簡介：湘潭大學碩士學位論文非盟解決非洲地區(qū)沖突研究姓名王立群申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)國際關(guān)系指導教師李廣一20070501IIABSTRACTAFRICANUNION,ASTHEBIGGESTREGIONALINTERNATIONALORGANIZATIONINAFRICA,ITSAIMANDTARGETFOCUSONMAINTAININGTHEREGIONALPEACEANDSTABILITY,ANDPROMOTINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFREGIONALECONOMYANDTHEPROCESSOFREGIONALINTEGRATIONATPRESENT,ALTHOUGHTHEREGIONALSITUATIONINAFRICAISINALLEVIATIONASAWHOLE,CONFLICTSINSOMEPARTSOFTHEREGIONARESTILLTAKINGPLACETHISHASBECOMEONEOFTHEBIGGESTOBSTACLESINTHEPROCESSOFAFRICANCOUNTRIES’ECONOMICANDSOCIALDEVELOPMENTAFTERITWASESTABLISHED,AFRICANUNIONINHERITSTHEHISTORICALMISSIONOFITSPRECURSOR,THEAFRICANUNITYORGANIZATION,INCLUDINGTOSOLVETHEAFRICANCONFLICTS,ANDTOKEEPTHEAFRICANPEACEMOREOVER,SOMERELATEDPROVISIONSINUNITEDNATIONSCHARTERANDAFRICANUNIONCHARTERPROVIDEDTHENECESSARYLEGALBASISFORALLTHESEBASEDONTHECONFLICTSRESOLVINGMECHANISMOFAFRICANUNITYORGANIZATION,SINCEITWASFOUNDED,AFRICANUNIONHAS/IMPROVEDTHEMECHANISMTHROUGHDRAWINGSOMELESSONSFROMTHEOPERATIONOFUNSECURITYCOUNCILTHEFOUNDATIONOFTHEAFRICANUNIONPEACEANDSECURITYCOUNCILSYMBOLIZEDTHEFURTHERIMPROVEMENTOFTHEAFRICANUNIONCONFLICTSRESOLVINGMECHANISMONONEHAND,ITMADETHERESPONSIBILITYOFTHEAFRICANUNIONINTHEREGIONALCONFLICTSRESOLVINGCLEARER,ANDGAVETHELATTERGREATERPOWERONTHEOTHERHAND,THEAFRICANUNIONBECAMEINCREASINGLYACTIVEINTHEPROCESSOFCONFLICTSRESOLVINGPARTICULARLY,THERESOLUTIONOFDARFURPROBLEMCANBETREATEDASATYPICALMODELALTHOUGHASERIESOFREGIONALCONFLICTSINAFRICAWERECONTROLLEDANDRESOLVED,THEPOLITICALANDECONOMICSITUATIONINAFRICAHASBEENSTRAIGHTENEDUPGRADUALLY,ANDTHEINTERNATIONALCOMMUNITYHASALSOGIVENSOMESUPPORTTOTHEACTIVITIESOFTHEAFRICANUNION,THESECURITYENVIRONMENTINTHEREGIONISWORRYINGFURTHERMORE,THEAFRICANUNIONISSTILLINFACEOFASERIESOFCHALLENGESINTHEPROCESSOFCONFLICTSRESOLVING,DUETOVARIOUSREASONS,INCLUDINGTHEORIGINSOFTHECONFLICTSINTHEREGIONWERENOTELIMINATED,ANDTHEPROCESSOFREGIONALINTEGRATIONDEVELOPEDSLOWLY,ANDTHEFINANCIALDIFFICULTYOFTHEAFRICANUNIONITSELF,ETCTHEAFRICANUNIONMUSTSTRENGTHENITSABILITIESTORESOLVECONFLICTS,ANDSTRIVEFORMORESUPPORTFROMINTERNATIONALCOMMUNITYESPECIALLY,THEAFRICANUNIONSHOULDMANAGETHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENUNANDITSELFWELLKEYWORDSAFRICANUNIONAFRICANUNIONPEACEANDSECURITYCOUNCILAFRICACONFLICTSDARFUR

