英語四級考試資料ppt-快速閱讀

1、大學(xué)英語四級考試閱讀講座,第一講：快速閱讀,四級考快速閱讀解題攻略,1. 快速閱讀新舊題型改革概述2. 快速閱讀部分考點透視3. 快速閱讀的解題思路與應(yīng)試技巧,,四級考試長對話新舊題型改革概述,快速閱讀是2006年6月四級考試改革后添加的新題型，快速閱讀緊跟在寫作之后，是新四級的第二部分，分值占閱讀部分的28.6%，占全卷的10%。,,,,快速閱讀要求考生在15分鐘內(nèi)完成約1000詞的文章和后面的10道題。2006年6月-2007

2、年6月的快速閱讀前面7題是是非判斷題（Y, N, NG），最近幾回的快速閱讀前面7題是選擇題；后面3題題型不變，是填空題，要求考生根據(jù)閱讀理解，填上所缺部分?？焖匍喿x主要在于測試各種快速閱讀技能，特別是短時間內(nèi)抓住主題（skimming）和定位信息(scanning)的能力。,,,快速閱讀考點透視,,快速閱讀的解題思路與應(yīng)試技巧,1. 解題三步驟 2. 快速閱讀基本方法 3. 快速閱讀高分技巧,,,1）閱讀題目以預(yù)測文章內(nèi)容。2

3、）瀏覽文章抓大意。3）根據(jù)題干尋答案。,,1. 解題三步驟,,1）略讀(skimming) 要求讀者有選擇的進行閱讀，跳過某些細(xì)節(jié)抓住文章的大概，從而加快閱讀速度。2）尋讀 (scanning)尋讀是針對細(xì)節(jié)題的一種有效解題方法，通過題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，然后快速在文章中搜索這一關(guān)鍵詞來解題。,,2. 快速閱讀基本方法,,Skimming 瀏覽了解文章大意How: Read only selected sentences.

4、Use textual clues such as italicized or underlined words, headlines or subtitles, etc.,,2. 快速閱讀基本方法,,瀏覽5種基本方法瀏覽的關(guān)鍵在于對信息進行取舍，抓大放小。在做快速閱讀時下面這些方法有住于我們快速抓住文章大意。（1）注意印刷細(xì)節(jié)（2）閱讀文章開頭的一、二段，了解文章體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)（3）閱讀段落的主題句和結(jié)論句。（4）注意連接詞的

5、使用（5）閱讀結(jié)尾段，了解作者的結(jié)論和態(tài)度。,,1. Skimming 瀏覽,,（1）注意印刷細(xì)節(jié)(typographical details)如文章的標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題、小標(biāo)題、斜體字、黑體字、腳注、標(biāo)點符號等。通過對文章的標(biāo)題、副標(biāo)題、小標(biāo)題進行預(yù)測瀏覽，可以了解作者的寫作思路和文章的結(jié)構(gòu)框架，預(yù)測有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)。,,瀏覽5種基本方法,,如2008年6月的考題：文章標(biāo)題：Media Selection for Advertisemen

6、ts副標(biāo)題：TelevisionNewspapersRadioMagazinesOut of home advertisingInternetDirect mail,,（2）閱讀文章開頭的一、二段，了解文章體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)四級閱讀以議論文和說明文為主。文章體裁不同，閱讀時關(guān)注的重點就不一樣。說明文要注意文中的定義、概念、重要數(shù)據(jù)和細(xì)節(jié)；議論文要注意作者的觀點、態(tài)度和結(jié)論。文章結(jié)構(gòu)不同，文章的重心也存在差異。現(xiàn)象解釋型、問題解

