外文翻譯--測(cè)量輪軸齒輪潤(rùn)滑油耐久力和溫度減少量裝置的試驗(yàn)方法（英文）

1、400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001 U.S.A. Tel: (724) 776-4841 Fax: (724) 776-5760 Web: www.sae.orgSAE TECHNICAL PAPER SERIES 2002-01-1691Developing Next Generation Axle Fluids: Part I – Test Methodolo

2、gy to Measure Durability and Temperature Reduction Properties of Axle Gear OilsEdward S. Akucewich, James N. Vinci, Farrukh S. Qureshi and Robert W. CainThe Lubrizol CorporationInternational Spring Fuels & Lubricants

3、 Meeting & Exhibition Reno, Nevada May 6-9, 2002ABSTRACTLight trucks and sport utility vehicles (SUVs) have become extremely popular in the United States in recent years, but this shift to larger passenger vehicles h

4、as placed new demands upon the gear lubricant. The key challenge facing vehicle manufacturers in North America is meeting government-mandated fuel economy requirements while maintaining durability. Gear oils must p

5、rovide long-term durability and operating temperature control in order to increase equipment life under severe conditions while maintaining fuel efficiency.This paper describes the development of a full-scale light duty

6、axle test that simulates a variety of different driving conditions that can be used to measure temperature reduction properties of gear oil formulations. The work presented here outlines a test methodology that allows g

7、ear oil formulations to be compared with each other while accounting for axle changes due to wear and conditioning during testing. Results are shown from a variety of different axle configurations and loading conditions

8、. This test method shows the importance of accounting for changes in the axle when comparing test results whenever severe conditions are experienced.INTRODUCTIONWithin the last few years, there has been a renewed desire

9、 to make fuel economy improvements in North America’s light trucks and sport utility vehicles ( SUV’s). Vehicle manufacturers have set aggressive fuel efficiency improvement objectives for these vehicles. Because of thi

10、s, gear lubricants have been targeted to contribute fuel economy improvements over the current products used in these applications.This is not as easy as it may seem. In addition to acceptable fuel economy, gear lubrica

11、nts are required to protect axle components under a variety of stressed conditions. These include high speed scuffing, low speed, high torque wear, corrosion and oxidation. In light truckand racing applications, gear o

12、ils must provide long-term durability and operating temperature control under extreme conditions, such as trailer towing or extended high speed applications. Higher operating temperatures for prolonged periods can adver

13、sely affect metallurgical properties and reduce fluid film thickness, both of which can lead to premature equipment failures. In our view, operating temperature is an important indicator of durability.While fuel economy

14、 is now the driving force in next generation lubricant development, it is clearly recognized that any improvements in fuel economy must not be at the expense of axle durability or performance.Fuel economy improvements ca

15、n be measured via the U.S. EPA 55/45 driving cycles(1). Automotive manufacturers use this test to certify a vehicle’s fuel economy. This test can also be used to show fuel economy improvements in gear oil lubricants

16、.Many manufacturers feel that stabilized operating temperature under the proper controlled conditions is an important indicator of the durability performance of a lubricant under severe conditions. In the case of o

17、perating temperature assessment, there exists no standard test method or methodology. Typically, when applied in a laboratory test stand a single axle is broken-in and then used repeatedly to evaluate many lubricants.

18、Under severe conditions, the stabilized operating temperatures for a given reference oil decreases each time it is run in an axle. As the number of test runs on an axle increases the stabilized operating temperature of

19、the reference oil is lower. This poses a problem when evaluating candidate lubricants. With a changing target, how can a lubricant be accurately evaluated?This paper describes a laboratory test method that accounts for

20、 test-to-test changes in the axle and gives the lubricant formulator an accurate way of comparing test results. In addition, common pitfalls of this method and operating guidelines will be described.2002-01-1691 Develop

21、ing Next Generation Axle Fluids: Part I – Test Methodology to Measure Durability and Temperature Reduction Properties of Axle Gear Oils Edward S. Akucewich, James N. Vinci, Farrukh S. Qureshi and Robert W. Cain The L