簡介：分類號UDC密級編號囪迎紐緝。學位論文直蘧指導教師墓壁麥熬堡塑昌盔堂△塞堂瞳申請學位級別亟專業(yè)名稱塹聞堂論文提交日期；QQ生月論文答辯日期2QQ釜旦學位授予單位和日期塑昌盔堂2Q籩璺旦旦答辯委員會主席評閱人2006年5月日自由談副刊史探ABSTRACTTHENEWSPAPERWASTHEPIONEERMEDIAOF1HENEWSRELEASEINCHINAINTENDFOSAVELHENATION，F(xiàn)HECHINESE『NTELLECTUAIDIFFUSELHEADVANCEDKNOWLEDGEANDTHOUGHTVIANEWSPAPERTORESISLTHECULTURAIJNVASIONOFWESTERNGREATPOWERWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTANDPROGRESSOFTHENEWSPAPER，THENEWS，COMMENTSUPPLEMENFANDADHAVEBECOMELHEFOURBASICSOFLHEMODERNNEWSPAPERTHESUPPLEMENTINITIALLYCONSIDEREDAS“BUTTOCKOFNEWSPAPER”PLAYEDANIMPORTANTROLETOMAKETHENEWSPAPERSUHIVEANDDEVELOPITHASTURNEDINTOTHEBATTLEFIELDOFLHENEWCULTURAIMOVEMENTANDDEMONSTRATEDGREATIMPACTINBOTHPROSPERITYOFTHECHINESEREVOLUTIONANDENLIGHTENMENTOFIDEOLOGYOFLHECHINESEREVOLUTIONFROMTHE“TOPTHREESUPPLEMENT”INFHE“4“’MAY”PERIOD10NTHE1930S’、THESUPPLEMENTHASBEENALWAYSANIMPELLENTINTHECHINESEMODERNREVOLUTIONCHAPTER1BRIEFLYINTRODUCTIONOFTHEHISTORYANDDEVELOPMENTPHASESSHENBAO，F(xiàn)OUNDEDBYABRITISHMAN，MAJORIN1872INAUG，1911。WANGOUNGENINITIATEFREETA／KING，LHESUPPLEMENTOFSHENBAO，ASMOSTOFTHEOTHERSUPPLEMENTTHATTIMEFREETALKINGPUBLISHEDLITERARYORRECREATIVEARTICLESSOASTOMAKETHENEWSPAPERMOREENTERTAINING，WHICH，INDEEDGAINEDQUITEAFEWNEWREADERS，CHAPTER2ANALYSISOFTHEEARLYCHARACTERISTICOFF陽ETALKINGANDTHEINFIUENCEOFTHATIN1931AGRANDREFORMWASEXECUTEDLNSHENBAO，F(xiàn)REETAFKINGWASINCHARGEOFLILIEWEN，UNDERTHESUPPEDOFENLIGHTENEDWRITERSUCHASLUXUN，MAODUN，F(xiàn)REETALKINGPUBLISHEDMANYSHARPSTYLEDARTICLESTHATPOINTEDATTHEDARKNESSOFLHESOCIETYANDORGANIZEDMANYDISCUSSIONSUPONLITERARYANDSOCIA|ISSUESASWELLWHICHHASAFARREACHINGINFLUENCE』NLHESOCIETYUNLIKEBEFORE，F(xiàn)REETA／KINGPRESENTEDAFAIRLYFREEARENATOTHEENLIGHTENEDWRITERSANDPATRIOTSAFTERTHEREFORMATIONANDFURTHERMORE，ITBROUGHTUPMANYOFYOUTHENTHUSEDOVERLITERATUREWHOEVENTUALLYEFFECTEDLHEREVOLUTIONOFMODERNFITERATUREANDINNOVATIONINTHOUGHTSOIHEAUTHORITIESSUPPRESSEDFREETALKINGCHAPTER3INTRODUCTIONOFTHEIMPORTANTPERSONDURINGTHEPROCEDUREOFREFORMATIONANDANALYSISOFTHEREASONSWHYREFORMATIONSUCCEEDEDTAOXINGZHI，LILIEWEN，LUXUNANDMAODUNCHAPTER4INTRODUCTIONANDANALYSISOFCHARACTERISTICSOFFREETALKINGINTHELATERPERIOD10M，OCT，1938，F(xiàn)REETALKINGRESUMEDPUBLISHINGALONGWITHSHENBAO，HOWEVER，THEYWERECONTROLLEDBYJAPANESEINVADERANDTHEKUOMINTANGGOVERNMENT，MANYRETROACTIVEARTICLESWEREPUBLISHEDATTHATTIMEKEYWORDSSUPPLEMENTOFNEWSPAPERSHENBAOFREETALKING，PHASEOFDEVELOPMENT，CHARACTERISTICS

簡介：湘潭大學碩士學位論文憲法訴訟模式之比較一種憲政史的研究視角姓名倪洪濤申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)訴訟法學指導教師胡肖華20020401ABSTRACTTHE15THNATIONALPARTYCONGRESSHASSETTHEGENERALPLANFORBUILDINGASOCIALISTCOUNTRYRULEDBYLAWBASICALLYSPEAKING，GOVERNANCEOFSTATEBYLAWISFIRSTOFALLTHERULEOFCONSTITUTIONSO，PEOPLE’SSENSEOFRECOGNITIONTOCONSTITUTIONMUSTBESTRENGTHENEDSOASTOREALIZETHETRANSFORMATIONFROM“PAPERCONSTITUTION”TO“LIVINGCONSTITUTION”WHILEPROMOTIONOFCONSTITUTIONAUTHORITYDEPENDSHEAVILYONCONSTRUCTIONANDPERFECTIONOFCONSTITUTIONSUPERVISIONALSYSTEMAMONGWHICH，CONSTITUTIONALLITIGATIONISONEOFIMPORTANTASPECTSONDIVERSITYANDINSTITUTIONALIZATIONOFCONSTITUTIONSUPERVISIONJUSTASTHEADVANCEDHISTORYOFWESTERNCONSTITUTIONALISMSHOWS，JUDICIALORGANSORSPECIFICCONSTITUTIONBRANCHWEREHISTORICALLYCHOSENTOPERFORMAS‘‘GUARD’OFCONSTITUTION，THUSPLAYINGAKEYROLEINTHECONSTITUTIONSUPERVISIONSYSTEMTHEGENERALLAWOFSUCHPRACTICALREASONISOFGREATREFERENCESINADEVELOPINGCOUNTRYWHICHWASONCEOPPRESSEDBYANDFEELBEHINDDEVELOPEDNATIONS，WEMUSTHAVEADEEPSTUDYANDSOBERAWARENESSOFOURNATIVECONTEXTONONEHAND，ANDLOSENOTIMETOLEARNFROMADVANCEDCONSTITUTIONCIVILIZATIONONTHEOTHERHANDONLYBECOMBININGINITIATIVELYTHEGENERALLAWOFCONSTITUTIONALISMWITHOURNMIONALCONDITIONS，CANMISSQIUJU’SPUZZLEANDUNCLESHANGANG’STRAGEDYBEAVOIDEDONTHISBASIS，TAKING“SPECIFICINDIVIDUAL”ASSUBJECT，THISPAPERFIRSTMAKESANECESSARYSTUDYONTHECOMPLICATEDHISTORYOFWESTERNCOUNTIES’CONSTITUTIONBYWAYOFHISTORICALANDCOMPARATIVESTUDYMETHODTHENFOURMODESOFCONSTITUTIONALLITIGATIONARESUMMARIZED，THATIS，THEMODEOFFRANCE，WHICHWECALLABSTRACTCONCENTRATEDMODEANDA帝一ICAN

簡介：華東政法學院碩士學位論文專制權(quán)力與憲政自由憲政視角下的澳大利亞殖民史姓名趙丹申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)法律史指導教師周偉文20050420制權(quán)力、爭取自由權(quán)利是澳大利亞殖民地立憲史的主要特征。在方法上，本文排斥理論先行的做法，避免那種宰割史實以迎合論題的弊病，重在分析法律史料判例、文件、事件等，從史料中得出結(jié)論。在歷史事件自然序列的基礎(chǔ)上，運用權(quán)力制衡的憲政思想和法律經(jīng)濟學的相關(guān)思想，探求法律制度變遷的規(guī)律性。本文的創(chuàng)新之處在于，緊緊聯(lián)系英國威斯敏斯特體系，以保證題目所言的“憲政視角”并非筆者個人的先入之見。因此，本文的憲政視角是客觀的，不僅僅是一個理論標準。在保證了方法的客觀性之后，本文得出了一些結(jié)論一、私人自由經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展對澳洲憲政是一個非常重要的推動力；二、民眾爭取自由權(quán)利的意愿是澳洲憲政自始至終的動力；三、人口數(shù)量、素質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)的大變遷是澳洲憲政得以建立的必要條件。因此，在本文看來憲政自由就是兩個方面的權(quán)利一是公民的自由權(quán)利；一是發(fā)展私人自由經(jīng)濟的權(quán)利，而獲得這兩個權(quán)利的途徑是限制專制權(quán)力。這就是本文通過考察澳大利亞立憲史得出的關(guān)于憲政的認識。關(guān)鍵詞威斯敏斯特體系總督制流放制勞動指派制系統(tǒng)化殖民理論“移民熱”“淘金熱”盎格魯一澳大利亞普通法殖民區(qū)憲法責任政府運動澳大利亞聯(lián)邦憲法

簡介：華東師范大學碩士學位論文理想與悲劇柬埔寨共產(chǎn)黨興衰史鑒姓名杜運泉申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)馬克思主義理論與思想政治教育指導教師周尚文20080501ABSTRACTTHECOMMUNISTPARTYOFKAMPUCHEACPK，ALSOBECALLEDKHMERROUGE，WASONEOFTHEMOSTMYSTICALPOLITICALPARTIESINTHEWORLD．ITSPREDECESSORWASTHEKHMERPEOPLE’SREVOLUTIONARYPARTY,WHICHWASESTABLISHEDUNDERTHEDIRECTINFLUENCEOFTHEINDOCHINESECOMMUNISTPARTYIN1951，ANDDEVELOPEDINTHEANTIFRANCEMOVEMENTS．INSEPTEMBER1960，THECOMMUNISTPARTYOFKAMPUCHEAWASFOUNDEDFORMALLY．LATER,THECPKADHEREDTOTHEPRINCIPLEOFINDEPENDENCE，ESCAPEDFROMTHECONTROLOFTHEFOREIGNPARTY,ANDUNDERWENTLONGTERMREVOLUTIONARYSTRUGGLEINJUNGLE．IN1970，THECAMBODIANWAROFNATIONALLIBERATIONBROKEOUT．THECPKPARTICIPATEDINTHENATIONALUNITYGOVERNMENTLEDBYSILLANOUK．