從“他”的顯現(xiàn)到“我”的凸顯

1、 I 摘 要 傳記是中國最古老的文類之一，從《史記》到近代傳記的出現(xiàn)，中國傳記展示了其長盛不衰的的生命力。然而傳記創(chuàng)作的嬗變卻是緩慢的，至近代，在西方思想文化的沖擊和傳記文學(xué)自身發(fā)展規(guī)律的雙重作用下，中國傳記文學(xué)的古典時期才得以終結(jié)，逐漸走向現(xiàn)代。目前，對近現(xiàn)代傳記文學(xué)在發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)的新特征及其價值研究，學(xué)界還沒有突出的成果， 而當(dāng)前的研究呈現(xiàn)出個案研究集中、 他轉(zhuǎn)與自傳對立研究突出的狀況，且主要集中在梁啟超，胡適，郁達(dá)夫等人的自傳作

2、品和他們的理論成果研究上，還有分別研究近代傳記文學(xué)和現(xiàn)代傳記文學(xué)的成果。 本文擬把近現(xiàn)代傳記文學(xué)作為一個整體進(jìn)行研究，力圖展現(xiàn)近現(xiàn)代傳記文學(xué)在發(fā)展過程中從寫作形式到內(nèi)涵品質(zhì)的變化。對自我的追求是社會現(xiàn)代性的內(nèi)在精神要求，而在近現(xiàn)代傳記文學(xué)的嬗變中，敘述方式從重故事性到重個體發(fā)展的轉(zhuǎn)變，關(guān)注視角由外部環(huán)境向個體內(nèi)心的切換，對主體構(gòu)建從他人到自我的轉(zhuǎn)換，都是本文即將研究的對象。本論文擬厘清近現(xiàn)代傳記文學(xué)的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，闡釋嬗變發(fā)生現(xiàn)象、原因和嬗

3、變意義，以期為中國近現(xiàn)代傳記文學(xué)嬗變的整體化、系統(tǒng)化研究提供可借鑒的范式，也為進(jìn)一步了解傳記文學(xué)的發(fā)展規(guī)律提供資料。 本文共分為四個章節(jié)。 第一章節(jié)分兩節(jié)， 第一節(jié)介紹晚晴最大的文學(xué)流派 “桐城派”在墓志碑文的創(chuàng)作中出現(xiàn)的新特點(diǎn)， 以及如何為近代傳記的發(fā)生做了文體和品質(zhì)方面的準(zhǔn)備。第二節(jié)介紹晚晴后期出現(xiàn)的類傳記文本，分為兩類，一類是官方派出的使西大臣的日記和游記，另一類是民間的游記和日記，這兩類文本都為近現(xiàn)代傳記的勃興做了思想和寫作上的

4、準(zhǔn)備。第二章節(jié)主要介紹近現(xiàn)代傳記理論的發(fā)展和嬗變。第一節(jié)論述“傳記主體性”的發(fā)現(xiàn)，梁啟超指出歷史和傳記的文體差別，并強(qiáng)調(diào)傳記文學(xué)的主體性。第二節(jié)論述“傳記文學(xué)”概念的提出，胡適對梁啟超傳記真實觀有所繼承和發(fā)展，并對傳記的文學(xué)性提出了要求。第三節(jié)論述郁達(dá)夫的“新的傳記”的觀念。他明確了傳記中文學(xué)性因素的重要性，并指出現(xiàn)代傳記的主要藝術(shù)品格在于“立人”；且從創(chuàng)作心理的真實觀角度出發(fā)，為研究傳記文學(xué)如何探索人的私生活和感情心理活動提供理論依據(jù)

5、。第四節(jié)論述了朱東潤對“傳記文學(xué)”的精準(zhǔn)定位。他對“傳記文學(xué)”這一概念進(jìn)行了嚴(yán)密的界定，并指出自傳和傳記差別。他從理論上界定了“人”是傳記的目的，并對如何寫“人”進(jìn)行充分的理論闡釋。第三章論述近現(xiàn)代傳記文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的嬗變。第一節(jié)講述近代III ABSTRACT Biography is one of China's most ancient genre, from Shih Chi in ancient times to moder

6、n biography, China's biography shows its prosperous vitality. However, the development of the biography is slow, Chinese biography literature starts its modern times after it put an end to the classical period until

7、modern times in the dual impact of western culture and literary biography rule of development. At present, the research in new features and its value of modem biography literature does not have outstanding achievement, a

8、nd the current study presents a concentration study on individual cases and independent research on somebody autobiography, today’s study mainly in Liang Qichao, Hu shi, Yu Dafu and otherone's autobiography works and

9、 theory achievement, or research on modern biography literature and modern literary biography, respectively. This paper intends to study the modern biographical literature as a whole, tries to show the changes on writing

10、 or quality in the development of modern literary biography. Pursuit of self is the inner requirement of social modernity, in the transmutation of modern literary biography, narrative transformation from story to individ

11、ual development, change from the external environment to inner individual, the main building to the self from others, all of this is the research objects in this paper, it intends to clarify the development of modem biog

12、raphy literature context, interpret phenomenon, the change reason and meaning of evolution. It provides referential paradigm for the integration research on the changes in the modern literary biography, meanwhile it offe

13、rs data of systematic research on the development rule of biography literature. This article is divided into four chapters. The first chapter involves two sections, the first section recommends the new features in the in

14、scriptions creation of Tong Cheng School, the greatest literary genre in late Qing Dynasty, and the preparatory work in style and quality for the occurrence of modern biography. The second section recommends two kinds of

15、 biography text of late Qing Dynasty, one kind is official envoy’s diaries and travel notes, another kind is civil travel note and diary, the two types of text all contribute to modern biography of thought and writing pr

16、eparation. The second chapter mainly introduces the development of modem biography theory. Chinese's biography literature gives priority to theory development. The first section describes Liang Qichao's theory of