7、決方案型的文章重在解釋和方案，文章重心靠后；結(jié)論解釋型文章，結(jié)論和解釋都同樣重要，文章重心處于一前一尾。,,瀏覽5種基本方法,,,（3）閱讀段落的主題句和結(jié)論句。抓住主題句就掌握了段落大意。大多數(shù)主題句位于段首，結(jié)論句位于段末。（4）注意連接詞的使用常用的連接詞預(yù)示著文章信息的走向。轉(zhuǎn)折詞如however, moreover, in spite of等往往表示信息的前后對立；并列詞in addition to, besides和序

8、列詞firstly, secondly等是信息的對等。（5）閱讀結(jié)尾段，了解作者的結(jié)論和態(tài)度。,,瀏覽5種基本方法,,,Scanning（1）Scanning 略讀定位查找信息 to scan is to read quickly in order to locate or find the place in a piece of writing where a particular item of information is

9、given and to take in that item of information. This kind of reading involves no reading in any detail of large sections of the pieces of writing.,,2. Scanning 略讀,,,略讀基本步驟 略讀技巧（1）尋找信號詞。（2）巧用標(biāo)點符號,,Scanning,,略讀基本步驟：1. R

10、ead the questions. 2. Find out key words.3. Move your eyes as quickly as possible down the page until you find the information you need. Read it carefully.4. When you find what you need, do not read further.,,2. Scann

11、ing,,,（1）尋找信號詞。在文章的瀏覽過程中，對文中信息重要性的判斷可以幫助讀者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在瀏覽過程中，讀者可以通過尋找“信號詞”來區(qū)分重要信息和非重要信息。以下列出的是閱讀過程中常見的幾類“信號詞”。 A. 以下詞組提示下文所涉及的重要信息：　　 The main/important point/conclusion/ reason…. The point to note here…B. 以下詞組提

12、示了下文的結(jié)構(gòu)框架：　 There are three major reasons…,,略讀技巧,,,,（1）尋找信號詞。C. 轉(zhuǎn)折詞but，however 等表示信息的前后對比。The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate.D. 并列連詞 moreover, in additio

13、n to, besides 和序列詞 firstly, secondly等，預(yù)示信息的對等。E. 表示因果關(guān)系：as a result, owing to, therefore, hence, consequently, because, because of, for, due to, hence等。F. 表示例證關(guān)系：for example, for instance等舉例是為了解釋說明，因此例子前面的說明和后面的結(jié)論就是重點

14、信息。,,略讀技巧,,,,（1）尋找信號詞。G. 在文中提問可以突出問題后的答案，提示讀者答案中有重要信息，例如：Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood.H. 有時，為了保證讀者完全理解自己的觀點，作者會在文中反復(fù)提出自己的觀點，例如：De

15、ath control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.,,略讀技巧,,,（1）尋找信號詞。 I. 文章的結(jié)論通常是非常重要的，因此，讀者要在文中尋找提示結(jié)論的“信號詞”，如：Therefore the result…In conclusion we can

16、conclude…One of the primary conclusions…,,略讀技巧,,,,（2）巧用標(biāo)點符號破折號、冒號和小括號在文章中起解釋說明的作用，巧用這些符號一方面可以讓我們理解生詞或難句。另一方面，這些標(biāo)點符號是為了突出前面的信息，如果不需要，我們就可以把這些標(biāo)點符號后面的細(xì)節(jié)忽略，從而加快閱讀速度。例如：,,2. 快速閱讀基本方法,,,,（2）巧用標(biāo)點符號The developing countries a

17、re dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton.Precipitating/ unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…Dump—an open hole in the ground where trash is buri

18、ed and that is full of various animals (tats, mice, birds). (This is most people’s idea of a landfill!).,,2. 快速閱讀基本方法,,,1. 定位信息是關(guān)鍵, 先確定大的范圍，然后再根據(jù)題目的具體信息鎖定目標(biāo)。2. 掌握規(guī)律助答題 （1）多項選擇題4大特點（2）填空題解題技巧,,3. 快速閱讀高分技巧,,A.原文照搬由于快速閱