INTHEWAR,THECPKAROUSED，ORGANIZEDANDLEDCAMBODIANPEOPLETOFIGHTAGAINSTAMERICANANDLONNOLGROUP，ANDMADEGREATCONTRIBUTIONTOTHECOUNTRY’SINDEPENDENCEANDNATION’SLIBERATION．ONAPRIL17，1975，THECAMBODIANREVOLUTIONACHIEVEDSUCCESSANDTHECPKBECAMETHERULINGPARTY．HOWEVER’THECPKDIDN’TKNOWTHEPRINCIPLESOFHOWTOBEARULINGPARTY,ANDWASN’TAWAREOFTRANSFERRINGAREVOLUTIONARYPARTYTOARULINGPARTY．THEN，THESUBJECTIVEIDEALISMEXPANDEDINTHECPK．AFTERBEINGINPOWER,THECPKLEADERSWERESOFANATICANDOPTIMISTICTHATTHEYDISREGARDEDTHECAMBODIANREALITY,ANDVIOLATEDTHEOBJECTIVELAWSOFTHESOCIALECONOMICDEVELOPMENT．THEYADOPTEDASERIESOFULTRALEFTPOLICIESINTHESOCIETY’SRECONSTRUCTIONANDECONOMICDEVELOPMENT．THECPKFORCEDMORETHAN2MILLIONURBANRESIDENTSTORUSHINTOSUBURBAREASWITHINSEVERALDAYS．THEYCARRIEDOUTTHENATIONALIZATIONANDCOLLECTIVIZATIONCOMPREHENSIVELYTOELIMINATETHEPRIVATEOWNERSHIPTHOROUGHLY．THEYEXECUTEDTHESUPPLYSYSTEMAMONGALLTHEPEOPLEWITHOUTCOMMODITY,CURRENCY,ANDWAGE，WHICHAIMEDTOREALIZEEQUALDISTRIBUTION．THEYRECONSTRUCTEDSOCIALSTRUCTURE，DIVIDEDPEOPLEINTODIFFERENTRANKS，CANCELEDFAMILIES，EXERCISEDRATIONEDMARRIAGES，ANDLETTHEMLIVEMILITARYLIVES．IDEOLOGICALLY,THECPKTRIEDTOKEEPPEOPLEINIGNORANCEANDINTENSIFIEDTHECONTROLOFPEOPLE’STHOUGHTS．THEY．TRIEDTOREALISETHECOMMUNISMATONCEINCAMBODIA，THROUGHTHESUPERGREATK印FORWARD．THECPKALSOEXTENDEDCLASSSTRUGGLES，ANDMASSACREDNUMEROUSPEOPLEINTHENAMEOFREVOLUTION．MOREOVER,THECPKABANDONEDITSFORMERALLIES，ANDDESTROYEDTHEUNITEDFRONTWITHSIHANOUK．THEYSEPARATEDTHEMSELVESFROMTHEINTERNATIONALSOCIETYTOCONSTRUCTTHEIRCOUNTRY．THEY，ALSOADOPTEDTHEULTRALEFTPOLICYWHENDEALINGWITHTHERELATIONWITHVIETNAMESE．～LINALL，PEOPLESUFFEREDALOTFROMTHECPK’SULTRALEFTPOLICIES，SOTHECPKGRADUALLYLOSTCAMBODIANPEOPLE’SSUPPORT，LOSTTHEREGIMEANDCOLLAPSEDFINALLY．6

簡介：浙江師范大學碩士學位論文關(guān)于中學歷史中科技史教學的探討姓名林毅申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)學科教學（歷史）指導教師桂棲鵬20071201史使命感和科學精神教育；同時在方法上多采用情景教學和比較教學，重塑歷史形象、提高歷史事件的信度，使學生在體驗歷史和反思歷史的過程中感受歷史、感受科技發(fā)明和應(yīng)用中體現(xiàn)出來的科學精神和人文精神。關(guān)鍵詞科技史，科學精神，人文精神，情境教學，比較教學II

簡介：湘潭大學碩士學位論文日本對非洲官方發(fā)展援助研究姓名吳波申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)國際關(guān)系指導教師李廣一200505014ABSTRACTTHEODAOFJAPANTOAFRICAISONEPARTOFTHEJAPANESEDIPLOMACYISTHEEMBODIMENTOFTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEJAPANTHEAFRICASTUDYINGTHEODAISTHERESPONSIBILITYOFTHEAFRICANSCHOLARSINCHINAWHICHCANSECURETHENATIONALINTERESTSOFCHINATHERESEARCHINCHINAISNOTFWARDASTHEWESTERNCOUNTRIESTHATPOINTATTHEDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESSHOWTHEWESTERNCOUNTRIES’ATTITUDESTPOINTTHISPAPERUSESTHEMARXISTINTERNATIONALTHEYTOSTUDYTHEODATHEESSAYDISCUSSESATTHEBEGINNINGTHEINTRODUCTYOFTHEIDEAOFJAPANESEODATOAFRICAINCLUDINGITSOPERATIONSYSTEMITSDECIDINGMECHANISMITPROSPECTSTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENJAPANAFRICAFROMHISTICALVIEWPOINTINVESTIGATINGITSPROCESSBEFEODASTRATEGYADJUSTEDEMPHASIZINGTOANALYZETHENEWASPECTSOFJAPANESEODATOAFRICAAFTERTHECOLDWARATFIRSTITELABATESTHEADJUSTMENTBACKGROUNDOFJAPANESEODATOAFRICATHENITDIGSINTOTENDENCYCAUSESOFTHEODAADJUSTMENTATTHEENDITMAKESCONCLUSIONABOUTTHERECENTACTERISTICSOFTHEJAPANESEODATOAFRICAPROSPECTSTHEFUTUREPREDICTSITSTENDENCYONTHEBASISITPROVIDESTHEUSEFULPOLICYSUGGESTIONSTOIMPROVETHESINOAFRICARELATIONSHIPITDIVIDESINTOFOURPARTSIDEASYSTEMOFTHEJAPANESEODATOAFRICATHEHISTYOFTHEJAPANESEODATOAFRICATHEADJUSTMENTOFTHEJAPANESEODATOAFRICATHEVALUATIONONTHEJAPANESEODATOAFRICATHEAUTHHOPESTHATTHERESEARCHWOULDBEUSEFULTOOURCOUNTRYTOMAKEFEIGNPOLICYDEVELOPTHEDIPLOMATICRELATIONSHIPTOAFRICAKEYWDSJAPAN；ODA；THEDIPLOMACYTOAFRICA；ADJUSTMENT

簡介：山東師范大學碩士學位論文論冷戰(zhàn)后美國對非洲政策的演變及影響姓名李德芳申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)國際關(guān)系指導教師李愛華20050410由系邪藏夫?qū)W頸L學彼論文論冷戰(zhàn)后美國對非洲政策的演變及影響中文摘要冷戰(zhàn)后，國際形勢發(fā)生了深刻的變化，美圈在非洲的國家利益也發(fā)生了重大的變化，對應(yīng)于國家利益?zhèn)戎攸c的不同美國相應(yīng)地對其非洲政策進行了三次重大調(diào)整，這些謠整勢妊對美國與纂濺酶關(guān)系產(chǎn)生篷大戇影響。貉于踅，本文深滅磅究了冷戰(zhàn)后美國對非政策的演交，并在此基礎(chǔ)上進行比較分析，以期進～步認識美國對Q洲的政策與實踐。文章從英國冷戰(zhàn)時期和冷戰(zhàn)后在非洲的國家剎蕷的考察入手，全瑟考察了冷藏磊美鏊對菲濺致繁戇三次重大諼熬籬一、二幫分，分析篡調(diào)整的原因及影響第三、四部分，從中我們可以稽出，美國對非政策的制寇與調(diào)整都是緊緊圍繞美國的國家利益麗展開的，都是為了維護美國在不同薅鬟黲定熬鏊家裂豢。文章主要袋靂令寨疆究、L較分罄亍、磊表落弱幫獲史分褥等研究方法。幽家利益最豳際關(guān)系領(lǐng)域的～個永恒的話題，是驅(qū)動國家發(fā)展對外關(guān)系的最基零黲要素，楚一溪露L定鶯家黢爨靛基本姣擺強追求匏綴零強蠡。茭鬻對辨致策的制定在任何時候都是從維護其世界領(lǐng)導圭I照位的全球戰(zhàn)略出發(fā)的，以安全利益、經(jīng)濟利益和價值剎箍為核心內(nèi)容。美國對非洲政策也是娜_【眈。非洲作為一個擁有53令輟家懿毽爨蘩大濺，以箕夔要豹蟪繚位甏窩辜爨黲炎澡藏梵冷轆瓣鬻美國抗衡蘇聯(lián)、謀求其豳家利赫的羹要場所。莢困在非洲肖重要的地緣政治利益和地緣經(jīng)濟利益。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，荑因為維護其惟一超級大湖的地位，充當世界霸主，鬟獲城蘩了其全球戰(zhàn)旗，把繳賽上任傍對焚翅皋漭具有“魏臻意義”熬縫囂都納入其戰(zhàn)略軌道，而且根據(jù)其圍窳利益?zhèn)戎攸c的不同而相成的調(diào)整美豳的對外政策。冷戰(zhàn)后的非洲怒美國調(diào)整其全球戰(zhàn)略的煎凝方面和艇要體現(xiàn)地。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后裙期，蘇聯(lián)對攘圖的戰(zhàn)略威脅消除，再加上熒匿政府的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向中東、歐洲等新的熱點地隧，非洲相對于美豳的戰(zhàn)略價值急劇下降，一度成為

簡介：山東大學碩士學位論文國際組織與非洲國際關(guān)系姓名雷米申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)國際政治指導教師王學玉20060320山東大學碩士學位論文目前，內(nèi)戰(zhàn)和政變是非洲國家存在的最嚴重的問題。但是政變的發(fā)動者往往不在非洲國家內(nèi)部做準備，而是在非洲以外的國家準備的，主要是在美國、法國、英國和西班牙。當發(fā)生內(nèi)戰(zhàn)或政變的國家在聯(lián)合國控訴美國及其西方盟友干涉本國內(nèi)政，侵犯本國主權(quán)的時候，聯(lián)合國卻不支持這引起國家的立場，使問題得不到任何解決。我認為，國際組織在處理問題時，必須堅持公正、公平的原則，不應(yīng)偏袒任何一方，這是它的職責所在。美國及其西方盟友往往允許非洲國家的反對派在其國內(nèi)建立流亡政府，這是違反國際法原則的行為，但聯(lián)合國卻始終對這種行為視而不見，從沒進行過任何約束和制裁。冷戰(zhàn)時期，美國和歐洲通過世界銀行這樣的國際組織向非洲國家提供了大量的援助，目的是防止這些國家變成社會主義國家，與此同時，蘇聯(lián)和中國也在向非洲國家提供援助，并且是沒有任何附加條件的。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后，社會主義的壓力沒有了，美國和歐洲也停止了對非洲的援助，但俄羅斯和中國卻仍然在向非洲國家提供幫助，并且仍然沒有任何附加條件。我認為，雖然我們非洲大陸是世界上最不發(fā)達的大陸，但世界各國不管大小、強弱、貧富，都應(yīng)該是平等的，都應(yīng)該互相尊重主權(quán)。關(guān)鍵詞國際組織；國際關(guān)系非洲政治；非洲經(jīng)濟2●

