化工專業(yè)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯--苯多羧酸在水中的溶解度（英文）

1、The solubilities of benzene polycarboxylic acids in waterAlexander Apelblat a,*, Emanuel Manzurola a, Nazmia Abo Balal ba Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 8

2、4105, Israel b Negev Academic College of Engineering, Beer Sheva, IsraelReceived 30 May 2005; received in revised form 14 July 2005; accepted 14 July 2005 Available online 26 August 2005AbstractThe solubilities in water

3、of all benzene polycarboxylic acids are discussed, using data determined in this work (benzoic, tere- phthalic, trimellitic, trimesic, and pyromellitic acids) and available from the literature (benzoic, phthalic, isophth

4、alic, terephthalic, hemimellitic, trimelitic, trimesic, mellophanic, prehnitic, pyromellitic, benzene-pentacarboxylic and mellitic acids). The apparent molar enthalpies of solution at the saturation point for these benze

5、ne polycarboxylic acids were determined from the temperature dependence of the solubilities. ? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Keywords: Benzene polycarboxylic acids; Saturated aqueous solutions; Molar enthalpies

6、of solution1. IntroductionThere are 12 benzene carboxylic acids; one monobasic acid (benzoic acid), three dibasic acids {benzene-1,2- dicarboxylic (phthalic acid), benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic (isophthalic acid), and benzene

7、-1,4-dicarboxylic (tere- phthalic acid)}, three tribasic acids {benzene-1,2,3-tri- carboxylic (hemimellitic), benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic (trimellitic acid), and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic (trime- sic acid)}, three tetr

8、abasic acids {benzene-1,2,3, 4-tetracarboxylic (mellophanic acid), benzene-1,2,3,5- tetracarboxylic (prehnitic acid) and benzene-1,2,4,5-tet- racarboxylic (pyromellitic acid)}, one pentabasic acid (benzene-pentacarboxyli

9、c acid), and one hexabasic acid (benzene-hexacarboxylic (mellitic) acid). Lower benzene polycarboxylic acids (especially ben- zoic and phthalic acids) are produced in large quantities. Along with their various ester deri

10、vatives are used as intermediates in the preparations of resins, plasticizers, dyes, inks, adhesives, alkaloidal solutions, pharmaceuti-cal (antifungal) aids and in the preservation of foods, fats, and fruit juices [1–5]

11、. Ultra-pure benzoic acid serves as a standard in titrimetric and calorimetric experi- ments. The higher benzene polycarboxylic acids are less important commercially. However, as they are formed by the drastic oxidation

12、of graphite, coals, wood lignin and similar materials, they have geochemical and eco- logical significance. They are also of interest in the envi- ronmental chemistry of natural waters due to the formation of toxic metal

13、-benzene polycarboxylic ligands [6]. The solubility of benzene polycarboxylic acids in water as a function of temperature varies significantly. Usually, the solubility is small and even extremely small for terephthalic a

14、cid. The accuracy and the agree- ment between different solubility experiments is not very good [7–9]. It is clear from the recent tabulation of solubilities of organic compounds in water (prepared by Yalkovsky and He [9

15、]) that only the solubilities of benzoic and phthalic acids are well documented. Less attention was paid to other benzene polycarboxylic acids where the solubilities were determined only once at one or few temperatures i

16、n the context of separation0021-9614/$ - see front matter ? 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jct.2005.07.007* Corresponding author. Tel.: +972 8 6461487; fax: +972 8 6472916. E-mail address: apelblat

17、@bgu.ac.il (A. Apelblat).www.elsevier.com/locate/jctJ. Chem. Thermodynamics 38 (2006) 565–571o lnðm=m?Þoð1=T Þ ¼ ? DsolHðTÞR½1 ? 0.001hM1m?f ;f ¼ 1 þ o ln c2 o lnðm=

18、m?Þ? ?T ; ð1Þwhere h denotes a number of water molecules in the hy- drate, DsolH(T) is the molar enthalpy of solution, c2 is the activity coefficient of the solute, M1 is the molar mass of water, R is the

19、gas constant and m? = 1 mol Æ kg?1. In equation (1), it is assumed that the disso- ciation of the benzene polycarboxylic acids at the satu- ration point is small [6] and they can be treated as nonelectrolytes or hyd

20、rated nonelectrolytes. As the change of activity coefficients with m near the saturation point is unknown, the factor f is replaced by unity and the enthalpy of solution becomes the apparent molar en- thalpy of solution.

