簡介：原創(chuàng)性聲明本人鄭重聲明本人所呈交的學(xué)位論文，是在導(dǎo)師的指導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立進(jìn)行研究所取得的成果。學(xué)位論文中凡引用他人已經(jīng)發(fā)表或未發(fā)表的成果、數(shù)據(jù)、觀點(diǎn)等，均已明確注明出處。除文中已經(jīng)注明引用的內(nèi)容外，不包含任何其他個(gè)人或集體已經(jīng)發(fā)表或撰寫過的科研成果。對本文的研究成果做出重要貢獻(xiàn)的個(gè)人和集體，均已在文中以明確方式標(biāo)明。本聲明的法律責(zé)任由本人承擔(dān)。論文作者簽名批關(guān)于學(xué)位論文使用授權(quán)的聲明本人在導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)下所完成的論文及相關(guān)的職務(wù)作品，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)歸屬蘭州大學(xué)。本人完全了解蘭州大學(xué)有關(guān)保存、使用學(xué)位論文的規(guī)定，同意學(xué)校保存或向國家有關(guān)部門或機(jī)構(gòu)送交論文的紙質(zhì)版和電子版，允許論文被查閱和借閱；本人授權(quán)蘭州大學(xué)可以將本學(xué)位論文的全部或部分內(nèi)容編入有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)庫進(jìn)行檢索，可以采用任何復(fù)制手段保存和匯編本學(xué)位論文。本人離校后發(fā)表、使用學(xué)位論文或與該論文直接相關(guān)的學(xué)術(shù)論文或成果時(shí)，第一署名單位仍然為蘭州大學(xué)。本學(xué)位論文研究內(nèi)容，閩可擬公開口不宜公開，已在學(xué)位辦公室辦理保密申請，解密后適用本授權(quán)書。請?jiān)谝陨线x項(xiàng)內(nèi)選擇其中一項(xiàng)打“4”論文作一極也論文作者簽名翌二§∑蘭．日期2竺。笪生／導(dǎo)師簽名日期厶廠THESTUDYONTHEZASHICATALOGUEOFHISTORYCATEGORY●‘O?‘●‘1‘‘1NTHECLASSLFLEDBLB上IOGRAPHYABSTRACTZASHIISTHESECONDARYCATEGORYOFHISTORYDEPARTMENTDIRECTORYINTHECATEGORIESOFFOURSECTIONSOFANCIENTBOOKSOFCHINA，WHICHWASSETINTHEBOOKSCATALOGUEINSUISHU．SINCETHEN，ZASHIWASSETMOSTLYINTHECATEGORIESWHICHWEREDESCRIBEDBYTHEAUTHORITYANDTHEINDIVIDUALPERSON．BECAUSERECORDSANDTHEDEFINITIONOFZASHIWEREDIFFERENTINTHECATALOGUES，SOTHISPAPERRESEARCHSCOMPREHENSIVELY．THISPAPERMAINLYABOUTTHEREASONSWHICHTHEZASHIWASSET，THEDEFINITION，CHARACTERISTICS，EVOLUTION，STATUS，VALUEOFZASHIBYRESEARCHINGEVOLUTIONANDTHERECORDSOFCATEGORIESOFHISTORYBOOKS．ZASHIWASEMERGEDDEPENDEDONANUMBEROFFACTORSBECAMEONEOFTHEIMPORTANTCATEGORIESOFHISTORYDEPARTMENTFROMBOOKSCATALOGUEINSUISHUTOGENERALCATALOGUESOFIMPERIALCOLLECTIONOFFOUR．THECATEGORIESOFZASHIWASDIFFERENTGREATLYINALLKINDSOFCATALOGUES．ZASHIWHICHISMASSIVEHASGRATEHISTORICALVALUE．THEHUGENUMBEROFBOOKSZASHIMOSTHIGHHISTORICALVALUE，THELITERATUREINCHINESEANCIENTBIBLIOGRAPHYANDLITERATUREHASALLIMPORTANTPOSITIONINTHEHISTORY．KEYWORDSZASHI，BIBLIOGRAPHY，BOOKSCATALOGUEINSUISHU，THEFOURBRANCHESOFLITERATUREII