簡介：全民教育背景下世界銀行對非洲學前教育援助項目研究ASTUDYONPRO壓CTSOFWORLDBANK’SAIDT0PRESCHOOLEDUCATIONINAFRICAINTHECONTEXT0FEDUCATL0NFORALL作者曹夢婷CANDIDATECAOMENGTING申請學位類別和級別全日制學術(shù)性碩士學位TYPEANDLEVELOFDEGREEAPPLIEDFORFULLTIMEACADEMICMASTER’SDEGREE學科專業(yè)比較教育學MAJORCOMPARATIVEEDUCATION學位授予單位浙江師范大學DEGREECONFERRINGUNITZHEJIANGNORMALUNIVERSITY指導教師萬秀蘭SUPERVISORWANXIULAN論文提交日期2013年6月9日DATEOFSUBMISSION9JUNE2013世界銀行對非洲教育援助方向逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向基礎(chǔ)教育，對非學前教育援助項目發(fā)生從無到有的轉(zhuǎn)變，這些項目主要關(guān)注三個重點領(lǐng)域，即增加受學前教育機會，改善幼兒健康衛(wèi)生狀況，以及加強學前教育能力建設(shè)。第四部分主要分析了世界銀行對非洲學前教育援助項目的實踐，它從項目的空間分布、經(jīng)費來源、運行機制、效率評估四個方面描繪出世界銀行對非洲學前教育援助項目的概況。第五部分主要分析了世界銀行對非洲學前教育援助項目內(nèi)容框架，它分別以探索性項目“肯尼亞兒童早期發(fā)展項目”和發(fā)展性項目“埃及學前教育改善項目”為案例，具體分析世行援助項目的背景、目標、戰(zhàn)略、實施、管理、產(chǎn)出、結(jié)果與問題。第六部分主要分析了世界銀行對非洲學前教育援助項目的評價與思考，主要得出世界銀行對非洲學前教育援助項目存在以下特點要求政府盡責，做出相關(guān)承諾，制定相關(guān)政策，進行能力建設(shè)；強調(diào)與非政府組織、當?shù)孛耖g組織的合作，動員當?shù)厣鐓^(qū)參與；援助內(nèi)容上強調(diào)學前教育與兒童健康相結(jié)合；援助對象上關(guān)注弱勢群體貧困兒童、女童等等；援助過程中強調(diào)教育、衛(wèi)生、社會事務(wù)等部門的相互配合與協(xié)調(diào)。進而分析我國學前教育援助項目的現(xiàn)狀與問題，并提出對我國教育援助項目的幾點啟示拓寬學前教育發(fā)展途徑，合理定位項目，完善項目管理系統(tǒng)，注重評估與監(jiān)督的作用，重視項目各參與方的合作。關(guān)鍵詞全民教育；非洲學前教育；援助項目；世界銀行II

簡介：東北大學碩士學位論文在政治和經(jīng)濟的陰影下18481965美國華人移民入籍史姓名楊大偉申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)外國語言學及應(yīng)用語言學指導教師劉卓20070101東』匕大學碩士學位論文ABSTRACTUNDERTHESHADESOFECONOMYANDPOLITICSNATURALIZATIONOFCHINESEIMMIGRANTSINTHEUNITEDSTATES18481965ABSTRACTMUNITEDSTATESISACOUNTRYMADEUPOFIMMIGRANTSFROMALLOVERTHEWORLDMCHINESEPEOPLEALEONEOFTHELARGEGROUPSOFIMMIGRANTSLARGESCALEIMMIGRATIONFROMCHINATOTHEUNITEDSTATESBEGANINTHELATE1840SWHENGOLDWASFOUNDINCALIFOMIACHINESEIMMIGRATIONTOAMERICAHASLASTEDFORMORETHANL50YEARSSINCETHENNLECHINESEIMMIGRATIONHISTORYWASFULLOFHARDSHIPANDSTRUGGLEAFTERTHESHORTINITIALWELCOME，CHINESEIMMIGRANTSRECEIVEDRESTRICTIONEXCLUSIONANDFORBIDDANCEACCOMPANIEDWITHTHEIMMIGRATION。