物流外文翻譯--包裹運(yùn)輸和城市物流 歐洲快遞和包裹行業(yè)的變化和挑戰(zhàn)，以法國(guó)為例（節(jié)選）

1、<p>　　中文2850字，1800單詞，9800英文字符</p><p>　　出處：Ducret R. Parcel deliveries and urban logistics: Changes and challenges in the courier express and parcel sector in Europe — The French case[J]. Research in Tra

2、nsportation Business & Management, 2014, 11:15-22. </p><p>　　Parcel deliveries and urban logistics: Changes and challenges in the courier express and parcel sector in Europe — The French case</p>

3、<p><b>　　Ducret R</b></p><p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　The European Courier, Express and Parcel sector (CEP) is a very strategic and dynamic sector involved in globalization. Pr

4、imarily, the CEP sector is a separate activity from the postal service. This sector has arisen over the past 20 years from the traditional transport of less than a truckload of general cargo. It groups together firms, ca

5、pable of delivering small, light parcels (31.5 kg at the most), quickly and accurately, all over the world, relying on sophisticated networks (hub and spoke n</p><p>　　During the past fifteen years the CEP s

6、ector in Europe, in particular the final stage of the supply chain in cities, has undergone significant and rapid changes (Menge and Hebes, 2011, Patier-Marque, 2002 and Savy and Burnham, 2013). With the spread of new te

7、chnologies and the advent of economic and social changes, new shopping and logistics patterns have emerged, leading to a growth in deliveries in particular (Esser and Kurte, 2005, Hesse, 2002, OCDE, 2003 and Weltevreden

8、and Rotem-Mindali, 20</p><p>　　This article aims at providing an up-to-date overview of the parcel sector in Europe, and at understanding the changes in the urban parcel delivery sector over the last ten yea

9、rs. It will also highlight future prospects for the sector. Undoubtedly, understanding the interests and concerns of one of the most important stakeholders of the urban freight system is essential for the urban logistics

10、 dialogue and for political players to propose efficient regulations and policies.</p><p>　　The research questions are: what are the common factors that affect the various European parcel delivery sectors an

11、d what are the common drivers of the creation of new parcel sectors in particular? How can we describe the reshuffling of European CEP sectors in their organizations, strategies, as well as the players' game? Specifi

12、c analysis will deal with the most important challenges the new sector will have to face in the future, in particular the consequences of the growing involvement of poli</p><p>　　The article is built on an a

13、nalysis based on three studies conducted between 2012 and 2013: (1) A literature review of the urban parcel sector in a European context, (2) a study of the French CEP sector via 48 interviews of French and European parc

14、el distribution service providers, retailers and experts in transport, retail or ICT; and (3) a review of urban freight transport policy in French cities via 64 interviews with local authority representatives, transport

15、operators and operational staff </p><p>　　The article will be structured as follows: it will first describe the data collection effort (1). Then it will give an outline of the new segment of the traditional

16、European CEP sector, the urban parcel distribution sector, namely the convergent structures, strategies and organization, drawing an updated and complete picture of its players (2). In order to understand how and why the

17、 urban parcel delivery segment has been shaped, we provide an analysis of some of the driving forces. Our analysis </p><p>　　2. Method, objectives and data collection of the study </p><p>　　2.1.

18、 Method and objectives</p><p>　　The article is based on an analysis of three studies conducted between 2012 and 2013. We first conducted a literature review of the urban parcel sector in a European context.

19、We conducted a review of the existing literature on the CEP sector through academic papers, European reports, firms' reports and books since 2000. Even if urban logistics and related e-commerce studies have increased

20、 in the last ten years (Dablanc, 2011 and Lindholm, 2013b), surprisingly, few detailed and recent works on th</p><p>　　Three aspects have been considered within these semi-structured interviews: the urban de

21、livery sector within a changing environment (players, strategies and organizations); the nature of the urban freight transport policy context regarding parcel delivery (dialogue between stakeholders, awareness and knowle

22、dge of urban goods distribution, problem-solving approaches and measures, experiments, incentives and reactions of the freight providers); and finally future prospects and challenges regarding</p><p>　　The f

23、irst survey was concerned with the structures of the CEP industry, while the second tried to understand the CEP sector within its environment, the city, in order to confront theory and practice.</p><p>　　Eve

24、n if the in-depth French case is the guiding principle of this survey, we have conducted several European comparisons.</p><p>　　2.2. Players interviewed and representativeness of the surveys</p><p

25、>　　Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 describe the panel of players interviewed in the two surveys. CEP players are the largest proportion of interviewees. The proportion of the different categories of players interviewed within the C

26、EP sector is relatively balanced. The panel gives a precise image of the current CEP sector. Emergent issues have been tackled thanks to a great number of meetings with start-ups and new players in the CEP industry.</