簡介：蘇州大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文史記的政治史性質(zhì)與司馬遷的政治思想姓名楊青申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)政治學(xué)理論指導(dǎo)教師喬耀章20061101POLITICALHISTORYCHARACTEROFRECORDSOFTHEHISTORIANANDSIMAQIAN’POLITICALTHOUGHTSABSTRAITPOLITICALHISTORYCHARACTEROFRECORDSOFTHEHISTORIANANDSIMAQIAN’POLITICALTHOUGHTSABSTRCATSIMAQIANISAGREATTHINKEROFHANDYNASTY．RECORDSOFTHEHISTORIANWRITTENBYHIMWIDELYINVOLVESEACHDOMAINOFSOCIALSCIENCES，SUCHASHISTORY,LITERATURE，ECONOMICS，MILITARYSCIENCE，INCLUDINGPOLITICALDOMAIO_RECORDSOFTHEHISTORIANPRODUCESINAPERIODOFGREATPROSPERITYOFHANDYNASTY．HAVINGRECUPERATEDANDMULTIPLIEDINTHEFIRSTYEARSOFHANDYNASTY,THENATIONALECNOMYHADGROWNANDTHECENTRALIZATIONOFSTATEPOWERHADOBTAINEDLUTHERENHANCEMENT．SOTHECOUNTRYBECAMEPOWERFULANDPROSPEROUS．THERECORDSOFSUCHTIMESINRECORDSOFTHEHISTORIANHASSTRONGPOLITICALINTENTIONTOREALITY．THISPAPERMAINLYINQUIRESINTOTHEPOLITICALCHARACREROFRECORDSOFTHEHISTORIAN．WETHINKRECORDSOFTHEHISTORIANHASINTENSEPOLITICALFLAVOURINCREATIONALPURPOSETHEFIGURESOFRECORDSOFTHEHISTORIANAREMAINLYPOLITICALFIGURESANDTHEACTIVITIESOFTHOSEFIGURESRECORDEDBYRECORDSOFTHEHISTORIANAREMAINLYPOLITICALACTIVITIES；THEPHENOMENAINRECORDSOFTHEHISTORIANRECORDAREMAINLYPOLITICALPHENOMENA．OBVIOUSLYRECORDSOFTHEHISTORIANBREEDSAHIMDANTPOLITICALTHOUGHTS．BASEDONTHIS，WECONTINUETALKINGABOUTTHEORIGINOFSIMAQIAN’POLITICALTHOUGHTS，WHICHWECONSIDERISABSORBINGANDCOMBININGAHUNDREDSCHOOLSOFTHOUGHTSORIGINATINGINTAOISM；ABSORBINGTHEESSENCEOFCONFUCIANANDLEGALISTS；ANDESTABLISHINGHISOWNSYSTEM．HISPOLITICALTHOUGHTSAREMAINLYASBELOWESTABLISHAUNIFIEDDOMAIN；TAKEPEOPLEASROOT；ADVOCATEBENEVOLENTGOVERNMENT；APPOINTVIRTUOUSANDTALENTEDPEOPLE．THEWAYOFSIMAQIANEXPRESSINGHISPOLITICALTHOUGHTSISVERYUNIQUE，THATHEISNOTPROVEITTHROUGHTHEORYDIRECTLY,BUTTHROUGHHISTORIALEVENTSANDFACTS．ITPERSENTASBELOWTHEFIRST，HETALKABOUTPOLITICSTHROUGHDESCRIBINGTHEHISTORY；THESECOND，THROUGHDESCRIBINGTHEHISTORYHEEXPRESSEDHISII

簡介：學(xué)校代碼10663學(xué)號4201410000061貴州師範(fàn)大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文史記秦本紀(jì)整理與研究AARRANGEMENTANDSTUDYONRECORDSOFTHEHISTORIANOFQINBENJI專業(yè)名稱中國史專業(yè)代碼060200研究方向先秦史申請人姓名張良超導(dǎo)師姓名職稱閆平凡（副教授）二O一七年六月一日結(jié)語220參考文獻(xiàn)222後記228攻讀碩士學(xué)位期間取得的研究成果230學(xué)位論文原創(chuàng)性聲明和關(guān)於學(xué)位論文使用授權(quán)的聲明231

