跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例（ucp600）ppt培訓(xùn)課件

1、跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例（UCP600）,于強2006.10 上海,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,2,主要內(nèi)容,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程UCP600與UCP500的比較分析UCP600實施后對于不同當(dāng)事人的影響UCP600實施后出口商制單須注意的問題UCP600實施后開證行拒付及拒付后單據(jù)的處理,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,3,UCP6

2、00產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,《信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》修訂進程的“十年之癢”—— 1933年國際商會第82號出版物1952年國際商會第151號出版物1962年國際商會第222號出版物1973年國際商會第290號出版物1983年國際商會第400號出版物1993年國際商會第500號出版物（仍在實施中）2006年國際商會第600號出版物（計劃于2007年7月實施）,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,4

3、,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,UCP600修訂的背景自UCP500生效以來，銀行實務(wù)中圍繞500產(chǎn)生的爭議層出不窮*。為此，ICC于2002年初成立UCP修訂工作小組，提出修訂UCP500的動議。國際商會有關(guān)UCP500的系列出版物Position Paper No.1,2,3,4 （修改/議付/非單據(jù)化條件/運輸單據(jù)）Publication No.515/535/565/596URR525/ISP98/ISBP/Eucp

4、 *國際商會銀行技術(shù)委員會遺憾而且關(guān)切地注意到，在UCP500實施以后，一些銀行錯誤地解釋和應(yīng)用UCP500的一些條文。由于未能正確地運用這些條文，其結(jié)果嚴(yán)重防礙了按照UCP500開立的跟單信用證的使用。（Charles del Bush—Chairman, ICC Commission on Banking Technique and Practice. Adopted from Foreword of Position Pa

5、per 1,2,3,4）,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,5,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,在2002年4月的ICC銀行委員會會議上，各國代表對何時、如何修訂UCP500未達成一致意見（我國贊成立即開始修訂），但一致同意先對產(chǎn)生最多爭議的七個條款進行評議。因為ICC提出的專家意見中超過58％集中在UCP500這七個條款上。,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserv

6、ed,6,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,在2002年10月ICC銀行委員會會議上，銀行委員會技術(shù)顧問GARY COLLYER提供了一份評議七條條款的報告：第九條 – 開證行與保兌行的責(zé)任（共二十六次）第十三條 – 審核單據(jù)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（共四十三次）第十四條 – 不符點單據(jù)與通知（共六十次）第二十一條 – 對單據(jù)出單人或單據(jù)內(nèi)容未作規(guī)定（共二十九次）第二十三條 – 海運提單（共四十七次）第三十七條 – 商業(yè)發(fā)票（共二十六次）第四十

7、八條 – 可轉(zhuǎn)讓信用證（共三十一次）,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,7,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,多份研究報告顯示，高比例、高頻率發(fā)生的信用證拒付現(xiàn)象日益危機信用證在國際結(jié)算中的地位。IN THE EVENT THAT THE DOCUMENTS PRESENTED WITH DISCREPANCY, A DISCREPANT FEE OF USD60.00 OR EQUIVALENT

8、 WILL BEN DEDUCTED FROM THE PROCEEDS.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,8,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,From Introduction of UCP500：單據(jù)不符是信用證支付方式下一種極為普遍的現(xiàn)象，從1993年修訂的《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》的前言可以看出：“一些調(diào)查表明，大約5％跟單信用證下的單據(jù)因與信用證不符或表面不符而被拒收，這降低了跟單信用證的

9、效力，對參與有關(guān)產(chǎn)品交易的各方產(chǎn)生財務(wù)影響，增加了成本，減少了進口商、出口商和銀行的利潤。有關(guān)跟單信用證的訴訟案激增也引起了人們極大的關(guān)注。”,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,9,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,From Introduction of UCP600：When work on the revision started, a number of global surveys ind

10、icated that, because of discrepancies, approximately 70% of documents presented under letters of credit were being rejected on first presentation. This obviously had, and continues to have, a negative effect on the lette

