[雙語(yǔ)翻譯]法律專業(yè)青少年犯罪外文翻譯—貧窮與犯罪對(duì)馬來(lái)西亞部分青少年犯的定性研究（原文）

1、https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872818756172International Social Work1 –15 © The Author(s) 2018 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0020872818756172 journals.sagepub.com/home/is

2、wi s wPoverty and delinquency: A qualitative study on selected juvenile offenders in MalaysiaTai Soo Shong Institute of Teacher Education Malaysia, MalaysiaSiti Hajar Abu Bakar University of Malaya, MalaysiaM Rezaul I

3、slam University of Dhaka, BangladeshAbstract This qualitative case study explored the voices of juvenile offenders in Malaysia who were plagued with poverty, and brought to light their plight. The purpose of this study

4、was to examine the effects of poverty on the delinquent character and behavioural development of the children on three major crime-enhancing themes – miserable family conditions, school failure and association with de

5、viant peers – to get a broader view of how poverty could influence their life trajectory. The purposive maximum variation sampling method was used in the selection of six young offenders between the ages of 13 and 17 y

6、ears from Sekolah Tunas Bakti Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A multiple data collection method that included observation, in-depth case study and document analysis was used for data collection. Results showed th

7、at three major crime-enhancing themes due to poverty were strongly related to children’s delinquent character and behavioural development. The knowledge gained from this study will further contribute to understanding t

8、he real-life experiences of juvenile offenders, particularly those who are experiencing extreme deprivation, and it is hoped that the insight gained could help in the prevention and control of juvenile delinquent beha

9、viour in Malaysia.Keywords Delinquency, deviant peers, juvenile offenders, Malaysia, miserable family conditions, poverty, school failureM Rezaul Islam, Institute of Social Welfare the ‘very poor’ are those whose mean

10、s are insufficient for this according to the usual standard of life in this country. Delinquency is an act or conduct of a juvenile that is socially undesirable. Juvenile delinquency generally means the failure of chil

11、dren to meet certain obligations expected of them by society. The blame can be placed on factors ranging from a child’s embryonic development to dysfunc- tional families, dilapidated schools, abject poverty, peer relati

12、ons, low self-control or any com- bination of these and other issues (Joshi, 2013). Juvenile delinquent behaviour refers to the behaviour committed by someone below 18 years of age that violates criminal law (Houston an

13、d Barton, 2005). These delinquent behaviours can range from less severe behaviours such as abus- ing the school rules, absenteeism, school truancy, cigarette smoking and vandalism to more severe crimes such as stealing

14、, robbery, substance abuse, rape and weapon possession (Choon et al., 2013). Based on the law in Malaysia, the term juvenile delinquent refers to a young person who has committed a criminal offence and has been given a

15、 court order (Maznah, 2007). The Malaysian Ministry of Education states that delinquency in school includes violation of both the Penal Code and the school norms. In Malaysia, two forms of status offences are recogniza

16、ble, namely, being beyond the control of parents and being exposed to moral danger (Hussin, 2007). According to the Prison Act 1995, a juvenile or a young offender is defined as ‘a(chǎn) prisoner who is under the age of 21

17、years’ (Kassim, 2006). Students may be punished by the school authorities for behavioural misconduct such as vandalism, fighting, smoking and truancy, as well as for minor misbehaviour including disrespect to others, i

18、mpoliteness, inappropriate or messy school attire or appearance, and bringing to school items that are banned, such as mobile phones (Choon et al., 2013). Since poverty can lead to various kinds of delinquent activitie

19、s, one cannot deny the fact that it is directly related to juvenile delinquency (Prochnow and Defronzo, 1997) as it not only leads to stressful living conditions, but also creates situations that are conducive to antis

20、ocial activi- ties. Earlier studies of the relationship between socio-economic status and juvenile delinquency have shown that it is mostly a low social class problem. Defined as ‘a(chǎn)n act by a juvenile under the age of

21、18 that if committed by an adult would constitute a crime, a disorderly person offense, a petty disorderly person offense, or a violation of any other penal statute, ordinance or regulation’ (New Jersey Judiciary, 2012

22、), delinquency is inextricably related to poverty in the four primary settings affecting child development, namely, family, school, peer groups and communities. Previous studies have shown that children who live in per

23、sistent or chronic poverty have less favourable cognitive and social development and poorer physical and mental health than those who live in transitory poverty (Costello et al., 2003; McLeod and Nonnemaker, 2000). Man

24、y studies have shown that poverty-related stress can have serious repercussions on a child’s upbringing and development due to lack of family integration as consequences of inevitable life circumstances such as anxiet