簡介：華中師范大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文史家立場敘述聲部述史方式中國當(dāng)代文學(xué)史敘事研究姓名張軍申請學(xué)位級別博士專業(yè)中國現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師張衛(wèi)中20100301⑨博士學(xué)位論文DOCTORALDISSERTANON學(xué)”以及“重寫文學(xué)史”的口號，探討并創(chuàng)建了新的文學(xué)史研究范式，從麗導(dǎo)致了本時(shí)期的多元化和個(gè)性化色彩。本階段的當(dāng)代文學(xué)史文本出現(xiàn)了多聲部。文學(xué)史著類似史家在主持多方會談，文本內(nèi)各種聲音形成多元對話，眾語喧嘩。文學(xué)史實(shí)的理解不再是唯一，而需要讀者重組真實(shí)。文學(xué)史分期與述史情節(jié)也開始出現(xiàn)個(gè)性化。出現(xiàn)了封孝倫的英雄主義與人性的交響曲；洪子誠提出的“一體化”；陳思和的從“共名”走向“無名“，民間與主流的互動等述史情節(jié)。也有史家用現(xiàn)代性理論框架來思考并編撰現(xiàn)當(dāng)代文學(xué)史?！八摺钡奈膶W(xué)史一方面是指相對于中國大陸文學(xué)史家，大陸外文學(xué)史家是“他者”另一方面是指這些史家書寫的不是他們自己地區(qū)、國家的文學(xué)史，而是異于他們的“他者”的文學(xué)史。這些史家強(qiáng)調(diào)中國當(dāng)代文學(xué)史的文學(xué)性，堅(jiān)持知識分子直面寫史，但又充滿了強(qiáng)烈的意識形態(tài)性。他們的文學(xué)史中存在兩種文學(xué)、文化對話的聲音。其中林曼叔、杜博尼的文學(xué)史在文學(xué)史分期和文學(xué)史述史線索上做了比較成功的探索。林曼叔認(rèn)為十七年文學(xué)的歷史是作家、理論家等人對教條主義斗爭的歷史。杜博尼則將20世紀(jì)中國文學(xué)歸結(jié)為三個(gè)述史情節(jié)走向新文學(xué)、回歸傳統(tǒng)及重估現(xiàn)代性。關(guān)鍵詞中國當(dāng)代文學(xué)史著、史家立場、敘述聲部、述史方式

簡介：分類號密級單位代碼10422學(xué)號⑧∥菇辦孑碩士學(xué)位論文論文題目作者學(xué)院專業(yè)指導(dǎo)合作姓名名稱名稱教師導(dǎo)師年月日山東大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文目錄中文摘要?．．．????????????????????????????????”LABS’I’ITAC’IJ??????????????????????????????????”3緒論?????????????????????????????????????“5第一節(jié)問題的提出?????????????????????????5第二節(jié)學(xué)術(shù)史回顧?????????????????????????7第三節(jié)本文思路與方法???????????????????????12第一章由學(xué)術(shù)理論引發(fā)的古史辨運(yùn)動???????????????????14第一節(jié)西方史學(xué)理論的“中國化“進(jìn)程????????????????14第二節(jié)“層累說’’與中國歷史研究法的學(xué)術(shù)因緣與關(guān)聯(lián)??????18第三節(jié)一波并未激起千層浪“層累說’’的初始反響??????????29第二章在學(xué)派爭鋒中展開的古史辨運(yùn)動??????????????????“32第一節(jié)學(xué)分南北民國學(xué)術(shù)的地緣與派分???????????????32第二節(jié)古史論戰(zhàn)新文化派與史地學(xué)派的正面交鋒??????????36第三節(jié)“寧可疑而過”古史論戰(zhàn)影響下的學(xué)風(fēng)變動??????????43第三章現(xiàn)代學(xué)術(shù)體制背景下興起的古史辨運(yùn)動???????????????52第一節(jié)中國現(xiàn)代學(xué)術(shù)體制的初步形成?????????????????52第二節(jié)學(xué)術(shù)期刊的運(yùn)作與古史論戰(zhàn)??????????????????55第三節(jié)樸社的經(jīng)營與“古史辨不脛走天下’’????????????60結(jié)論?????????????????????????????????????68參考文獻(xiàn)????????????????????????????????????70J妻謝???????????一”????????????????????????”74