11、r of credit being seen as a means of payment and, if unchecked, could have serious implications for maintaining or increasing its market share as a recognized means of settlement in international trade.結(jié)論：信用證正日益成為拒付的工具。

12、,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,10,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,UCP600修訂的過程2003年5月，ICC正式授權(quán)ICC銀行委員會啟動UCP500修訂工作修訂工作的三層組織架構(gòu)：The drafting Group （起草小組）The Consulting Group （咨詢小組）ICC national committees （國家委員會）,2024/4/2,Yuqiang

13、 @ Copyright Reserved,11,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,The drafting Group小組成員共10位成員，其中8位來自歐洲，其余兩位分別來自美國和新加坡小組主席：Gary Collyer--ABN AMRO Bank N.V., London, EnglandThe Consulting Group小組成員小組由來自26個國家的40余位專業(yè)人士組成小組成員來自銀行、運輸及物流、保險等不同行業(yè),2

14、024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,12,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,UCP600修訂的過程FIRST STEP---REVISION PROCESS：全面回顧UCP500實施以來ICC發(fā)布的各類出版物、意見書及決定，吸收其中的合理條款。關(guān)于正本單據(jù)關(guān)于開證申請人與受益人詳細(xì)地址關(guān)于預(yù)裝船提單裝運日期的確認(rèn),2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,13

15、,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,SECOND STEP---GENERAL OBJECTIVE：全面反映近年來國際銀行業(yè)、運輸業(yè)和保險業(yè)出現(xiàn)的變化，并體現(xiàn)一定的前瞻性；五個銀行工作日刪除了運輸行單據(jù)條款明確了保險單據(jù)可以由代理人（proxies）出具,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,14,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,全面檢討UCP500中的條款結(jié)構(gòu)和文字措辭。從A組到G組分類的模塊

16、式組合到流水式條款通俗易懂、簡約化的措辭 Nominated bank means the bank authorized in the credit to honour or negotiate or, in the case of a freely available credit, any bank. (UCP Draft June)Nominated bank means the bank with which the c

17、redit is available or any bank in the case of a credit available with any bank. (UCP Final Version),2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,15,UCP600產(chǎn)生的背景及過程,THIRD STEP---CO-OPERATION：建立穩(wěn)定的三級合作機制This revision of the UCP

18、represents the culmination of over three years of extensive analysis, review, debate and compromise amongst the various members of the Drafting Group, the members of the Banking Commission and the respective ICC national

19、 committees. ——From Gary Collyer,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,16,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,Advising bankApplicantBanking dayBeneficiaryComplying presentationConfirmationConfirming bank,CreditHonourIssuing ban

20、kNegotiationNominated bankPresentationPresenter,第一次系統(tǒng)地對有關(guān)信用證的14個概念進行了定義,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,17,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,Article 2 Definitions For the purpose of these rules: Advising bank means the bank

21、 that advises the credit at the request of the issuing bank. Applicant means the party on whose request the credit is issued.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,18,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,Banking day means a day on which

22、a bank is regularly open at the place at which an act subject to these rules is to be performed. Beneficiary means the party in whose favour a credit is issued.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,19,UCP600與UCP500的比較分

23、析,Complying presentation means a presentation that is in accordance with the terms and conditions of the credit, the applicable provisions of these rules and international standard banking practice. Confirmation means a

24、 definite undertaking of the confirming bank, in addition to that of the issuing bank, to honour or negotiate a complying presentation.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,20,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,Confirming bank means th

25、e bank that adds its confirmation to a credit upon the issuing bank’s authorization or request.Credit means any arrangement, however named or described, that is irrevocable and thereby constitutes a definite undertaking

26、 of the issuing bank to honour a complying presentation.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,21,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,Honour means: a.to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. b.to incur a deferred pa

27、yment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is available by deferred payment. c.to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.,2024/

28、4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,22,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,Honour means: a.to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. b.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit is availab

