全球創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)研究報(bào)告

1、1《全球創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)研究報(bào)告》《全球創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)研究報(bào)告》1目錄目錄1.1.導(dǎo)言導(dǎo)言..............................................................................................................21.1基本概念..............................................................

2、........................................................................31.1.1創(chuàng)業(yè)..................................................................................................................................31.1.2創(chuàng)業(yè)者.

3、.............................................................................................................................41.1.3創(chuàng)業(yè)精神.....................................................................................

4、.....................................41.1.4創(chuàng)業(yè)型企業(yè).....................................................................................................................51.1.5創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)............................................

5、..........................................................................61.1.6創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境..........................................................................................................................61.1.7創(chuàng)業(yè)政策....

6、......................................................................................................................71.1.8創(chuàng)業(yè)教育............................................................................................

7、..............................81.2創(chuàng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)興起的緣由.................................................................................................................91.2.1宏觀方面的原因...................................................

8、...........................................................91.2.2微觀方面的原因............................................................................................................101.3創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要性..........................

9、.....................................................................................111.3.1促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展................................................................................................................111.3.2增加就

10、業(yè)崗位................................................................................................................121.3.3實(shí)現(xiàn)科技進(jìn)步............................................................................................

11、...................122.2.創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)理論：起源、本質(zhì)及概念模型創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)理論：起源、本質(zhì)及概念模型................................13132.1創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的起源..........................................................................................................

12、..........132.1.1企業(yè)家生產(chǎn)要素的非獨(dú)立地位....................................................................................142.1.2企業(yè)家“市場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)者”功能的確立............................................................................152.1.3企

13、業(yè)家生產(chǎn)要素的獨(dú)立地位........................................................................................172.2創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的本質(zhì)............................................................................................................

14、........182.2.1生產(chǎn)要素以企業(yè)家稟賦為核心....................................................................................182.2.2新創(chuàng)企業(yè)以中小型企業(yè)為主........................................................................................1

15、92.2.3融資方式以風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資為主...........................................................................................202.2.4經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)以知識(shí)外溢和擴(kuò)大競(jìng)爭(zhēng)為主要途徑............................................................202.3創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的概念模型...........

16、................................................................................................212.3.1Wennekers和Thurik模型.........................................................................................212.3.2全球創(chuàng)

17、業(yè)觀察（GEM）概念模型..................................................................................223創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的美中概況創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的美中概況..................................................................23233.1美國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)典型模式：硅谷模式..........

18、..........................................................................233.1.1硅谷模式的歷史由來(lái)....................................................................................................233.1.2硅谷模式的種類................

19、............................................................................................253.1.3硅谷模式的成功因素....................................................................................................293.2中國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)

20、的發(fā)展及挑戰(zhàn)................................................................................................383.2.1創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀................................................................................................393.2

21、.2中國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)........................................................................................404.4.面向創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的國(guó)別創(chuàng)業(yè)教育面向創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的國(guó)別創(chuàng)業(yè)教育............................................................42424.1面向創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的美國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)教育...

22、.........................................................................................434.1.1美國(guó)創(chuàng)業(yè)教育簡(jiǎn)史........................................................................................................434.1.2美國(guó)高校創(chuàng)

23、業(yè)教育模型................................................................................................444.1.3美國(guó)高校創(chuàng)業(yè)教育的特點(diǎn)和實(shí)踐................................................................................451本報(bào)告屬于非公開(kāi)發(fā)表作品，使用

24、時(shí)請(qǐng)注意“著作權(quán)法”相關(guān)規(guī)定。3圖1經(jīng)合組織（OECD）六國(guó)的創(chuàng)業(yè)率（企業(yè)主相對(duì)于勞工總數(shù)的比例）1隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，自由化導(dǎo)致全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的加強(qiáng)，創(chuàng)業(yè)已成為21世紀(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的源動(dòng)力。既有研究表明，當(dāng)前討論的“創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)”主要的對(duì)象是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，創(chuàng)業(yè)政策主要是發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家政策決策者關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。事實(shí)上，對(duì)于面臨“貧困、就業(yè)”難題，努力獲取國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，尤其是中國(guó)，借鑒歐美經(jīng)驗(yàn)，推動(dòng)創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展就顯得尤其重要和緊迫。正因?yàn)榇?，全球?chuàng)業(yè)

25、型經(jīng)濟(jì)論壇與KAB創(chuàng)業(yè)教育（中國(guó)）研究所合作開(kāi)展了全球創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的初步研究，該研究主要關(guān)注四個(gè)領(lǐng)域：第一，創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)理論：起源、本質(zhì)和模型；第二，創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的美中概況；第三，面向創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的國(guó)別創(chuàng)業(yè)教育；第四，面向創(chuàng)業(yè)型經(jīng)濟(jì)的國(guó)別創(chuàng)業(yè)政策。1.11.1基本概念基本概念1.1.11.1.1創(chuàng)業(yè)創(chuàng)業(yè)《英漢雙解劍橋國(guó)際英語(yǔ)詞典》中，“創(chuàng)業(yè)”的英文單詞是“enterprise“，其含義為“一種商業(yè)組織或者一種可以贏利的計(jì)劃?！?熊彼特

26、（Schumpeter）對(duì)創(chuàng)業(yè)的定義是：“強(qiáng)調(diào)革新，包含新的產(chǎn)品、新的生產(chǎn)方法、新的市場(chǎng)、新的組織形式。財(cái)富就是在滿足新的需求的革新的活動(dòng)中被創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。從這個(gè)角度來(lái)說(shuō)，創(chuàng)業(yè)者可以被視為那些將各種不同的因素組合在一項(xiàng)革新性的活動(dòng)中，并以此滿足消費(fèi)者的需求的人。同時(shí)，他們也希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的價(jià)值要超越原來(lái)的各因素的價(jià)值總和，并且能夠創(chuàng)造出新財(cái)富?！?。美國(guó)百森商學(xué)院被譽(yù)為“創(chuàng)業(yè)教育之父”1摘自Audretsch&Thurik（2004）。2普洛克特