簡介：分類編HH密級單位代媽10065O063041447研究生學(xué)位論文論文題目口述史在高中歷史教學(xué)中的運(yùn)用學(xué)生姓名張艷申請學(xué)位級別教冇碩丄申請專業(yè)名稱學(xué)科教學(xué)JJ史研究方向指1教師姓名孫立M專業(yè)技術(shù)職稱提交論文H期2012年3月ABSTRACTEDUCATIONREFORMBRINGSEACHTEACHEROPPORTUNITIES,BUTHIGHERREQUIREMENTSATTHESAMETIMEITDEMANDSTHETEACHERSTOCHANGETHEBACKWARDTEACHINGCONCEPTSANDMETHODSINTHETRADITIONALTEACHINGWEAREEXPLORINGNEWMETHODSWHICHCANCOMBINEINTERESTANDABILITIESWITHHISTORYTEACHINGUNDOUBTEDLY,ORALHISTORYOPENSANEWROADFORUSORALHISTORYISABRANCHOFHISTORYINORALHISTORYWEUSEALLMEANSINCLUDINGMODERNSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYTOCONDUCTPREPAREDINTERVIEWSWITHTHEHISTORYWITNESSES,SORTOUTTHEINTERVIEWDATA,ANDTHENCARRYOUTTHERESEARCHORALHISTORYISBOTHANOLDANDYOUNGSUBJECT,ITISWIDELYUSEDINHISTORYSTUDYORALHISTORYCLOSELYRELATESTOSTUDENTSACTUALLIFEANDCANBECOMPLEMENTEDINTOTHESTUDYOFCONTEMPORARYHISTORYTHUS,IFORALHISTORYCANBEBROUGHTINTOHISTORYTEACHING,ITWILLBEAUSEFULSUPPLEMENTTOCLASSROOMTEACHING,ANDTHESTUDENTSMANYASPECTSOFABILITIESCANBEIMPROVEDBYMEANSOFSURVEYRESEARCHMETHOD,ANDACCORDINGTOTHEBASICMETHODANDREQUIREMENTOFORALHISTORY,THISARTICLEATTEMPTSTOINVESTIGATEHOWTOAPPLYORALHISTORYINTOHISTORYTEACHINGFROMTHEREQUIREMENTSANDTHECHARACTERISTICSOFHISTORYCURRICULUMREFORMITCANENRICHHISTORYTEACHINGMETHODSPROVIDETHETEACHERSWITHTEACHINGAIDS,WHICHHASPRACTICALSIGNIFICANCEONNEWCURRICULUMREFORMTHEESSAYCONTAINSTHREEPARTSPARTONETHEEMERGENCYANDDEVELOPMENTOFORALHISTORY,ITSPRESENTSITUATIONINDOMESTICANDFOREIGNHISTORYTEACHINGRESEARCHANDTHEPRACTICALSIGNIFICANCEOFTHERESEARCHPARTTWOTHETHEORETICALBASISANDFEASIBILITYOFORALHISTORYINHISTORYTEACHINGOFSENIORHIGHSCHOOLTHEMAINTHEORETICALBASESARETHETHEORYOFCONSTRUCTIVISMANDHUMANISTICLEARNINGTHEORYORALHISTORYCANBECOMBINEDWITHSENIORHIGHSCHOOLHISTORYTEACHINGFROMDIFFERENTDIMENSIONSTHEINFORMATIONOFORALHISTORYISAGOODSUPPLEMENTFORHISTORYCLASSROOMTEACHINGTHEHISTORYOFTHEEXPERIENCEWITHINTHEHISTORYCLASSROOMCANCONSTRUCTANEWFORMOFTEACHINGORGANIZATIONUNDERTHENEWCURRICULUMREFORM,ORALHISTORYPRACTICEISANEFFECTIVEHISTORYTEACHINGMODEPARTTHREEANALYSISONTHEGENERALPRINCIPLESOFORALHISTORYPRACTICEANDTHESELECTIONREQUIREMENTSOFORALHISTORYTEACHINGMATERIALSLEADTHESTUDENTSTOPRACTICEORALHISTORYANDPOINTOUTTHEPROBLEMSPUTFORWARDACONSTRUCTIVESUGGESTIONFORTHEFUTUREOFORALHISTORYINHISTORYTEACHINGKEYWORDSORALHISTORYSENIORHIGHSCHOOLORALHISTORYTEACHING