29、le by deferred payment. c.to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,23,,Article 19. Bank-to-Bank

30、Reimbursement Arrangementsa. If an Issuing Bank intends that the reimbursement to which a paying, accepting or negotiating bank is entitled, shall be obtained by such bank (the "Claiming Bank"), claiming on an

31、other party ( the"Reimbursing Bank"), it shall provide such Reimbursing Bank in good time with the proper instructions or authorization to honour such reimbursement claims. (UCP500) 第十九條 銀行間的償付約定a．開證行如欲通過另一銀行

32、（償付行）對付款行、承兌行或議付行（均稱“索償行”）履行償付時，開證行應(yīng)及時向償付行發(fā)出對此類索償予以償付的適當(dāng)指示或授權(quán)。,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,24,,hono(u)r 《英漢簡明辭典》 n.尊敬, 敬意, 榮譽, 光榮vt.尊敬, 給以榮譽《現(xiàn)代英漢綜合大辭典》vt.給...以光榮; 禮遇; 賜給尊敬; 崇拜【商】承兌; 兌現(xiàn) hono(u)r a check

33、承兌支票,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,25,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,Honour means: a.to pay at sight if the credit is available by sight payment. b.to incur a deferred payment undertaking and pay at maturity if the credit

34、is available by deferred payment. c.to accept a bill of exchange (“draft”) drawn by the beneficiary and pay at maturity if the credit is available by acceptance.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,26,UCP600與UCP500的比較

35、分析,Issuing bank means the bank that issues a credit at the request of an applicant or on its own behalf. Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank) and

36、/or documents under a complying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the nominated bank.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Re

37、served,27,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,關(guān)于議付UCP500 Article 10 （信用證的種類）Negotiation means the giving of value for Draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate. Mere examination of the documents without giving of

38、value does not constitute a negotiation.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,28,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,UCP500 Article 9 （開證行與保兌行的責(zé)任）An irrevocable Credit constitutes a definite undertaking of the Issuing Bank, provided th

39、at the stipulated documents are presented to the Nominated Bank or to the Issuing Bank and that the terms and conditions of the Credit are complied with: If the Credit provides for negotiation to pay without recourse

40、to drawers and/or bona fide holders, Draft(s) drawn by the Beneficiary and/or document(s) presented under the Credit,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,29,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,ICC Position Paper No 2 （第二號意見書）The Bankin

41、g Commission wishes to clarify that for the purposes of UCP 500, the phrase 'giving of value' in sub-Article 10(b)(ii) may be interpreted as either 'making immediate payment' (e.g. by cash, by cheque, by

42、remittance through a Clearing System or by credit to an account) or 'undertaking an obligation to make payment' (other than giving a deferred payment undertaking or accepting a draft).,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyrigh

43、t Reserved,30,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,ICC Publication No.459：關(guān)于追索權(quán)議付行在任何情況下均享有追索權(quán)，除非該行保兌了信用證（The Commission finally decided to make a distinction between credits available through payment and credit available through negotia

44、tion. As to the former ( available through payment),any recourse by the advising bank vis-à-vis the beneficiary was to be excluded if it had not expressed a reservation when making its payment. As to the latter cred

45、its ( available through negotiation), the advising bank always had a right of recourse, unless it had confirmed the credit”.）,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,31,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,ICC Publication No.596 R259：議付的追索權(quán)

46、銀行提供議付時所要求的條件，即是否保留追索權(quán)，不能由ICC來裁定。那些條件取決于當(dāng)?shù)胤杉白h付行與出口商之間的關(guān)系。應(yīng)由受益人來決定是否接受那些條件并在“保留追索”的條件下取得款項。在這些情況下，受益人最好使信用證可自由議付，以使他們能夠把單據(jù)提交給一家一旦接受單據(jù)將始終信守決定的被指定銀行。,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,32,案例研討,主證開證行：國內(nèi)A銀行主證受益人：嘉陵公司（

