外文翻譯----影響采區(qū)巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性的主要因素及其指標(biāo)

1、<p><b>　　附 錄Ⅰ</b></p><p>　　影響采區(qū)巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性的主要因素及其指標(biāo)</p><p>　　摘要：本文講述了圍巖強(qiáng)度、埋藏深度和煤層傾角對(duì)采區(qū)巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性的影響；以及圍巖穩(wěn)定性的指標(biāo)，重點(diǎn)介紹了獨(dú)立性原則、明確性原則、重要性原則、易獲取性原則。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：獨(dú)立性原則、明確性原則、重要

2、性原則、易獲取性原則</p><p>　　一、影響采區(qū)巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性的主要因素</p><p>　　1.圍巖的強(qiáng)度及其構(gòu)造特征</p><p>　　圍巖強(qiáng)度對(duì)巷道的變形和破壞起決定性作用。巷道圍巖本身就是一種天然承載結(jié)構(gòu)，其承載能力的大小與其強(qiáng)度有關(guān)。圍巖強(qiáng)度越高巖越小，巷道越容易維護(hù)。</p><p>　　巷道圍巖的變形破壞還與圍巖的構(gòu)造特

3、征有密切關(guān)系，其中最主要的是層理的發(fā)育程度，層理的存在使得巖體的強(qiáng)度大大減少；節(jié)理裂隙的存在，則容易引起頂板局部冒落或巷幫片幫。因此，節(jié)理間距，分層厚度的大小對(duì)巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性的影響也是不可忽視的。</p><p><b>　　2.埋藏深度</b></p><p>　　巷道的埋藏深度是確定巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性的基本因素之一，它直接決定原言應(yīng)力的大小，而采動(dòng)應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)一般為2

4、.5~5。另外，隨著深度的增加，圍巖移近率不斷增加，給巷道維護(hù)工作帶來困難。</p><p><b>　　3. 煤層傾角</b></p><p>　　由于巷道圍巖最大主應(yīng)力方向垂直頂?shù)装?，故在煤層傾角不同時(shí)，巷道的主要受壓方向和大小也不同。在原巖應(yīng)力狀態(tài)下，最大主應(yīng)力б與傾角а的關(guān)系為：ба=rH(cos2а+ηsin2а),式中η為惻壓系數(shù)。根據(jù)前蘇聯(lián)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)研究結(jié)果，

5、傾斜賦存條件下巷道頂?shù)装逡平康拿簩觾A角影響系數(shù)Kа為：а<=35°時(shí)Kа=0.8;35°<а<55°時(shí)Kа=0.65.在回采影響階段，煤層傾角а越大，ба越小，從而導(dǎo)致支承壓力帶長(zhǎng)度和應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)也相應(yīng)越小。</p><p><b>　　4. 地下水的影響</b></p><p>　　巷道圍巖中含水率較高時(shí)，會(huì)加快和加

6、劇巷道的變形和破壞。地下水對(duì)相當(dāng)數(shù)量的巖石有軟化，泥化，膨脹等作用，尤其是軟巖，地下水容易使其崩解和膨脹，從而使圍巖強(qiáng)度大為降低并產(chǎn)生較大的塑性變形。對(duì)于節(jié)理發(fā)育的巖體，水使受節(jié)理剪切的破碎巖塊間的摩擦力減小，從而導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)度降低，同時(shí)水又使層理面上的摩擦力減小，并分成更多的薄層。因此，地下水對(duì)圍巖穩(wěn)定性的影響是相當(dāng)大的，在考慮巷道圍巖分類時(shí)，含水率是個(gè)重要的影響因素。</p><p>　　二、回采巷道圍巖結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性

7、指標(biāo)</p><p>　　眾所周知，巷道圍巖是極其復(fù)雜的工程巖體，其圍巖穩(wěn)定性受到許多因素的制約。因此，對(duì)回采巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性的分類研究就應(yīng)從引起巷道圍巖變形和破壞的主要因素出發(fā)，在確定分類指標(biāo)時(shí)遵循下列原則：</p><p>　　重要性原則：分類指標(biāo)必須是控制巷道圍巖體穩(wěn)定性的最重要的因素，且能反映巷道工程地質(zhì)及礦山壓力顯現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　獨(dú)立性原則：