19、讀主要考查的是考生的閱讀速度，所以四級考卷的命題者對相當(dāng)比例的題目，只要求考生能夠找出原文相對應(yīng)的位置，就可以選出正確答案。B.同義轉(zhuǎn)述多項選擇的答案通常是原話的同義替換，以同義詞或近義詞取代部分原話內(nèi)容。,,多項選擇題4大特點,,4．How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?A．They organize a series of

20、 seminars on world economyB．They offer them various courses in international politicsC．They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus programD．They give them chances for international study or internshipAnd in t

21、he United States, institutions are helping place students in the summer internships （實習(xí)） abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one internation

22、al study or internship opportunity—and providing the financial resources to make it possible.,,C.概括大意概括大意題有可能是概括整篇文章的大意，也有可能是概括某一個段落的大意。D. 肯定否定變換通常命題方式是原文用否定句，考題既是肯定句，或者是原文用肯定句，考題用否定句。,,多項選擇題4大特點,,A.原文照搬?？焖匍喿x中的填空題很多都

23、可以照搬原文中的表達。B.同義轉(zhuǎn)述?？焖匍喿x中的填空題很多都是原文的同義轉(zhuǎn)述。C.細(xì)節(jié)歸納。這樣的題目較難，因為考生需要運用自己的綜合知識靈活處理。,,填空題解題技巧,,10．The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and________.They fail to

24、 grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and— like immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation,Listening: 201

25、2.6,Long Conversations,Long Conversations,考點位置：對話的特征決定了這些內(nèi)容往往在文中問答交替處，尤其是問題的回答部分?？键c：短對話中的反問、建議、原因等內(nèi)容。,答題技巧,先縱后橫開頭原則 (前3句往往出第一個考點)同義替換 graduate = finish school轉(zhuǎn)折詞細(xì)節(jié)題（做好筆記）,,A) Hosting an evening TV program. B) Hav

26、ing her bicycle repaired. C) Lecturing on business management. D) Conducting a market survey.A) He repaired bicycles. B) He served as a consultant. C) He worked as a salesman.D) He coached in a racing club.A) He

27、 wanted to be his own boss.B) He found it more profitable.C) He didn’t want to start from scratch.D) He didn’t want to be in too much debt.A) They work five days a week. B) They are all the man’s friends. C) They a

28、re paid by the hour.D) They all enjoy gambling.,,A) It has gradually given way to service industry.B) It remains a major part of industrial activity.C) It has a history as long as paper processing.D) It accounts for

29、80 percent of the region’s GDP. A) Transport problems.B) Shortage of funding. C) Lack of resources. D) poor management.A) Competition from rival companies. B) Product promotion campaigns. C) Possible locations for

30、 a new factory D) Measures to create job opportunities.,,Section BPassages,Passages,以議論文、說明文和記敘文三大體裁為基礎(chǔ)。 考點：議論文：論點、分論點、典型論據(jù)以及結(jié)論和作者態(tài)度方面等；說明文：說明對象、說明對象各方面的特點等；記敘文：以短小故事類為主，考察事情的起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。,Passages,考試技巧：文章開篇首三句：中心論點、說

31、明對象、事情起因；文末：議論文的結(jié)論、作者態(tài)度、記敘文的結(jié)果；文中：分論點與說明對象各方面特點都有比較明顯的抽象性，而典型論據(jù)則具備典型詞匯的輔助，如first, main, only, vital, crucial, chief, major, above all, 最高級表達等。,,考試發(fā)展形勢：以說明文為主導(dǎo)，綜合了各類文章考試特點而形成的綜合式段子成為了我們的考試主流?？疾禳c依然集中在文章開篇3句、結(jié)尾3句以及文章中間典型論

32、據(jù)、原因轉(zhuǎn)折、反復(fù)重復(fù)之處。,,A)They shared mutual friends in school.B) They had known each other since childhood.C) They shared many extracurricular activities.D) They had many interests in common.A) At a local club. B) At Joe’s

33、 house. C) At the sports center.D) At the bearing school.A) Durable friendships can be very difficult to maintain.B) One has to be respectful of other people in order to win respect.C) It is hard for people from dif

34、ferent backgrounds to become friendsD) Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other,,A) Near the entrance of a park. B) In his building’s parking lot C) At a parking meter.D) At a street corner.