27、p><p>　　In all categories we have succeeded in reaching the most important players. For instance, three out of the five most important express providers were interviewed and three pickup points out of the four

28、which exist in France accepted our invitation.</p><p>　　Experts in transport, retail and ICT, e-retailers and local authorities are another important part of the surveys. They represent elements of the ecosy

29、stem that make the CEP industry evolve, since they influence it. They have given their vision of the changes in the CEP sector, and above all, they have focused on future prospects and challenges regarding the parcel del

30、ivery segment.</p><p>　　In order to strengthen our results, the main conclusions of the surveys have been synthesized in short reports and given to the players interviewed. Moreover, in-depth analyses were c

31、onducted with the French Post operator based on its own figures, to test the validity of the market shares provided in this article. Both audits were positive.</p><p>　　3. The renewed urban parcel delivery s

32、ector in Europe: new players, services and strategies</p><p>　　As proposed by Taylor and Hallsworth in a study about the courier service industry (Taylor & Hallsworth, 2000), we consider that the CEP sec

33、tor is characterized by the "co-evolution〃 and "convergence" of its players who are in competition in the market, and thus face the same issues and adopt similar strategies to handle them. In fact, since t

34、he beginning of the century, the traditional CEP sector in Europe has undergone significant changes, especially regarding parcel delivery in an urban conte</p><p>　　3.1. Categories of players of the urban pa

35、rcel distribution sector: between heirs and new players</p><p>　　The urban parcel delivery sector descended from the traditional CEP sector with both traditional and new players. Families of players can be d

36、istinguished in terms of the player's origin in the parcel market, core business and strategies, and their position regarding urban parcel deliveries. The sector is divided into two main families, heirs and new playe

37、rs. It is also divided into eleven sub-families: post office, integrators, logistics providers of the mail-order sales sector, other logistics</p><p><b>　　譯文</b></p><p>　　包裹運(yùn)輸和城市物流:

38、歐洲快遞和包裹行業(yè)的變化和挑戰(zhàn),以法國(guó)為例</p><p><b>　　1引言</b></p><p>　　歐洲的快遞和包裹部門(CEP)是一個(gè)非常戰(zhàn)略性的和參與全球化的動(dòng)態(tài)部門。最初，快遞和包裹部門是獨(dú)立于郵政服務(wù)部門的一個(gè)獨(dú)立的物流活動(dòng)。這個(gè)部門已經(jīng)存在了20多年了，它擁有的運(yùn)輸車比傳統(tǒng)運(yùn)輸普通貨物卡車更少一些。它聚集了公司、小型包裹運(yùn)輸部的能力，依賴于復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)

39、絡(luò)(軸輻式通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)與倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)網(wǎng)絡(luò)相結(jié)合)和可靠的追蹤和跟蹤發(fā)貨方式，以提供快速的和精確的覆蓋全球的快遞投送。簡(jiǎn)單地說，快遞提供點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)德爾當(dāng)天送貨;快遞供應(yīng)商提供快速的快遞運(yùn)輸服務(wù)，依賴于其強(qiáng)大的運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可提供次日達(dá)的快遞運(yùn)輸服務(wù);包裹服務(wù)供應(yīng)商的特點(diǎn)就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的次日達(dá)包裹遞送。但現(xiàn)在，這三個(gè)服務(wù)之間的概念已逐漸模糊了，CEP參與者提供綜合性的快遞物流服務(wù)(DHL,2008)。在歐洲，DHL、TNT、UPS共享市場(chǎng)。根據(jù)國(guó)際郵政公司于200

40、8年的統(tǒng)計(jì)，快遞包裹物流市場(chǎng)的營(yíng)業(yè)額是374億歐元(商業(yè)企業(yè)(B2B)和消費(fèi)者(B2C)包業(yè)務(wù))。根據(jù)估計(jì)，CEP市場(chǎng)營(yíng)業(yè)額將達(dá)到422億歐元(ITA咨詢&偉嘉咨詢,2009)。</p><p>　　在過去的十五年，歐洲快的遞包裹CEP行業(yè)，特別是在城市供應(yīng)鏈的最后階段，經(jīng)歷了顯著的和快速的變化(門格和赫伯2011年,馬克2002年，薩維和伯納姆2013)。新技術(shù)的傳播以及經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的變化、新的購(gòu)物和物流模

41、式的出現(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致了快遞包裹運(yùn)輸業(yè)務(wù)的增長(zhǎng)(艾塞和科特2005年，海瑟2002年，經(jīng)合組織2003，維爾特和洛特姆2009)。公司和商店也改善了它們?cè)诔鞘械墓?yīng)鏈。此外，歐洲城市的政府當(dāng)局也越來越意識(shí)到城市商品分配的重要作用，因此實(shí)施了一系列的措施來增強(qiáng)城市貨運(yùn);(達(dá)普拉克2011;林霍爾姆2011;拉索和賈卡2010)。面對(duì)日益增長(zhǎng)的復(fù)雜性，以及最后一英里的問題，面對(duì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的環(huán)境，傳統(tǒng)的CEP部門思考如何(“共贏”)(泰勒和霍爾斯沃斯2