8、分類指標(biāo)必須具有獨(dú)立性，每個(gè)指標(biāo)都能反映巷道圍巖結(jié)構(gòu)某一部分的穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)，每個(gè)指標(biāo)可以用一些因素來綜合反映。</p><p>　　明確性原則：分類形式簡(jiǎn)明易懂，含義明確，可以直接為礦山設(shè)計(jì)，施工部門提供決策依據(jù)，具有超遷預(yù)報(bào)的特點(diǎn)。</p><p>　　易獲取原則：分類指標(biāo)所涉及的參數(shù)應(yīng)當(dāng)容易測(cè)定或回獲取。</p><p>　　由此，把巷道看作是由頂板，底板，煤柱側(cè)幫

9、和工作面?zhèn)让后w所組成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)體，分別研究各結(jié)構(gòu)亞分類指標(biāo)來反映巷道的整體穩(wěn)定性。</p><p>　　底板穩(wěn)定性指標(biāo)S1的確定</p><p>　　工作面前方形成的超前支承壓力峰植的大小對(duì)回采巷道頂板定性具有相當(dāng)大的制約作用，它是決定巷道所處應(yīng)力狀態(tài)的主要外在因素。巷道頂板巖層的強(qiáng)度，分層厚度也節(jié)理裂隙的發(fā)育程度是影響回采巷道頂板穩(wěn)定性的主要內(nèi)在因素。巷道斷面的大小和形狀對(duì)其頂板的穩(wěn)定性

10、也有一定的影響。</p><p>　　綜合考慮上述影響因素，回采巷道頂板穩(wěn)定性指標(biāo)S1為：</p><p>　　S1=C3krH/C1C2б1</p><p>　　式中 k——最大應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)；</p><p>　　rH——巷道所處深度的原巖垂直應(yīng)力，Mpa ;</p><p>　　б1——頂板巖石的平均強(qiáng)度，Mp

11、a ;</p><p>　　C1-——節(jié)理裂隙對(duì)強(qiáng)度的影響系數(shù)；</p><p>　　C2——分層厚度對(duì)強(qiáng)度的影響系數(shù)；</p><p>　　C3——巷道寬度對(duì)頂板穩(wěn)定性的影響系數(shù)</p><p>　　C3——巷道寬度對(duì)頂板穩(wěn)定性的影響系數(shù)。</p><p>　　最大應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)k的確定</p><

12、p>　　在通常情況下，最大應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)k為2.5~3.0；疊加支承壓力區(qū)最大應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)4~5。巷道為實(shí)體或留小煤柱送巷時(shí)k可按3考慮，疊加區(qū)可按4.5考慮。最大應(yīng)力集中系數(shù)k隨地質(zhì)條件和開采條件的變化而變化。</p><p>　　節(jié)理裂隙影響系數(shù)C1. 分層厚度影響系數(shù)C2的確定</p><p>　　巷道頂板巖體中節(jié)理裂隙的發(fā)育程度.分層厚度的大小將會(huì)直接影響到巷道頂板巖體的穩(wěn)定性

13、。頂板冒落與頂板裂隙和分層厚度的關(guān)系，即頂板的冒落高度隨著頂板裂隙數(shù)目和分層數(shù)目的增加而增加，因此，可以把節(jié)理裂隙間距和分層厚度作為影響巖體完整性的主要指標(biāo)。</p><p>　　底板穩(wěn)定性指標(biāo)S2的確定</p><p>　　回采巷道底板穩(wěn)定狀況對(duì)巷道整體穩(wěn)定性有著極其重要的影響。尤其是在底板受地下水影響或底板巖層是軟弱巖層時(shí)，巷道底板失穩(wěn)將引起大量的底臌，斷面縮小，支架折損等，大大增加了

14、巷道維修和翻修的工作量。影響巷道底板穩(wěn)定性的因素很多，主要表現(xiàn)為以下幾個(gè)方面：開采引起的集中應(yīng)力；底板巖層的強(qiáng)度；含有粘土類礦物質(zhì)的巖層在遇水后強(qiáng)度弱化或遇水后發(fā)生膨脹；底板巖層的流變特征。</p><p>　　綜合以上幾個(gè)因素確定底板穩(wěn)定性指標(biāo)S2為：</p><p>　　S2=KrH/C4*б2 </p><p>　　式中

15、б2——底板巖石的綜合強(qiáng)度；</p><p>　　C4——水對(duì)底板巖石強(qiáng)度的修正系數(shù)</p><p>　　水對(duì)底板巖石強(qiáng)度修正系數(shù)C4的確定 </p><p>　　巖石一般都具有吸水軟化的提正，由于礦物膠結(jié)程度不同，各種巖石的軟化系數(shù)也是不同的。水對(duì)巖石的軟化機(jī)理主要是浸濕作用，溶蝕作用楔入壓裂作用。</p><p>　　浸濕作用是指巖石

