國外paper寫作-moral justice of affirmative action in education

1、擺渡論文網(wǎng)（www.baydue.com）--專業(yè)留學(xué)生作業(yè)輔導(dǎo)中心擺渡論文網(wǎng)（BayDue）為留學(xué)生提供高效、優(yōu)質(zhì)的 essay 寫作服務(wù)國外 paper 寫作-Moral Justice of Affirmative Action in EducationIntroduction介紹In America, the ethnic minorities have no opportunities to enjoy any prefere

2、ntial points in college entrance examinations, nevertheless, their equal rights in college enrollment, employment and other related aspects are being protected. Government, colleges and enterprises are supposed to provi

3、de all the applicants with equal opportunities for competition as much as possible, avoiding any discrimination caused by differences in skin, gender, religion or other factors. This is the main claim of Affirmative Act

4、ion. In practice, women and minorities generally possess an unfavorable position in economical and social life. Affirmative action has the same goal as equal opportunity, but differs from equal opportunity in being proac

5、tive (Burstein 1994). With the Affirmative Action, employers usually incline to them slightly to increase their chances of being employed. However, the Affirmative Action, which stars from a good point, has suffered unp

6、recedented challenges in the past a few years. Many people think that the Affirmative Action seems to be overcorrect, especially in education. The policy is too biased to protect the interest of the minority groups, whi

7、ch leads to inequality among the majority of the white and men, averting the discrimination (Crosby & Cordova 1996). This reverse discrimination makes competition become more unequal in another direction.在美國，少數(shù)民族在高考中

8、沒有享受任何優(yōu)惠的機(jī)會，但是他們在入學(xué)、就業(yè)等方面的平等權(quán)利得到了保障。政府、高校和企業(yè)應(yīng)盡可能為所有申請人提供平等的競爭機(jī)會，避免因膚色、性別、宗教或其他因素的差異而造成的歧視。這是肯定行動(dòng)的主要主張。在實(shí)踐中，婦女和少數(shù)民族在經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會生活中普 遍處于不利地位。主動(dòng)行動(dòng)的目標(biāo)與機(jī)會均等相同，但與主動(dòng)行動(dòng)的機(jī)會均等不同（Burstein 1994）。通過平權(quán)行動(dòng)，雇主通常會稍微傾向于他們，以增加 他們被雇用的機(jī)會。然而，在過去的幾年

9、里，這一積極的行動(dòng)，從一個(gè)良好的 角度來看，遭受了前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。許多人認(rèn)為，平權(quán)行動(dòng)似乎過于正確，特別是在教育方面。這項(xiàng)政策過于偏袒，無法保護(hù)少數(shù)群體的利益，導(dǎo)致大多數(shù) 白人和男性不平等，從而避免了歧視（克羅斯比和科爾多瓦，1996 年）。這種 反向歧視使得競爭在另一個(gè)方向上變得更加不平等。Historical Development歷史發(fā)展Affirmative Action is a policy in the 1960s, wi

10、th the rise of the American Black Movement and the women’s movement. This was firstly initiated by the President Johnson 1965, arguing that colleges and enterprises should incline to minorities and women when conductin

11、g enrollment and employment (Nittle 2017). The purpose was to change historical discrimination against the blacks and women for a long 擺渡論文網(wǎng)（www.baydue.com）--專業(yè)留學(xué)生作業(yè)輔導(dǎo)中心擺渡論文網(wǎng)（BayDue）為留學(xué)生提供高效、優(yōu)質(zhì)的 essay 寫作服務(wù)another 20 poin

12、ts to those minority applicants for the university. However, the Supreme Courts also admitted its legitimation for increasing ethnic diversity while inclining to the minorities. The case is another presentation of the

13、Bakke Case in 1978. The Supreme Court supports the Affirmative Action in principle but opposes to fixing the effectiveness of Affirmative Action in a quantitative way.Supporting Arguments on Affirmative ActionThe initia

14、l motivation and purpose of the Affirmative Action was considerably good and positive. But its was inevitable to suffer from controversies and debates during its implementation process, with overcorrect tendencies. The

15、supporters for the Affirmative Action mainly possess the following arguments. The Affirmative action is conducive to the realization of the rights to education equality of the ethnic minorities in the field of higher ed

16、ucation in the United States. Then, it is useful for the achievement in compensation justice, making up for the inequality caused by discrimination in history. Furthermore, the policies can play an important role in prom

17、oting American multiculturalism especially the development of American campus culture.Supporters for Affirmative Action are convinced that this can realize the right of equality for the collection education. The constitu

18、tion indicates that all American citizens enjoy rights of equality under the protection of law, including their political rights, social rights, economical rights as well as cultural rights. Being a part of cultural rig

19、hts, the equal right to accept education is also protected. Due to American racial discrimination history, the blacks used to be taken as slaves, with no rights at all. With the abolishment of slavery, the ethnic minorit

20、ies including the blacks receive more protecting measurements. Limited by geographical positions, ethnic minorities with African and Hispanic backgrounds live in areas with weak educational levels. In this sense, the A

21、ffirmative Action is the reflection of making up for congenital conditions for these minorities by providing admission privileges to these students in higher educational levels. Thus more blacks are able to enter highe

22、r educational fields, receiving qualified education and enjoy the equal right to education. In more than fifty years’ of its implementation, the proportion of blacks and Hispanic students have increased significantly, w

23、ith more opportunities to receive higher education.Compensation justice can be achieved through Affirmative Action.Fairness and justice have always been the ideas for several human generations. In western history, compe

24、nsation justice can be traced back to Aristotle's corrective justice. In American history, the existence of racial discrimination and racial segmentation forced the blacks and other ethnic minorities to suffer oppre