, the nouns, adjectives, and verbs were highly inflected.,e.g.,Unit 2 Compa

63、ny Structure,separate into 把……分開 The police wanted to separate them into smaller groups. Wallerstein’s work can be separated into three main component themes.,e.g.,Unit 2 Company Structure,lead to

64、 導致 Ethnic tensions among the republics could lead to civil war. He warned yesterday that a pay rise for teachers would lead to job cuts.,e.g.,Unit 2 Company Structure,lie with 在于；取決于 In the last analysis, t

65、he responsibility for this failure must lie with the chief engineer. The fault does not lie with the government officials.,e.g.,Unit 2 Company Structure,Understanding the Text,Write down the appropriate type of comp

66、any structure under each chart according to the text.,Task 2,Functional Structure,Entrepreneurial Structure,,,Matrix Structure,Divisional Structure,Unit 2 Company Structure,Task 3,Answer the questions with the informatio

67、n you find in the text.,Which of the four types of company structure is the most common in small companies?,Entrepreneurial Structure.,The disadvantage is a lack of communication within the company, making the company in

68、flexible and slow to respond when changes are required.,,1.,2.What is the disadvantage of Functional Structure?,,,Unit 2 Company Structure,3. What is the advantage of Divisional Structure?,This structure allows flexibili