21、 If it is assumed that the enthalpy of solution depends linearly on the temperature, the inte- gral form of equation (1) islnðm=m?Þ ¼ A þ BðT=KÞ þ C lnðT =KÞ; ð2Þwhe

22、re A, B, and C are adjustable coefficients which were determined by an unweighted multivariable least-square method and R2 is the squared correction coefficient of the regression. These coefficients are reported in table

23、 2 for benzene polycarboxylic acids. They were calculated combining the solubilities from this work and from the literature and can be treated as the ‘‘best’’ solubility curves. It follows from equations (1) and (2) that

24、 the appar- ent molar enthalpy of solution at the saturation point isDsolHðTÞ ¼ Rð1 ? 0.001hM1mÞðCT ? BÞ; ð3Þwhere h values were taken from the Yukhno and Bikku- lov work [11]

25、.In order to illustrate the agreement between the solu- bilities coming from different investigations they are plotted in figures 1 to 8. Benzoic acid was studied many times in the literature[8] and therefore only result

26、s of systematic determina- tions in the (273.15 to 373.15) K are considered here [2,7,10,11,15]. The solubility of benzoic acid is relatively high, compared with other benzene polycarboxylic acids, and therefore a reason

27、able agreement between various investigations should be expected. This expecta- tion is confirmed as can be seen in figure 1. Similar to benzoic acid, the solubility of phthalic acid in water is well known [9–12,16–19,24

28、] and concordant (figure 2). Phthalic acid dissolves more in water than benzoic acid and considerably more than other isomeric acids, isophthalic and terephthalic acids. In the case of isophthalic acid (figure 3) it is c

29、lear that the results of Freidlin and Davidov [20] differ consider- ably from the measurements of other investigations [9,11,17–19,21,24]. The assumption that their solubilitiesTABLE 1 (continued)T/K m/m?Pyromellitic aci

30、d 278.15 0.0150 279.15 0.0168 282.15 0.0205 283.15 0.0226 286.15 0.0235 288.15 0.0266 290.15 0.0296 293.15 0.0329 297.15 0.0352 298.15 0.0432 302.15 0.0516 306.65 0.0697 307.15 0.0693 311.15 0.0896 319.15 0.1444 326.15 0

31、.1947 330.65 0.2176TABLE 2 Coefficients A, B and C of the solubility equation (2) for benzene polycarboxylic acidsAcid A B C R2Benzoic ?223.33 7178.8 34.345 0.9946 Phthalic ?330.13 12114 50.261 0.9970 Isophthalic ?89.595

32、 209.5 14.340 0.9925 Terephthalic ?623.75 27945 91.648 0.8743 Hemimellitic ?491.94 17917 75.543 0.9990 Trimellitic ?177.08 4529.7 27.997 0.9952 Trimesic ?169.94 4147.2 26.575 0.9579 Mellophanic 282.34 ?15956 ?40.155 0.99

33、64 Prehnitic ?42.677 261.2 7.193 0.9993 Pyromellitic ?287.12 8811 44.651 0.9943 Pentacarboxylic 321.29 ?17257 ?46.251 0.9988 Mellitic ?20.529 771.5 3.332 0.9974270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 0.000.050.100.15

34、0.200.250.300.35m/mol·kg-1T/KFIGURE 1. Plot of solubility m of benzoic acid in water as a function of temperature T. ?, Reference [2]; n, reference [10]; d, reference [11]; m, reference [15]; and h, this work.A. Ape