簡介：西南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文口述史與傳統(tǒng)手工藝－－以蜀繡為例姓名周寅寅申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)史學(xué)理論與史學(xué)史指導(dǎo)教師張明富201204兩南大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文ABSTRACTDONALDA．髓TCHIESAYS‘‘DOINGORALMSTORY”FORNLEBIGGESTDI髓RELLCEB咖EENORAL11ISTO巧AILD恤礎(chǔ)ERLLISTO巧RESEARCHM劬ODSIS“DOING”，WHICHMAKES鋤AILGLEOFVIEWF硒MTHEBOTTOMT0TOPFORLLISTOURESEARCH，觚OPPO枷鑼FORPEOPLETORECORD鋤D嘶TE11ISTO巧AILDCONC鋤FOR紕M鋤YBLANKSPACESOF11ISTORYRESEARCHIILT11EPAST．PRACTICEISTHEKEYOFORALMSTOⅨTLLISPAPERS伽SCOMBINGOUTMECONCEPTANDCHARACTERISTICSOFORALHISTO巧RESEARCHMEMODSA11DORALLLISTO巧MATI莉ALSAS、ⅣELLASTLLEA1V鋤TAGEWITLLASMALLORALIILTERVIEWPLANOFTLLE札曲OR’SBY缸ENRIEWINGSHUEMBROIDEUC珊SMEIL，ANDANALYZESTLLEADVANTAGEANDDISADVAMAGEOFTHEIILLLERITAILCEOFT量LECHINESE仃ADITIO砌HAILDICRAFTS趾DMSTORYRESEARCHCOMPARINGWIM恤OTLLERLLIST0巧RESEARCHMETHODSACCORDINGTOTHEACLLIEVEMENTSOFTHISINTERVIEW．BECAUSEOFSOMECOMMONCHARACTERISTICSOFHANDICRAR，THEADVAILTAGEANDDISADVAILTAGEISLLIGMYPOSSIBLETOKLVEACOMMONSIGILIFICANCEINTLLEIILLLERITAILCEOFNONMATERIALCULMRA】H麗TAGEAND11ISTORYRESEARCH，WHICHMAKESAMORERICHAILDANENTIONGETTINGSOCIALREALITRSIGILIFICANCE，AS、WLLASEXPRESSILLGTHECONCEMSOFREALITYA11DHULIL撕夠OF11ISTOURESEARCH．KEYWORDSORALHISTOⅨHISTO巧STUDY，PRACTICE，TRADITIORLALHAILDICRM，REAL時(shí)SIGLLIFICALLCEII

簡介：分類號注一密級注二UDC注三編號中國美術(shù)學(xué)院碩士學(xué)位論文古代文獻(xiàn)與美術(shù)史寫作歷代名畫記札記EARLYCHINESETEXTSINTHEARTHISTORYSOMESTUDIESINLIDAIMINGHUAJI指導(dǎo)教師姓名（職務(wù)、職稱）教授申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)名稱美術(shù)史論文提交日期20120423論文答辯日期學(xué)位授予單位和日期中國美術(shù)學(xué)院答辯委員會主席評閱人2012年4月23日古代文獻(xiàn)與美術(shù)史寫作歷代名畫記劄記EARLYCHINESETEXTSINTHEARTHISTORYSOMESTUDIESINLIDAIMINGHUAJI201204

簡介：分類號學(xué)校代碼Q5壘2密級學(xué)號2QQ5Q墨QQ55博物館的秘密湯姆史凱同歷險(xiǎn)記中環(huán)境描寫的漢譯策略TRANSLATIONSTRATEGIESOFENVIRONMENTALDESCRIPTIONSINTHEMUSEUM否SECRETTHEREMARKABLEADVENTUREOFTOMSCATTERHORN研究生姓名魚壟亙指導(dǎo)教師姓名、職稱塑宣旦』劍塾撞湖南師范大學(xué)學(xué)位評定委員會辦公室二。一三年五月摘要環(huán)境描寫是小說三要素之一，在小說中起著重要的作用，在翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該將其考慮進(jìn)去。