35、A) It had been taken by the police B) It had keen moved to the next block. C) In had been stolen by someone.D) It had been parked at a wrong placeA) At the Greenville center. B) At a public parking lot. C) In

36、 a neighboring town.D) In a city garage.,,A) Famous creative individuals. B) The mysteriousness of creativity. C) A major scientific discovery.D) Creativity as shown in arts.A) It is something people all engage in.

37、B) It helps people acquire knowledge. C) It starts soon after we are born.D) It is the source of all artistic work.A) Creative imagination. B) Logical reasoning C) Natural curiosity.D) Critical thinking.A) It is

38、beyond ordinary people. B) It is yet to be fully understood. C) It is part of everyday life.D) It is a unique human trait.,,,復(fù)合式聽寫,1）前8個小詞是自己的問題，多注意一些詞語如：Majority, frequently, environment, government, mechanism, corre

39、spondence, architecture, artificial, cooperation, coordination, specialist等字母很多但是平時又比較熟悉的詞語。2）評分辦法?長句子的原文重現(xiàn),,,復(fù)合式聽寫,3） 概括的三種辦法Doctors have strongly encouraged their patients to do more physical exercise in their daily

40、life. （主干提取法）We can know about running from numerous running clubs, books, and magazines (many media).Will it last long? Only time will tell or until another passion comes along (Nobody knows).,,,補充：特殊句型總結(jié),一、形肯定意否定的句型

41、二、形否定意肯定的句型,,,一、形肯定意否定的句型,1、I’d like to／I’d love to，but．．． —The students’ English club is having a party on Saturday night. Can you come？ —I would like to, but I work at a restaurant on weekends．,,,2、使用虛擬語氣If the tra

42、ffic wasn’t so bad, I could have been home by 6:00. What a pity! John was here to see you.又如： —Do you like physics?—Well, I wish it were interesting.,,5、anything but句型?；疽馑肌俺酝獾娜魏问挛铩被颉案静弧?。如： —Everyone is helping

43、 out with dinner. Could you make the soup? —Anything but that．,,6、由一些特殊短語構(gòu)成的句型。 —You’re not much of a rock and roll fan, are you？ —It’s far from being my favorite kind of music, that’s for sure．—Can you possibly lend

44、 me $ 10 until pay-day? —It's out of the question.,out of question,,,二、形否定意肯定的句型,1、Why don’t you／Why not．．．?—John, I don’t know what to get for your father. He has just about everything, doesn’t he? Do you have a

45、ny suggestions? —Why don't you get him a pocket calculator?,,,二、形否定意肯定的句型,2、Do you mind…? 問句的回答用No, of course not. 或者Not at all．如： —Do you mind if I borrow your note? —No, of course not. They are on my desk．,,,二、

46、形否定意肯定的句型,3、not．．．until．．．句型。如： —When can the doctor see me？ —He won’t be free until tomorrow．,,,4、not．．．more／better構(gòu)成的特殊句型。 —I think it’s high time we turned our attention to the danger of drunk driving now． —I can

47、’t agree with you more. You see countless innocent people are killed by drunk drivers each year．—How is your business, Bob？ —Sales have never been better.,,,5、Without a doubt; Don’t mention it; No problem等作為回答的否定句型。如：

48、 —Do you think we have to review the chapter of Industrial Revolution？ —Without a doubt, it will be on the exam．,,,6、由一些除not和never之外的否定詞如hardly, seldom , scarcely, rarely等構(gòu)成的句型。如： —What a surprise! Tim has improved hi