簡介:POLYMERTESTINGPOLYMERTESTING252006544–552MATERIALBEHAVIOURASTUDYOFTHEMECHANICALBEHAVIOUROFAGLASSFIBREREINFORCEDPOLYAMIDE6,6EXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATIONBMOUHMIDA,?,AIMADA,NBENSEDDIQA,SBENMEDAKHENEB,AMAAZOUZCALABORATOIREDEME′CANIQUEDELILLE,CNRSUMR8107,ECOLEPOLYTECH’LILLE,UNIVERSITE′DELILLE1,CITE′SCIENTIFIQUE,AVENUEPAULLANGEVIN,59655VILLENEUVED’ASCQCEDEX,FRANCEBAETECHACOUSTICEMISSIONTECHNOLOGY,66,AVDELANDSHUT,BP50149,60201COMPIEGNECEDEX,FRANCECINSADELYON,AVENUEJEANCAPELLE,69621VILLEURBANNECEDEX,FRANCERECEIVED30JANUARY2006ACCEPTED12MARCH2006ABSTRACTINTHISEXPERIMENTALWORK,WESTUDIEDTHEMECHANICALBEHAVIOUROFASHORTGLASSFIBREREINFORCEDPOLYAMIDEFREQUENTLYUSEDINTHEAUTOMOBILEINDUSTRYINORDERTOINVESTIGATETHEINFLUENCEOFGLASSFIBRECONTENT,TEMPERATUREANDSTRAINRATE,WECARRIEDOUTASERIESOFUNIAXIALTENSILELOADINGSONANUNFILLEDPOLYAMIDEANDGLASSFIBREREINFORCEDPOLYAMIDEWITHDIFFERENTWEIGHTFRACTIONS15,30AND50WTEXPERIMENTALRESULTSSHOWEDTHATTHESTUDIEDCOMPOSITEISASTRAINRATE,TEMPERATUREANDFIBREVOLUMEFRACTIONDEPENDANTMATERIALBOTHELASTICMODULUSANDTENSILESTRENGTHINCREASEWITHSTRAINRATEANDDECREASEWITHTEMPERATUREGLASSFIBREREINFORCEDPA66EXHIBITSIMPROVEMENTINITSMECHANICALSTRENGTHTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHENORMALIZEDMODULUSANDTENSILESTRENGTHASFUNCTIONSOFRELATIVEDENSITYCANBEDESCRIBEDBYATYPEOFPOWERFUNCTIONTHEACOUSTICEMISSIONAETECHNIQUE,WHICHISRECOGNIZEDASANEFFECTIVETOOLFORNONDESTRUCTIVETESTINGANDMATERIALEVALUATION,HASBEENUSEDTODETERMINETHEDAMAGETHRESHOLDANDOBTAININFORMATIONABOUTFRACTUREMECHANISMSINTHESTUDIEDCOMPOSITESSCANNINGELECTRONMICROSCOPYSEMANALYSISWASMADEONTHEFRACTURESURFACESTOVISUALIZETHEDAMAGEPROCESSFIBREFRACTURE,MATRIXRUPTUREANDINTERFACERUPTURER2006ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDKEYWORDSPOLYAMIDE66GLASSFIBRESMECHANICALBEHAVIOURDAMAGEACOUSTICEMISSION1INTRODUCTIONGLASSFIBREREINFORCEDPOLYAMIDESCONTINUETOBEUSEDWITHINCREASEDFREQUENCYINMANYAPPLICATIONS,SUCHASSTRESSEDFUNCTIONALAUTOMOTIVEPARTSFUELINJECTIONRAILS,STEERINGCOLUMNSWITCHESANDSAFETYPARTSINSPORTSANDLEISURESNOWBOARDBINDINGSTHESEMATERIALSAREKNOWNFORTHEIRSTIFFNESS,TOUGHNESSANDRESISTANCETODYNAMICFATIGUEFIBREREINFORCEDTHERMOPLASTICSCOMPOUNDSMAYBEPROCESSEDBYCONVENTIONALMETHODS,SUCHASINJECTIONMOULDING,ANDOFFERIMPROVEMENTSINMECHANICALPROPERTIESOVERUNREINFORCEDONESTHESECOMPOSITESCOMPETEWITHMETALSINMANYARTICLEINPRESSWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