CHINESENATURALIZATIONBEGANN塘NATURALIZATIONHISTORYOFCHINESEIMMIGRANTSINTHEUNITEDSTATESWITNESSEDDRASTICCULTURALCONFLICTS，POLITICALEXCLUSION，ANDASERIESOFSOCIALANDECONOMICALINEQUALITYN忙STUDYONCHINESEAMERICANSBEGANTOATTRACTMOREANDMORESCHOLARS’ATTENTIONFROMTHEEARLY1980SMANYWORKSONCHINESEIMMIGRATIONHASBEENPUBLISHEDHOWEVERCHINESENATURALIZATIONWASNOTATTACHEDGREATIMPORTANCETHISTHESISAIMSTO1DOACOMPARATIVELYCOMPREHENSIVEANDSYSTEMATICSTUDYONTHENATURALIZATIONHISTORYOFCHINESEIMMIGRANTSINUSDURINGTHE150YEARS，ESPECIALLYTHEPERIODFROM1848TO1965，ANDMAKEANANALYSISANDSYNTHESIS；2PUTEMPHASISONTHEECONOMICANDPOLITICALFACTORSANDTHECONTRADICTIONBETWEENTHEMITWILLBEEASIERTOSTUDYTHECHINESENATURALIZATIONLLI吼ORYINTHEUNITEDSTATESALONGWITHTHECHINESEIMMIGRATIONHISTORYAXISDURINGTHEFREEIMMIGRATIONPERIODWITHTHEINCREASEOFCLLINESEIMMIGRATIONCHINESENATURALIZATIONEASESINCREASEDINTHEUNITEDSTATES，ALTHOUGHTHENATURALIZATIONRIGHTWASLIMITEDONLYTO“FREEWHITEPERSONS’’WHENCHINESEIMMIGRATIONWASFORBIDDEN，CHINESENATURALIZATIONDIDNOTSTOPAFTER1943CHINESENATURALIZATIONW私LEGALIZEDFORTHEFIRATIMEINTHEHISTORYCHINESEIMMIGRANTSREALIZEDTHATONLYCITIZENSCANINFLUENCETHELAWCHINESEIMMIGRANTSHADNOCITIZENSHIPTHEREFORE，THELAWWILLNOTPREVENTADVERSEINTRODUCEDTOTHECHINESE，NOTBEEFFECTIVETOPROTECTTHEMSELVESNATURALIZATIONWASREGARDEDASAGOODWAYFORCHINESETOPROTECTTHEIRRIGHTSANDFIGHTAGAINSTTHEDISCRIMINATORYLAWSCHINESENATURALIZATIONRECEIVEDINFLUENCESFROMECONOMYPOLITICS，LAWS，ANDSEINEOTHERFACTORSVARIOUSIMMIGRATIONANDNATURALIZATIONLAWSDIRECTLYAFFECTEDCHINESENATURALIZATIONBUTWHATWASBEHINDTHOSELEGALDOCUMENTSAREECONOMICANDPOLITICALENVIRONMENTWHICHPLAYEDTHEDECISIVEROLEINNATURALIZATIONISSUEKEYWORDSIMMIGRATION；NATURALIZATION；ECONOMY；POLITICS一Ⅱ一

簡介：華中師范大學碩士學位論文童子軍在中國中國近現(xiàn)代童子軍興衰史的初步考察姓名王晉麗申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)教育史指導教師周洪宇20060501

簡介：西南大學碩士學位論文論作為一般侵權(quán)前理解的范式理解歐陸200年一般侵權(quán)法演進史之哲學考察姓名陳慶申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)民商法學指導教師周安平20070401兩南大學碩士學位論文摘要獲得個案中的一般侵權(quán)理解之前，法官要受到所在國家源自生活形式井通過法律概念形式獲得規(guī)定的作為前理解的范式理解的支配，這種范式理解在本文看來就是對上述三個問題的回答即兩個法源的地位對比問題、兩個視域的優(yōu)先性問題與法官判斷權(quán)力的大小阿題通過對歐陸200年一般侵權(quán)法演進史的哲學考察，我概括出了三種作為一般侵權(quán)前理解的范式理解。進而，本文提出。法律真理”的“參與性理想”問題在我看來，問題不在于我們是否認識到“法律真理”而在于我們是否參與了“法律真理”，我們是否走在。法律真理”的途中【關(guān)鍵詞】一般侵權(quán)哲學詮釋學法律真理前理解范式理解

簡介：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學碩士學位論文新理念下初一中國古代史分層教學研究以民族政權(quán)并立的時代一課為例姓名王菲申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)學科教學（歷史）指導教師李斯琴20090430內(nèi)蒙古師范大學碩士學位論文ABSTRACTNEWCURRICULUMREFORMTOADVOCATEWITHTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFCLASSROOMTEACHING，BUTINREALITYNOTBEOPTIMISTICABOUTTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTEACHING，CLASSROOMTEACHING，THEREARESERIOUSPROBLEMSAFFECTINGTHEEFFECTIVENESSOFTHECLASSROOM，ANDINTHEDECLINEINLEARNINGABILITYOFSTUDENTSANDSTUDENTSOFUNEVENDEVELOPMENTONTHEOTHERHAND，MODEMEDUCATIONHASGRADUALLYDIVERSIFIEDDEVELOPMENT，GIVEFULLPLAYTOTHEEDUCATIONALNEEDSOFTHEHUMANPERSONALITYAUTONOMYDIVERSITYANDTHEREFORESTUDENTSCANNOTBECONFINEDORLIMITEDTODISREGARDTHEHUMANPERSONALITYINITIATIVE，ANDTHEDIFFERENCEOFTHESAMETEACHINGMODELUNDERINSUCHCASESTHEAUTHORINTEACHINGTHEONGOINGTEACHINGANDRESEARCHANDREFORM，INOTHERSTHEBASISOFRESEARCHRESULTS，TOCHOOSETEACHINGASSTRATIFIEDSTUDYEXPLOREDIFFERENTAVENUESTOEXPLOREINTHISPAPERFIRSTOFALL，THEMACROLEVELANALYSISOFTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHEGENERALCONCEPT‘OFSTRATIFICATIONOFTEACHING，ANDTHENTHE”ERAOFNATIONALPOLITICALPOWEREXISTSIDEBYSIDEONECLASS，F(xiàn)OREXAMPLEONSPECIFICMICROECONOMICANALYSIS，THECONTENTSINCLUDEFIRST，PRECLASSPREPARATIONTHEAUTHOROFTHETEACHINGOBJECTIVES，THEFOCUSANDDIFFICULT，THEANALYSISOFSPECIFICMATERIALS，WHICHISTHEKEYLINKLATER

簡介：外交學院碩士學位論文我國對非洲開展經(jīng)濟外交的戰(zhàn)略思考姓名袁倫翔申請學位級別碩士專業(yè)外交學指導教師高飛20070501ABSTRACTECONOMICDIPLOMACYREFERSTODIPLOMATICPOLICYORACTIONTOBETAKENBYSOVEREIGNSTATESANDTHEIRREPRESENTATIVEAGENCIESORPERSONNELTHROUGHECONOMICMEANSFORREALIZINGECONOMICGOALSORNONECONOMICGOALSASTHEECONOMICGLOBALIZATIONPREVAILS，ECONOMICDIPLOMACYHASATTRACTEDINCREASINGATTENTIONANDBECOMEANIMPORTANTCOMPONENTOFDIPLOMATICACTIVITIESOFGOVERNMENTSWORLDWIDE，GIVINGIMPETUSTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFECONOMICANDTRADERELATIONSAMONGDIFFERENTCOUNTRIESTHEECONOMICDIPLOMACYOFCHINAISCHARACTERIZEDBYDISTINCTIVEFEATURESANDREMARKABLEACHIEVEMENTSOVERTHEPAST50YEARS，CHINA’SECONOMICDIPLOMACYTOAFRICAHASSCOREDAGREATSUCCESSANDPLAYEDANESSENTIALROLEINCONSOLIDATINGANDDEVELOPINGSINOAFRICANFRIENDLYCOOPERATIVERELATIONSFROMTHESTRATEGICPERSPECTIVE，ECONOMICDIPLOMACYISDEEMEDTOBEAMAJORINSTRUMENTATTHEPRESENTSTAGEFORCHINATEALIZEITSPEACEFULRISEANDTODEVELOPITSFOREIGNRELATIONSWITHOTHERCOUNTRIESCHINAANDAFDCAARECOOPERATIVEPARTNERSTHATARECOMPLEMENTARYTOEACHOTHERSADVANTAGESANDBENEFITEDMUTUALLYFORTWOWINTHETWOSIDESSHARETHESAMEGOALCOMPATIBLEWITHTHEIROWNRESPECTIVEINTERESTS，THATIS，TOGAINTHEIRCOMMONDEVELOPMENTBYEXPANDINGCOOPERATIONAREASANDSEEKINGDIVERSIFIEDCOOPERATIVEPATTEMSUNDERTHENEWHISTORICALCONDITION，SINOAFRICANFRIENDLYCOOPERATIVERELATIONSMAYALSOENCOUNTERSOMENEWPROBLEMSANDCHALLENGESWEMUSTDEALWITHTHEMINAPROPERWAYBYTAKINGAFARSIGHTEDATTITUDESOASTOKEEPTHESAIDRELATIONSONAHEALTHYTRACKCHINAANDAFRICANCOUNTRIESSHOULDMAKECONTINUOUSJOINTEFFORTSANDBRINGITINTOFULLPLAYTHEPOSITIVEINFLUENCEOFTHECHINAAFNCACOOPERATIONFORUMONTHEBASISOFEQUALITYANDMUTUALBENEFITS，DIVERSIFIEDWAYSONCOOPERATION，PURSUINGPRACTICALRESULTSANDSEEKINGCOMMONDEVELOPMENT，CHINASHOULDTAKECONCRETESTEPSANDEFFECTIVEMEASURESTOFURTHERPROMOTEALLROUNDDEVELOPMENTOFSINOAFDCANFDENDLYCOOPERATIONWITHINABOARDERRANGE，INLARGERAREASANDATAHIGHERLEVELINTHISASPECT，THEECONOMICDIPLOMACYWILL