本文旨在探討小說博物館的秘密湯姆史凱同歷險(xiǎn)記中環(huán)境描寫漢譯英的處理策略。本文以環(huán)境描寫為切入點(diǎn)，首先分析了環(huán)境描寫的兩個(gè)主要類型自然環(huán)境及社會環(huán)境，并介紹其在本小說中的功能。在此基礎(chǔ)上，提出了在環(huán)境描寫漢譯英中應(yīng)遵循的翻譯原則。小說漢譯英中涉及到兩種語言及其各自背后的深厚文化以及行文方式的不同，實(shí)際的小說翻譯中有不少的困難。為實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境描寫的功能，基于上述翻譯原則，譯者在翻譯環(huán)境描寫的時(shí)候不能簡單對其進(jìn)行生硬的逐字翻譯或者省略，而應(yīng)該根據(jù)實(shí)際情況的需要運(yùn)用適當(dāng)?shù)牟呗?。博物館的秘密湯姆史凱同歷險(xiǎn)記中的環(huán)境描寫是本文分析研究的對象。與以往的筆譯研究不同的是，本文的研究重點(diǎn)是小說中的環(huán)境描寫如何翻譯，這在已有的翻譯研究中討論較少，研究這方面對小說譯本質(zhì)量的提高具有良好的作用。結(jié)合前文對環(huán)境描寫的類別與功能介紹，文章論述了討論了翻譯環(huán)境描寫時(shí)應(yīng)遵循的翻譯原則，提出對各種類型的環(huán)境描寫分別采用偏重直譯策略和偏重意譯策略，以達(dá)到流暢通順可讀性佳的目的。在提出具體的翻譯策略之后，作者用小說中的實(shí)例予以分析證明，從而使分析更具說服力。關(guān)鍵詞博物館的秘密湯姆史凱同歷險(xiǎn)記；環(huán)境描寫；直譯；意譯‘

簡介：湖北大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文南宋橋梁史專題研究姓名孟傳鮮申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)中國古代史指導(dǎo)教師王勛敏20080501ABSTRACTATFIRST，THISATTICISBASEDONTHE”SONGANDYUANDYNASTIESDIFANGZHISERIES”ANDOTHERLITERATURERECORDS，LOOKINGFORTHENUMBEROFBRIDGESMADEOFTHESOUTHERNSONGDYNASTYGENERALLY，WHICHCONCLUDEDTHATTHENUMBEROFBRIDGECONSTRUCTIONISGIANTPANG,THEREISAFANSITUATIONINTHEBRIDGECONSTRUCTION．THISSITUATIONINTURN，GEOGRAPHICALREQUIREMENTS，THEECONOMICCENTEROFGRAVITYMOVEDSOUTH，ECONOMICDEVELOPMENT，TECHNOLOGICALADVANCES，SUCHASTHECONSTRUCTIONOFMULTIPLEFACTORSCONTRIBUTETOIT．MOSTOFTHESOUTHERNSONGPERIODBRIDGESCALLBESHALLOWLYDIVIDEDINTOBEAMBRIDGEPIER，PONTOONBRIDGE，OVERHANGINGBRIDGE，THESPECIALBRIDGEFIVECATEGORIES．BEAMBRIDGEPIERISTHATPIERSAREBUILTINTHEWATER，THENBEAMSAREERECTEDONTHEPIERS．PIERISGENERALLYDANDUN，SHILIANGHEORTIMBERBEAMISERECTEDONIT．GALLERYISDECKEDTOBEAMBRIDGEPIERFORSHELTERTOPROTECT，DECORATIVEDECK，ITEVOLVEDINTOHOUSINGBRIDGEGALLERY．HOUSINGBRIDGEGALLERYISTHEVARIANTOFTHEBEAMBRIDGEPIER,WHICHHASTHEBASICCHARACTERISTICSOFIT．PONTOONREFERSTOTHECONSTRUCTIONOFFLOATINGINTHEWATEROFTHESHIPPIERBRIDGE．ARCHBRIDGE，WHICHARCHISUSED勰THEMAINLOADBEATINGSTRUCTUREOFTHEDECKOFTHEBRIDGE．OVERHANGINGBRIDGEUSESWOODORSTONE，ANDVERTICALANDHORIZONTALPHASE，THELAYERSSINGLEDOUT，INORDERTOINCREASELONGSPANBRIDGES，ANDITCONCLUDESSTONEOVERHANGINGANDTREESOVERHANGING．