/POLYTEST01429418/SEEFRONTMATTERR2006ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDDOI101016/JPOLYMERTESTING200603008?CORRESPONDINGAUTHORFAX328767311EMAILADDRESSBOUCHAIBMOUHMIDPOLYTECHLILLEFRBMOUHMIDCLEARLYTHATTHEINCREASEINFIBRECONTENTLEADSTOANINCREASEINTENSILESTRENGTHANDELASTICMODULUSINORDERTOEXPLAINTHESEEVOLUTIONS,THEELASTICMODULUSANDTHETENSILESTRENGTHCANBEMODELLEDUSINGASIMPLEREARRANGEMENTOFTHERULEOFMIXTUREEQUATIONSE?AVFEFT1?VFDTEMANDSR?BVFSRFT1?VFDTSRMWHEREEFSRFARETHEMODULUSANDTHETENSILESTRENGTHOFTHEFIBREEF?76GPAANDSRF?3200MPAANDEMSRMARE,RESPECTIVELY,THEEXPERIMENTALVALUESOFTHEMODULUSANDTHETENSILESTRENGTHOFTHEUNREINFORCEDPA66,VFISTHEFIBREVOLUMEFRACTIONANDAANDBARETHEFIBREORIENTATIONFACTORS8INOURCASE,THEAVERAGEVALUESOFAANDBAREA?024ANDB?0072,THESEVALUESDEPENDONTHEFIBRELENGTHANDORIENTATIONTHEEVOLUTIONOFTHESETWOMECHANICALPARAMETERSCANALSOBEMODELLEDUSINGAPHENOMENOLOGICALDESCRIPTIONBASEDUPONTHERELATIVEREPRESENTATIONSNORMALIZEDTENSILESTRENGTHSRSRM,NORMALIZEDELASTICMODULUSEEMVERSUSRELATIVEDENSITYRR0WHERER0ISTHEDENSITYOFUNREINFORCEDPA66FIGS3AND4ILLUSTRATETHESEEVOLUTIONSANDSHOWTHATTHEYAREDESCRIBEDBYPOWERRELATIONSHIPSASFOLLOWSSRSRM?RR0??28ANDEEM?RR0??37,WITHAGOODCORRELATIONCOEFFICIENTR2?099FORBOTHFORMULASIMAD9HASSUGGESTEDSIMILAREXPRESSIONSINASTUDYABOUTTHEMECHANICALBEHAVIOUROFEXPANDEDPOLYSTYRENETHISOBSERVATIONISINGOODAGREEMENTWITHLITERATUREDATA10,11ANDCANBEEXPLAINEDBYTHECONTRIBUTIONOFTHEGLASSFIBREASABRITTLEANDTOUGHMATERIALTHELOSSOFDUCTILITYISCONFIRMEDBYTHEARTICLEINPRESS12000P000160014001000800600400200000050100150200250300ΕΣMPAFIG2STRESS–STRAINCURVESWITHDIFFERENTGLASSFIBRERATIOSAT201CAND56?10?3S?11Ρ/ΡΡ/Ρ01514131211280260240220200180160140120100ΣR/Σ/ΣR0Y1X28R2099FIG3VARIATIONOFNORMALIZEDTENSILESTRENGTHASAFUNCTIONOFRELATIVEDENSITY1Ρ/ΡΡ/Ρ0E/E04003503002502001501001112131415Y1X37R2099FIG4VARIATIONOFNORMALIZEDMODULUSASAFUNCTIONOFRELATIVEDENSITYBMOUHMIDETAL/POLYMERTESTING252006544–552546
下載積分: 10 賞幣
上傳時間:2024-03-13
頁數: 9
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簡介:ECONOMICSOFEDUCATIONREVIEW3120121162–1176CONTENTSLISTSAVAILABLEATSCIVERSESCIENCEDIRECTECONOMICSOFEDUCATIONREVIEWJOURNALHOMEPAGEWWWELSEVIERCOM/LOCATE/ECONEDUREVUNIVERSITYRANKINGSINACTIONTHEIMPORTANCEOFRANKINGSANDANEXCELLENCECOMPETITIONFORUNIVERSITYCHOICEOFHIGHABILITYSTUDENTSJULIAHORSTSCHR?ER?CENTREFOREUROPEANECONOMICRESEARCHZEW,L7,1,68161MANNHEIM,GERMANYARTICLEINFOARTICLEHISTORYRECEIVED