47、香港）主證交單行、背對背信用證開證行：R銀行香港分行背對背信用證議付行： STANDARD CHARTERED BANK MALAYSIA BERHAD,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,33,背景,99年10月26日，A開立信用證號為LCXXXX152/99，金額為USD1,400,000.00，受益人為“嘉陵公司”，信用證的付款期限為見票后85 天，適用任何銀行自由議付10月29日，嘉

48、陵公司憑上述信用證向R申請開立背對背信用證，證號為ILC90512，受益人為 “Shin Yang公司”，金額為USD1,315,000.00，期限為即期，自由議付信用證通過馬來西亞渣打銀行通知受益人,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,34,,11月5日，R銀行從渣打銀行收到背對背信用證項下單據(jù)。渣打銀行在面函上聲明：已議付相符的單據(jù)R銀行審單后亦認(rèn)為單證相符11月9日，嘉陵公司向R銀行提

49、交主證項下全套單據(jù)，金額為USD1,401,495.42，期限為85 days sight，并指示R銀行：“Please negotiate the above bill and pay our import bill under your L/C No. ILC90512 favouring Shin Yang Trading Sdn., Bhd. for USD1,316,404.63”,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Cop

50、yright Reserved,35,交單,11月12日，R銀行將主證項下單據(jù)以快郵方式寄給A銀行，其面函上聲明：我行已議付單據(jù)11月19日，R銀行匯出USD1,316,344.63給渣打銀行，完成了其背對背信用證項下的付款,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,36,拒付,11月15日，A銀行收到R銀行提交的單據(jù)11月22日， A銀行發(fā)出拒付，理由：產(chǎn)地證系由受益人出具、經(jīng)當(dāng)?shù)厣虝雍灥?，并?/p>

51、信用證中要求的由當(dāng)?shù)厣虝鼍?。同時聲明：“保留單據(jù)聽候處理，一旦申請人接受不符點即放單，除非在此之前收到相反的指示?！?2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,37,中止付款,11月23日， A銀行收到法院的《協(xié)助執(zhí)行通知書》，以受益人嘉陵公司提交的不是主證項下的單據(jù)涉嫌欺詐為由，要求A銀行：查封、扣押LCXXXX152/99信用證項下所有單據(jù)停止支付LCXXXX152/99信用證項下款項A銀行

52、當(dāng)日將該情況通知R銀行,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,38,交涉,11月24日，R銀行致電A銀行，稱其所遞交的單據(jù)已符合信用證條款，同時聲明：作為議付行，即使在發(fā)生欺詐的情況下，也有權(quán)要求A銀行償付A銀行以如下理由堅持拒付：不符點成立；否認(rèn)R銀行的議付行地位，認(rèn)為其只是履行背對背信用證項下義務(wù)而已憑法院的止付令,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserve

53、d,39,,2000年7月，法院以證據(jù)不足為由，駁回了R銀行提出的要求撤銷止付裁定申請。法院認(rèn)為：1999年11月19日，R銀行于支付給渣打銀行的款項只是履行了其第ILC90512號背靠背信用證項下的付款義務(wù)R銀行向A銀行提交單據(jù)的行為應(yīng)認(rèn)定為委托寄單索匯，也就是說，R銀行所處的地位只是托收行。因此，止付裁定并未損害R銀行作為托收銀行的相關(guān)利益,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,40,訴訟,

54、2001年9月10日，R銀行在香港正式起訴A銀行。該案于2004年5月在香港高等法院開庭審理，第一審判A銀行勝訴。R銀行未提起上訴,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,41,判決,A銀行所提的不符點不成立，且拒付通知也不符合UCP500第14條的規(guī)定R銀行的議付行地位不成立，其只能作為嘉陵公司的委托寄單行，因此，R銀行無權(quán)向A銀行主張要求獲得賠償?shù)臋?quán)利R銀行沒有對單據(jù)做無追索的買斷，盡管R銀

