2023年上海市英語(yǔ)高考二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)精講精練(含真題與一二模題)11閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題含詳解

1、專(zhuān)題11閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題【考情分析】高考《考試說(shuō)明》明確要求考生在閱讀理解中應(yīng)能根據(jù)上下文提供的線(xiàn)索推測(cè)生詞的詞義。詞義猜測(cè)題型在高 考閱讀中占有一定份量，大多數(shù)學(xué)生在這方面的技能顯得薄弱，猜詞能力較弱，缺乏具體、系統(tǒng)的方法，因此，針 對(duì)此題型的訓(xùn)練就顯得很有必要。猜測(cè)詞義的閱讀理解題型，重點(diǎn)考查的不是學(xué)生詞匯量的多少，而是考查是否具 有利用語(yǔ)境線(xiàn)索，推測(cè)和判斷詞義的能力。解答這類(lèi)試題最重要的方法是理解含生詞部分的上下文來(lái)推測(cè)其意思

2、?！究键c(diǎn)梳理】一、常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式1. The word ”???“ refers to/probably means...2. The underlined word “???“ could best be replaced by...3. What do you think the expression stand fbr?4. By saying “???“ we mean...5?“???“ as used in the passa

3、ge can best be defined as...6. Which of the following word can take the place of the word “??.”？二、詞義猜測(cè)題解題技巧技巧一：利用上下文語(yǔ)境線(xiàn)索任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對(duì)孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的 情景和線(xiàn)索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析來(lái)推測(cè)詞義是閱讀過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵抓手，也是高考的熱點(diǎn)。彳列題： Char

4、lotte's tale was inspired by the girls coin collection. “Weve collected foreign coins for years—since our families went on holiday to Tenerife, “ she explains. “That was before the Euro, so we put pesetas in.”The und

5、erlined word “pesetas” in Paragraph 2 is a kind of .A. story B. collection C. inspiration D. foreign coin【解析】由原文中的Eur。（歐元，歐洲統(tǒng)一貨幣）可推知該詞是一種在歐元發(fā)行前使用的錢(qián)幣。本題正確答 案為D。技巧二：根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測(cè)詞義閱讀文章中的有些生詞尤其是新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)及科普類(lèi)文章中的生詞，往往在其后有對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明性的短

6、語(yǔ)或 句子，如 to be, that is, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean, in other words 等，有時(shí)也以同位語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從 句的形式出現(xiàn)，或用破折號(hào)、括號(hào)來(lái)表示。1 .直接定義：如果生詞是句子或段落所解釋的定義，理解句子或段落本身就是推斷詞義。定義句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多 為：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, b

7、e called, be known as, define, represent, be defined as 等。彳列題： In slang the term jam refers to a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.【解析】根據(jù)上下文的定義可知jam 一詞在俚語(yǔ)中的意思是“困境L2 .同位語(yǔ)：構(gòu)

8、成同位關(guān)系的兩部分之間多用逗號(hào)連接，有時(shí)也使用破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)、分號(hào)、引號(hào)和括號(hào)等。需要 注意的是：同位語(yǔ)前還常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.e.等副詞 或短語(yǔ)出現(xiàn)。3 .定語(yǔ)從句：定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)起著解釋和說(shuō)明的作用，據(jù)此我們可以推斷出所修飾詞的含義。例題： The herdsman, who looks after she

9、ep, earns about 650 yuan a year.more likely to remember the right answer after you look it up, you'll also remember that you didn't remember. Forgetting, and therefore repeating information, makes your brain assi

10、gn that information greater importance.取更多的知識(shí)”符合文章主題，適合做標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。D（2022?上海徐匯?二模）Throughout human history, the sun has been worshipped as a symbol of life and power. The ancient Egyptians, Romans, Greeks, Hittites, Persian

11、s, Aztecs, and Incas held annual celebrations, performed rituals, and made sacrifices to sun gods and goddesses.The sun is the most abundant source of energy in the solar system. Every day, 173,000 terawatts of energy -

12、100,000 times more energy than humans use - strike the earth in the form of sunlight. Sunlight consists of visible light; ultraviolet light, which is responsible for the production of Vitamin D in our skin; and infrared

13、radiation, which heats the air, water, and ground, and constitutes nearly 50 percent of the total solar radiation reaching the earth. Without the sun, life on Earth would not exist. One would think that all that free, av

14、ailable energy would have been harnessed long ago, but only in recent decades have people taken a serious interest in the sun as a source of alternative renewable energy.So far, the world has relied on wood, oil, coal, a

15、nd natural gas to produce energy for heating, lighting, transportation, and manufacturing. Since the 1950s, world consumption has been increasing persistently. In the year 2000, 80 percent of commercial energy was genera

16、ted from the combustion of fossil fuels, and every day, 50 million barrels of oil are reined （支 酉己）and converted to gasoline and other fuels. In addition to the rapid exhaustion of fossil fuels, the consequences of high

17、consumption rates are pollution and global warming.Increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide （CO2） in the atmosphere have been causing global temperatures to rise, with the greatest increase occurring in the last decad

18、e. In the 1990s, global CO2 emissions rose by 1.3 percent per year. Between 2000 and 2006, annual CO2 emissions increased to 3.3 percent, and since then they have been accelerating. To meet the 50-60 percent increase in

19、energy demand by 2030, as predicted by the International Energy Agency, and to prevent the disastrous effects of global warming, people have been looking to the sun.The most practical form of solar energy is passive sola

20、r energy, which occurs when natural light floods in through windows or is absorbed by stone or concrete walls. In 1956, the world's first commercial solar building was constructed in Albuquerque, New Mexico, by engin

21、eers Frank Bridgers and Don Paxton. Considered ahead of its time, architect Francis Stanley's design provided for large sloping south-facing windows to capture infrared radiation, following the same principles used b

22、y the ancient Romans to heat their bathhouses. Passive solar energy is now being incorporated into environmentally friendly building designs, which include double or triple glazed windows and insulated walls and ceilings

23、 to trap heat, Trombe walls painted black to maximize the absorption of infrared radiation, and mirrors or fiber optics to enhance natural lighting.The most recognizable solar technology, photovoltaic （PV） cells, convert

24、 direct sunlight into electricity. Developed in 1941, the modern silicon PV cell, or solar cell, is a wafer （晶片）made of two layers of crystalline silicon, a semiconducting material derived from sand or quartz. When sunli

25、ght strikes a PV celPs surface, electrons are knocked out of place, creating an electrical current. Solar cells are joined together to form units, which are combined into panels sandwiched between sheets of glass within

26、an aluminum frame. PV panels, which work best in direct sunlight, can be mounted on tracking devices to follow the sun's movement. Solar panels are assembled into solar arrays; the larger the array, the greater the e

27、nergy output.9. According to the second paragraph, we may learn that.A. The sun gives out 173,000 terawatts of energy into space.B. The sunlight is composed of visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared radiation and inv

28、isible light.C. One might think that all this free, usable energy of sunlight has long been used.D. Even decades ago people thought energy of sunlight renewable.10. How long has the world been in high speed of burning fo