42、000)。因此CEP的一些部門對(duì)其進(jìn)行一些重組來適應(yīng)快速變化背景下的城市包裹運(yùn)輸(盡管不是自發(fā)的)。</p><p>　　本文旨在為歐洲的包裹快遞行業(yè)提供一個(gè)最新的概述，以及闡述歐洲城市包裹遞送部門在過去的十年的變化。另外，本文還將強(qiáng)調(diào)該行業(yè)的未來前景。毫無疑問，理解城市物流貨運(yùn)系統(tǒng)最重要的利益相關(guān)者的利益和關(guān)切問題，對(duì)于政府當(dāng)局提出有效的法規(guī)和政策來說是至關(guān)重要的。</p><p>　　

43、研究的問題是:是什么因素影響歐洲的各種包裹遞送部門，以及建立新的包裹行業(yè)有哪些常見的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序?我們?nèi)绾卧谒麄兊慕M織中描述歐洲CEP的重組策略以及參與者的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)?具體分析新的部門正在未來將要面對(duì)的最重要的挑戰(zhàn)，特別是政治當(dāng)局的不斷介入，以及在歐洲范圍內(nèi)跨境電子商務(wù)的崛起的后果。</p><p>　　這篇文章是建立在2012年和2013年之間三個(gè)研究的分析之上的。(1)城市包裹部門在歐洲背景下的一個(gè)文獻(xiàn)綜述;(2)對(duì)法

44、國(guó)和歐洲的48個(gè)CEP部門，包括:包裹配送服務(wù)供應(yīng)商、零售商、運(yùn)輸、零售或ICT;的一項(xiàng)研究;(3)64個(gè)法國(guó)相關(guān)地方當(dāng)局代表的采訪，以及其對(duì)城市貨運(yùn)交通的政策;對(duì)法國(guó)19個(gè)城市的運(yùn)輸經(jīng)營(yíng)者和包裹運(yùn)輸者的訪問。原則上，即使以法國(guó)為例進(jìn)行了深入的研究，但是我們還將提供與歐洲其他國(guó)家的一個(gè)比較分析。</p><p>　　本文的結(jié)構(gòu)如下:首先描述數(shù)據(jù)收集工作，然后文章將會(huì)給出一個(gè)大綱，關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)歐洲CEP部門、城市包裹配

45、送部門、策略和組織、參與者。為了了解城市包裹遞送的形式，我們還探索了新的城市利益相關(guān)者和當(dāng)?shù)卣g的關(guān)系，以及經(jīng)濟(jì)和零售在包裹遞送供給和需求方面的作用。最后，我們總結(jié)了研究意義和在特定的跨境電子商務(wù)的崛起的背景下，物流包裹快遞行業(yè)的前景。</p><p>　　2研究方法、目標(biāo)和數(shù)據(jù)收集</p><p>　　2.1研究方法、目標(biāo)</p><p>　　本文是基于201

46、2年到2013年之間的三項(xiàng)研究進(jìn)行分析的。我們首先歐洲城市包裹部門的背景進(jìn)行了文獻(xiàn)綜述。我們對(duì)現(xiàn)有CEP部門文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了回顧，自2000年以來公司的報(bào)告和書籍等。即使城市物流及相關(guān)電子商務(wù)研究在過去的十年里增加了很多(達(dá)布拉卡2011，霍姆2013),令人驚訝的是，近期的文獻(xiàn)很少會(huì)詳細(xì)地進(jìn)行分析，不過德國(guó)有一些這方面的研究(門格和赫比2011年,格魯伯等2013)。即使有關(guān)城市物流的研究經(jīng)常提到CEP部門或者是把包裹作為城市貨運(yùn)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵

47、的部分，對(duì)行業(yè)的深入介紹則會(huì)很少(梅斯2012，米亞塔克和尼莫塔2013)。它似乎是一個(gè)前提，同時(shí)我們對(duì)近六年四個(gè)法國(guó)城市物流供應(yīng)鏈和專業(yè)雜志出版物進(jìn)行了一個(gè)專門的研究，包括一個(gè)國(guó)際CEP刊物，郵報(bào)和包裹。專業(yè)的出版物為CEP行業(yè)提供了豐富的材料，比學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)提供的還多。我們還對(duì)法國(guó)和歐洲的48個(gè)CEP部門，包括:包裹配送服務(wù)供應(yīng)商、零售商、運(yùn)輸、零售或ICT進(jìn)行了研究。這個(gè)調(diào)查于一年后完成，對(duì)城市貨運(yùn)交通政策進(jìn)行了一個(gè)回顧，通過采訪64