29SEPTEMBER2011RECEIVEDINREVISEDFORM31JULY2012ACCEPTED31JULY2012JELCLASSIFICATIONI21I23I28C25KEYWORDSHIGHEREDUCATIONUNIVERSITYCHOICECOLLEGEADMISSIONCONDITIONALLOGITABSTRACTTHISPAPERANALYZESHOWHIGHABILITYSTUDENTSRESPONDTODIFFERENTINDICATORSOFUNIVERSITYQUALITYWHENAPPLYINGFORAUNIVERSITYAREPROSPECTIVESTUDENTSINFLUENCEDBYQUALITYINDICATORSOFAUNIVERSITYRANKINGORBYANEXCELLENCESTATUSAWARDEDWITHINANATIONWIDECOMPETITIONANDIFSO,ARESOMEQUALITYDIMENSIONS,EGRESEARCHREPUTATION,MENTORING,FACULTYINFRASTRUCTURE,STUDENTS’SATISFACTIONORTHEEXCELLENCESTATUS,MOREIMPORTANTTHANOTHERSINORDERTOADDRESSTHESEQUESTIONS,IESTIMATEARANDOMUTILITYMODELUSINGADMINISTRATIVEAPPLICATIONDATAOFALLGERMANMEDICALSCHOOLSASIDENTIFICATIONRELIESONTHEVARIATIONINQUALITYINDICATORSOVERTIME,ICANDISENTANGLETHERESPONSETOCHANGINGQUALITYINDICATORSFROMTHECOMMONKNOWLEDGEREGARDINGUNIVERSITYATTRACTIVENESSRESULTSSHOWTHATTHERANKINGPROVIDESMORERELEVANTINFORMATIONINTHEQUALITYDIMENSIONSMENTORING,FACULTYINFRASTRUCTUREANDTHEOVERALLSTUDENTS’SATISFACTIONTHANWITHRESPECTTORESEARCH?2012ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVED1INTRODUCTIONEVERYYEAR,SECONDARYSCHOOLGRADUATESTHATWANTTOPURSUEHIGHEREDUCATIONHAVETOCHOOSEAUNIVERSITYTHISISACRUCIALDECISIONFORTHEIRFUTURETRAJECTORIESMADEUNDERIMPERFECTINFORMATIONREGARDINGTHEIROWNABILITY,UNIVERSITYQUALITYANDTHECORRESPONDINGRETURNSTOADEGREEFROMANECONOMIST’SPOINTOFVIEW,ITISVERYIMPORTANTTHATPROSPECTIVESTUDENTSAPPLYFORTHEUNIVERSITIESTHATFITTHEMBESTINORDERTOMAXIMIZEHUMANCAPITALPRODUCTIONANDTOMINIMIZEDROPOUTSTHEREFORE,UNIVERSITYRANKINGSANDINDICATORSOFEXCELLENCEMAYPROVIDEVALUABLEINFORMATIONFORTHEDECISIONOFPROSPECTIVESTUDENTS?CORRESPONDENCEADDRESSCENTREFOREUROPEANECONOMICRESEARCHZEW,POBOX103443,D68034MANNHEIM,GERMANYTEL496211235196FAX496211235225EMAILADDRESSHORTSCHRAEERZEWDEINTHISPAPER,IANALYZEWHETHERHIGHABILITYSTUDENTSINFACTUSEDIFFERENTUNIVERSITYQUALITYINDICATORSASASOURCEOFINFORMATIONANDWHETHERSOMEQUALITYDIMENSIONSAREMOREIMPORTANTFORANAPPLICANT’SDECISIONTHANOTHERSFORTHISPURPOSE,IESTIMATETHEEFFECTOFDIFFERENTQUALITYINDICATORSFROMAGERMANUNIVERSITYRANKING–ASWELLESTABLISHEDASTHEUSNEWSWORLDREPORTRANKINGINTHEUS–ONTHEUNIVERSITYAPPLICATIONDECISIONOFHIGHABILITYSTUDENTSASANADDITIONALQUALITYINDICATOR,IUSEANEXCELLENCECOMPETITIONRUNBYTHEGERMANGOVERNMENT,WHICHDECLAREDSOMEUNIVERSITIESTOBE“EXCELLENCEUNIVERSITIES”ANDGRANTEDTHEMEXTRAMONEYIDENTIFICATIONRELIESONTHEVARIATIONINDUCEDBYCHANGESINTHERANKINGINDICATORSOVERTIMEANDTHEINTRODUCTIONOFTHEEXCELLENCESTATUSTHISALLOWSMETODISENTANGLETHERESPONSETOTHENEWINFORMATIONPROVIDEDBYTHEQUALITYINDICATORSFROMTHETIMECONSTANT,COMMONKNOWLEDGEREGARDINGTHEOVERALLUNIVERSITYATTRACTIVENESSINCONTRASTTOTHEUSHIGHEREDUCATIONSYSTEM,THEGERMANSYSTEMISTRADITIONALLYBASEDONPUBLICUNIVERSITIES02727757/–SEEFRONTMATTER?2012ELSEVIERLTDALLRIGHTSRESERVEDHTTP//DXDOIORG/101016/JECONEDUREV2012070181164JHORSTSCHR?ER/ECONOMICSOFEDUCATIONREVIEW3120121162–1176OVERALLQUALITYASIDONOTCONTROLFORTHEQUALITYSCALEUNDERLYINGTHERANKING,THEEFFECTOFINTEREST,HOWEVER,ISNOTTHEPURESIGNALLINGEFFECTOFTHERANKINGBUTINDICATESTHESTUDENTS’REACTIONSTONEWINFORMATIONONUNIVERSITYQUALITY3IUSEAVERYCOMPREHENSIVE,ADMINISTRATIVEDATASETPROVIDEDBYTHEGERMANCENTRALAGENCY‘ZVS’ADMINISTERINGTHEAPPLICATIONPROCESSFORMEDICALSTUDIES,WHICHISSUBSEQUENTLYCALLEDCENTRALCLEARINGHOUSE4THEDATASETCONTAINSINDIVIDUALINFORMATIONONALLAPPLICANTSATGERMANMEDICALSCHOOLSFORTHEYEARS2002–2008NOTETHATSTUDENTSINGERMANYAPPLYFORMEDICALSCHOOLDIRECTLYAFTERFINISHINGTHEIRSECONDARYEDUCATIONANDTHATMEDICALSCHOOLPROGRAMSTAKEABOUTSIXYEARSTOEARNA“MASTERLIKE”DEGREEWITHOUTAWARDINGANINTERMEDIATE“BACHELORLIKE”DEGREEINBETWEENTHEDATASETOFFERSTWOIMPORTANTADVANTAGESFORMYANALYSISFIRST,ICANSTUDYTHEAPPLICATIONRATHERTHANTHEMATRICULATIONDECISIONTHISISIMPORTANTASTHEAPPLICATIONDECISIONISLESSDRIVENBYSUPPLYCONSTRAINTSSECOND,THEINDIVIDUALNATUREOFTHEDATAALLOWSMETOCONTROLFORTHEDISTANCEBETWEENASTUDENT’SHOMETOWNANDEACHUNIVERSITYINTHECHOICESET,WHICHISSHOWNTOBEAVERYIMPORTANTDETERMINANTOFTHEAPPLICATIONDECISIONANIMPORTANTLIMITATIONOFTHEDATAIS,HOWEVER,THATMYANALYSESNEEDTOFOCUSONHIGHABILITYAPPLICANTS,ASTHEOTHERPROSPECTIVESTUDENTSAREOBJECTTOSTRATEGICAPPLICATIONBEHAVIORANDTHEREFOREDONOTSTATETHEIRTRUEPREFERENCESTHERESULTSSHOWTHATACHIEVINGEXCELLENCESTATUSINCREASESTHEODDSTOAPPLYFORHIGHABILITYSTUDENTSBY19OFTHEPRIORODDSHENCE,THEEXCELLENCECOMPETITIONRUNBYTHEGERMANGOVERNMENTSIGNIFICANTLYAFFECTSTHEUNIVERSITYCHOICEOFHIGHABILITYSTUDENTSREGARDINGTHERANKINGINDICATORS,AHIGHRANKWITHRESPECTTOSTUDENTS’SATISFACTIONINCREASESTHEODDSTOAPPLY,ANDALOWRANKINMENTORING,FACULTYINFRASTRUCTUREASWELLASINTHEINDICATORSTUDENTS’SATISFACTIONLOWERSTHEODDSTHERESEARCHORIENTEDINDICATORSOFTHEGERMANUNIVERSITYRANKINGSHOWNOSIGNIFICANTINFLUENCEO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下載積分: 10 賞幣
上傳時間:2024-03-13
頁數: 15
大小: 0.68(MB)
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