THEREISABRIDGEFORAVARIETYOFFORMSOFCOMBINATIONBRIDGEANDSINGULARFUNCTION，ITCOULDNOTBETHETYPEOFSIMPLE，ITCALLCLASSIFIEDAS”SPECIALBRIDGES”．ASFORTHESOUTHERNSONGDYNASTYBRIDGE’SFUND，F(xiàn)INANCEDBYTHEDIFFERENTCONSTRUCTIONOFTHEBRIDGE，THESOUTHERNSONGDYNASTYBRIDGECONSTRUCTIONFUNDMODEWILLBEROUGHDIVIDEDINTOTHREECATEGORIESONE，OFFICIALSINVESTMENT；SECOND，PRIVATEDONORS；THREE，MULTIFINANCING。OFFICIALINVESTMENTFORTHECONSTRUCTIONOFTHEBRIDGEISTHEMAINWAY，WHICHISDETERMINEDBYITSDUTIESANDSTRENGTH．PRIVATEDONORSFORTHENONGOVERNMENTALFORCESINTHECOMMUNITYISIMPORTANTWAYS．MULTIFINANCINGCALLPLAYAEFFECTIVENESSOF”JIYECHENGQIU“,WHICHHASAGREATSIGNIFICANCEINTHEPUBLICBUILDING．MANYOFTHESOUTHERNSONGDYNASTYBRIDGECONSTRUCTIONEMBODIEDTHEWISDOMOFMONKSWITHSWEAT，THEIRFUNDRAISINGFORTHECONSTRUCTIONOFABRIDGEDIRECTLY，INVOLVEDINBRIDGEDESIGN，CONSTRUCTIONANDPROJECTSUPERVISION，ANDPARTICIPATIONINTHEGUARDANDBRIDGEREPAIR，

簡介：南京師范大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文南宋明州史氏家族文學(xué)與文化研究姓名蔡如意申請學(xué)位級別碩士專業(yè)中國語言文學(xué)；中國古代文學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師高峰20090425IIABSTRACTTHEHISTORYOFSHICLANINCLINESTOTEMPORARILYINSOUTHERNSONGDYNASTYTHECOURTANDTHECOMMONALTYINTHEMINGSTATE,WHOSEPOLITICALSTATUSABSOLUTEFIELDHASOVERWHELMEDOTHERASPECTSPEOPLEHASSHOWNSOLICITUDEFORTHEIRHISTORYMERITANDDEMERITSTILLMORE,HASSELDOMHASPAIDATTENTIONTOCREATINGASPECTTOTHISLITERATUREOFONECLANBUTTHETHESISEXPECTSTHEALLROUNDSYSTEMGOINTOTHECONNOTATIONAFFECTINGCLANLITERATUREVALUEANDCULTURECONTAINEDBYVERYIMPORTANTCLANSOTOANDEVENENTIRESOUTHERNSONGDYNASTYOFSOUTHSONGMINGREGIONINNERISCARRIEDOUTTHETHESISHASTHREECHAPTERS,THEFIRSTCHAPTERARETHATLITERATURESTATESASUMMARYABOUTSHICLANTHEFIRST,TWO,THREE,FOUR,FIVESECTION,RESPECTIVELYTOSHICLAN,EVERYCHARACTERGENERATIONLITERARYWORKSGOALONGARRANGESANDSTUDIESSECONDCHAPTERSARETHATLITERATURESTUDIESABOUTSHICLANTHEGOALONGCREATINGTHECREATIONCARRYINGOUTTHELITERATURESTUDYING,FILLINGSECONDSECTIONTOSHIMININGSTHEFIRSTSECTIONTOSHIHAOSLITERATURESTUDIESBETHATLITERATUREINHERITSTHECHANGEBRIEFSUMMARYTOHISTORYOFMINGDYNASTYSTATEMRSCLANTHIRDSECTIONTHIRDCHAPTERSARETHERELATIONSGOINTOABOUTTHESHICLANANDSOUTHSONGMINGREGIONCULTUREBETOSTUDYABOUTTHATTHESHICLANANDSOUTHSONGMINGZHOULIXUE,ANIDEALISTPHILOSOPHYINTHESONGANDMINGDYNASTIESDEVELOPRELATIONFIRSTSECTION