55、行在其1999年11月12日的面函中聲稱其已議付該單據(jù)，但實際上當(dāng)天并未發(fā)生任何支付行為,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,42,,R銀行于1999年11月19日向其背靠背信用證受益人所支付的金額為USD1,316,344.63的款項只是解除了其背靠背信用證項下自身的付款責(zé)任，并不是對主證項下單據(jù)的議付行為。因為，R銀行并未對主證項下單據(jù)向嘉陵公司做出扣除銀行費用、融資利息后的全額款項，即USD

56、1,401,495.42R銀行并未向嘉陵公司的帳戶支付任何款項，而金額為USD1,316,344.63的款項并未先貸記嘉陵公司的帳戶，而是直接用于支付背靠背信用證項下的支款金額為USD1,316,344.63的融資，R銀行是作為進口融資而不是出口融資記錄在冊的,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,43,,議付的構(gòu)成要件議付的時間議付的金額,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyri

57、ght Reserved,44,,議付定義的演變UCP500：Negotiation means the giving of value for Draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate. Mere examination of the documents without giving of value does not constitute a n

58、egotiation.UCP600：Negotiation means the purchase by the nominated bank of drafts (drawn on a bank other than the nominated bank) and/or documents under a complying presentation, by advancing or agreeing to advance funds

59、 to the beneficiary on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the nominated bank.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,45,,單證實務(wù)：信用證中規(guī)定：THE AMOUNT OF THE INVOICES AND/OR DRAFT(S) MUST BE ENDORSED ON

60、THE REVERSE OF THIS CREDIT。問：銀行能否憑副本信用證為受益人辦理議付/交單？答案：可以/不可以。,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,46,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,Nominated bank means the bank with which the credit is available or any bank in the case of a cr

61、edit available with any bank. Presentation means either the delivery of documents under a credit to the issuing bank or nominated bank or the documents so delivered. Presenter means a beneficiary, bank or other party t

62、hat makes a presentation.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,47,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,刪除了那些表達不確切、內(nèi)容已過時及與國際貿(mào)易實務(wù)相脫節(jié)的條款條款總數(shù)由UCP500的49條縮減為39條，且不再分類刪除了信用證“可撤銷”的概念(Art.6 of UCP500)刪除了運輸行單據(jù)條款(Art.39 of UCP500)刪除了運輸單據(jù)之“不得含有載

63、運船只僅以風(fēng)帆為動力的批注” (Art.23 of UCP500)刪除了運輸單據(jù)之額外費用的列舉條款(Art.33 of UCP500),2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,48,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,確立了新的國際結(jié)算實務(wù)操作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)銀行審核單據(jù)的時間縮短為5天A nominated bank acting on its nomination, a confirming ban

64、k, if any, and the issuing bank shall each have a maximum of five banking days following the day of presentation to determine if a presentation is complying.,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,49,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,明確

65、了受益人對修改保持沉默不等于接受修改A provision in an amendment to the effect that the amendment shall enter into force unless rejected by the beneficiary within a certain time shall be disregarded.(Art.10),2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright R

66、eserved,50,,實務(wù)：MT700/47AIN CASE AMENDMENT(S) HAVE BEEN ISSUED UNDER THE L/C, A BENEFICIARY’S CERTIFICATE IS TO BE PRESENTED MENTIONING THIS L/C NUMBER, LISTING THE AMENDMENT(S) RECEIVED AND CONFIRMING ACCEPTANCE OR REJE

67、CTION OF THE AMENDMENT(S) IN A MANNER NOT INCONSISTENT WITH ANY PREVIOUS NOTIFICATION GIVEN BY THE BENEFICIARY BEFORE,2024/4/2,Yuqiang @ Copyright Reserved,51,UCP600與UCP500的比較分析,增加了實務(wù)操作性條款即使單據(jù)遺失，開證行也必須付款Provided that t

68、he stipulated documents are presented to the nominated bank or to the issuing bank and that they constitute a complying presentation, the issuing bank must honour (Art.7)An issuing bank is irrevocably bound to honour as