48、個(gè)法國(guó)當(dāng)?shù)卣?、城市?guī)劃部門、運(yùn)輸經(jīng)營(yíng)者和19個(gè)城市的包裹操作人員。這些調(diào)查的時(shí)間都不超過三個(gè)月，鑒</p><p>　　在進(jìn)行這些半結(jié)構(gòu)化訪談的時(shí)候，需要考慮三個(gè)方面:不斷變化的環(huán)境中的城市交付部門(參與者、策略和組織);包裹遞送的城市貨運(yùn)交通政策背景(利益相關(guān)者之間的對(duì)話、意識(shí)和城市分布知識(shí)、解決問題的方法和措施、貨運(yùn)供應(yīng)商的激勵(lì)因素和反應(yīng));最后是關(guān)于包裹遞送的未來前景和挑戰(zhàn)。</p>&

49、lt;p>　　第一個(gè)調(diào)查是考慮CEP產(chǎn)業(yè)的結(jié)構(gòu);而第二個(gè)試圖理解具體環(huán)境和城市中的CEP部門，以比較理論與實(shí)踐。</p><p>　　即使主要是以法國(guó)為調(diào)查的案例，但我們也對(duì)歐洲的其他國(guó)家進(jìn)行了一些比較研究。</p><p>　　2.2參與者采訪和調(diào)查的代表性</p><p>　　圖1和圖2描述了兩項(xiàng)調(diào)查中對(duì)參與者的采訪問題樣板。CEP參與者是最大比例的受訪者

50、。不同類別的參與者接受采訪的比例在CEP部門是相對(duì)平衡的。由于大量的CEP行業(yè)的初創(chuàng)企業(yè)和新參與者的會(huì)議，緊急問題已經(jīng)得到了很好的解決。在所有類別中，我們已經(jīng)成功地找到了最重要的參與者。例如，參訪了五分之三的最重要的快遞服務(wù)供應(yīng)商，以及法國(guó)的四分之三接受了我們的邀請(qǐng)。</p><p>　　運(yùn)輸方面的專家、零售和ICT、電子零售商家和地方政府是我們調(diào)查的另一個(gè)重要的部分。他們代表了CEP行業(yè)發(fā)展的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。他們都對(duì)

51、CEP部門的變化給予了關(guān)注，最重要的是，他們都很關(guān)注包裹遞送等的未來前景和挑戰(zhàn)。</p><p>　　為了加強(qiáng)我們的研究結(jié)果，調(diào)查的主要結(jié)論被合并成一個(gè)綜合性的簡(jiǎn)報(bào)。此外，對(duì)法國(guó)郵政運(yùn)營(yíng)商進(jìn)行了深入的分析，基于他們自己的數(shù)據(jù)，測(cè)試了本文中提供的市場(chǎng)份額等數(shù)據(jù)的有效性。審計(jì)也都是積極的。</p><p>　　3.歐洲的新城市包裹遞送部門:新的參與者、服務(wù)和策略</p><

52、p>　　根據(jù)泰勒和霍爾斯沃斯對(duì)快遞服務(wù)行業(yè)的一項(xiàng)研究，我們認(rèn)為，CEP行業(yè)的特點(diǎn)是處于激烈的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中參與者的“共贏”和“融合”，從而面臨同樣的問題，可以采取相似的策略來處理它們。事實(shí)上，自本世紀(jì)初以來，傳統(tǒng)的CEP部門在歐洲已經(jīng)發(fā)生了重大變化，特別是關(guān)于不同城市背景下的包裹遞送，并且一個(gè)新的部門已逐步出現(xiàn)，即致力于城市小型和輕型交付包裹的城市包裹遞送部門。有著相似的遞送服務(wù)、組織和策略，通過對(duì)法國(guó)CEP部門的深入研究，這里我們將

53、對(duì)新的部門進(jìn)行一個(gè)概述。</p><p>　　3.1城市包裹配送部門參與者的類別:繼承人和新參與者</p><p>　　城市包裹遞送部門是從傳統(tǒng)的CEP部門中發(fā)展并獨(dú)立出來的。不過可以根據(jù)包裹市場(chǎng)的起源,對(duì)他們進(jìn)行區(qū)分，還有核心業(yè)務(wù)和戰(zhàn)略、城市包裹交付等。主要分為兩個(gè)主要的參與者，繼承人和新參與者。也分為十一個(gè)二級(jí)成員:郵局、集成商、物流供應(yīng)商、其他物流供應(yīng)商、其他郵政供應(yīng)商、分包商、小網(wǎng)