,BETOSTUDYABOUTTHATTHESHICLANANDSOUTHSONGMINGZHOUBUDDHISMZENDEVELOPRELATIONTHESECONDSECTION,BEAREATHREESECTIONABOUTSHICLANANDSOUTHSONGMINGOTHERTHEPROMINENTFAMILYASSOCIATION,THEANGLECOMESTOBULGETHESHICLANFROMTHECLANANDREGIONSCIENCEOFCULTURETOSOUTHSONGMINGZHOUCULTUREIMPORTANTCONTRIBUTIONANDFARREACHINGEFFECTKEYWORDSSURNAMEOFSHI,CLANLITERATURE,UNDERSTANDSTATECULTUREOFMINGSTATE

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簡介：FORMATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFVILLAGESINNORTHCHINAASTUDYABOUTAVICISSITUDESDURINGONEHUNDREDYEARS華北村落的形成與發(fā)展華北村落的形成與發(fā)展以一個(gè)家族的百年變遷史為考察點(diǎn)以一個(gè)家族的百年變遷史為考察點(diǎn)摘要摘要華北村落在中國文化的形成和發(fā)展過程中扮演著重要角色，研究華北村落的形成和發(fā)展過程可以使人們能夠更好地理解中國文化的基本特點(diǎn)。以往的研究或是為材料所限，基本上是從外部進(jìn)行觀察和分析，極少從村落內(nèi)部進(jìn)行向外的觀察，且在村落發(fā)展時(shí)段的研究上也有所局限。如果將村落發(fā)展過程分為產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展和未來三段，則當(dāng)前研究主要集中在發(fā)展和未來這兩個(gè)中、下游區(qū)段，對上游區(qū)段的產(chǎn)生及其規(guī)律板塊則關(guān)注不多，同時(shí)對于村落文化的關(guān)注并不突出，多數(shù)研究集中在社會經(jīng)濟(jì)方面。本研究的重點(diǎn)放在豫北地區(qū)，筆者在2016年進(jìn)行了為期73天的田野調(diào)查，以一個(gè)家族的百年變遷作為考察點(diǎn)，以此探討田野點(diǎn)的形成和發(fā)展過程。針對上面提到的三點(diǎn)不足，由于是從一個(gè)家族的百年變遷史出發(fā)，因而能夠從村落內(nèi)部的角度去分析村落的形成和發(fā)展過程，與此同時(shí)，本文立足于村落的產(chǎn)生這一基本點(diǎn)，從源頭上更加關(guān)注村落文化，尤其是村落文化的產(chǎn)生和繼替。關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞村落，形成，發(fā)展，家族

簡介：蘭州大學(xué)博士學(xué)位論文區(qū)域社會史視野下的敦煌祿命書研究姓名陳于柱申請學(xué)位級別博士專業(yè)歷史學(xué)歷史文獻(xiàn)學(xué)指導(dǎo)教師鄭炳林20090601均有著密切聯(lián)系；另一方面敦煌術(shù)數(shù)文獻(xiàn)猶如一面多棱鏡，折射出各個(gè)宗教在敦煌地區(qū)不同的歷史命運(yùn)與生存態(tài)勢以吐蕃占領(lǐng)、5E1義軍的建立為時(shí)間界限，敦煌區(qū)域宗教格局經(jīng)歷了由道、佛并重，向以佛教為統(tǒng)領(lǐng)、三夷教多教共存的歷史轉(zhuǎn)變過程；道教、苯教雖在這場歷史變動中或衰落或被淘汰，但仍在不同層面對敦煌社會產(chǎn)生持久影響。在長時(shí)段與整體視角考量下的敦煌術(shù)數(shù)文獻(xiàn)，還向我們揭示歸義軍政權(quán)建立前后，敦煌社會漢、蕃／酬族群經(jīng)歷了一段從對立走向認(rèn)同的心路歷程。在中原千朝J』敦煌地方日益疏遠(yuǎn)、歸義軍政權(quán)漸趨獨(dú)立化、敦煌區(qū)域宗教與旅群經(jīng)歷了歷史重構(gòu)的背景卜．，敦煌民眾也不再局限于統(tǒng)一千朝時(shí)期的民族國家的意識形態(tài)之中各族群通過婚姻、語言、習(xí)俗信仰等多層面的交流與融合，已日漸聚合為一個(gè)融匯有多民族、多宗教文化的區(qū)域利益共同體，社會群體一改過之的彼此對立，努力尋求內(nèi)部認(rèn)同，顯然是有效維護(hù)各個(gè)族群共同生存的地域利益與群體利益的必由之路。敦煌多氏族語言術(shù)數(shù)文獻(xiàn)從一個(gè)側(cè)面見證了這一族群觀念和社會心態(tài)的歷史變遷。關(guān)鍵詞唐宋敦煌區(qū)域社會史敦煌祿命J}5術(shù)數(shù)醫(yī)療宗教族群