16、中礦物組成成分浸水性強(qiáng)，能吸收水根子從而改變巖石的物理狀態(tài)，減少了巖石顆粒之間的內(nèi)聚力，使其強(qiáng)度降低。</p><p>　　結(jié)束語(yǔ)：回采巷道底板穩(wěn)定狀況對(duì)巷道整體穩(wěn)定性有著極其重要的影響。對(duì)回采巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性的分類研究就應(yīng)從引起巷道圍巖變形和破壞的主要因素出發(fā)，在確定分類指標(biāo)時(shí)遵循以上原則對(duì)回采巷道圍巖穩(wěn)定性的分類研究就應(yīng)從引起巷道圍巖變形和破壞的主要因素出發(fā)，在確定分 類指標(biāo)時(shí)遵循上述四個(gè)原則。</p&g

17、t;<p><b>　　附 錄Ⅱ</b></p><p>　　The major factor of rock stability</p><p>　　and project geological factor</p><p>　　Summary: Surround rock strength for tunnel and i

18、ts charactories take decision role. Bury depth and the inclination of coal seam and the influence of underground water also make an important role.</p><p>　　Keywords: definiteness principle Clear and def

19、inite principle independence principle iteaye to get principle </p><p>　　一、The major factor of rock stability</p><p>　　1.Surround rock strength for tunnel and its charactories</p><

20、;p>　　Surround rock strength for tunnel warp with damage take decision role. Tunnel surround rock for is a kind of natural bear structure, the size of its bearing capacity is concerning its strength. The more surround

21、rock strength high rock the more little, the more tunnel is defended easily. </p><p>　　It is destroied that what tunnel surround rock warp with surround the structure feature of rock have close relation, wha

22、t is in which major is that the growth level of layer reason, what layer manage have the strength large decreasing that makes rock body; Section reason the existence of crack, arouse the part of roof sheet easily to emit

23、 fall or alley gang flat gang. Therefore section reason span, the size of statified thickness for tunnel surround the influence of rock stability also is cannot</p><p>　　2.Bury depth </p><p>　　T

24、unnel bury depth is definite tunnel surround the one of basic factor of rock stability, it directly decides the size of speech stress, and pick to move stress concentration coefficient is 2.55 normally. Additionally, alo

25、ng with the increase of depth surround rock to move near rate unceasing increase, bring difficulty to tunnel maintenance work. </p><p>　　3. The inclination of coal seam </p><p>　　Because of tunn

26、el, surround rock biggest main stress direction vertical top base plate, so in the inclination of coal seam not at the same time, tunnel receive mainly to press direction and size also difference. Under rock stress state

27、 biggest main stress б with inclination а relation is: б а = rH ( cos2 а + η sin2 а ), in type η is sorrowful press coefficient. According to the research result of the former Soviet Union on-the-spot incline to compose

28、store condition tunnel top base plate move th</p><p>　　4. The influence of underground water </p><p>　　Tunnel surround the moisture content in rock higher , can accelerate and aggravate tunnel w

29、arp with damage. The rock of underground water for considerable quantity has to soften, mud melts , expansion etc. take affect , especially soft rock, underground water is easy make it Beng untie and expand , so, make su

30、rrounding rock strength reduce and produce greater plasticity considerably to warp. For section cut hair the rock body that given birth to , it is little that water make the friction force </p><p>　　二、Pick t

31、unnel two times to surround rock structural stability index </p><p>　　As well known tunnel surround rock is extremely complex project rock body, it surrounds rock stability to get the restriction of a lot of

32、 factors. Therefore as returning to pick tunnel surround the classfication research of rock stability for should from arouse tunnel surrouthe major factor that warps and destroies leave , when determining classfication i

33、ndex, following principle: </p><p>　　1.Importance principle: Classfication index must be to control tunnel to surround the most important factor of rock body stability , and can reflect that tunnel project i

34、s geological and the characteristic that mining pressure shows. </p><p>　　2.Independence principle: Classfication index must have independence, every index can reflect tunnel to surround the steady state of

35、rock structural certain part, every index can synthesize reflection with some factors. </p><p>　　3.Definiteness principle: Classfication form is concise and easy to understand , meaning is made clear , can b

36、e direct to be mining to design , construction department offers decision basis, have to exceed move the characteristic of forecast. </p><p>　　4.Is easy to get principle: The parameter been concerned with by

37、 classfication index should be easy to survey or return to get. </p><p>　　By this, regard tunnel as the compound structural body that side gang and face side coal body form by roof sheet, base plate and coal

38、 column , study respectively that each structural subclassification index reflects the overall stability of tunnel. </p><p>　　Stability index S1 of roof sheet </p><p>　　The advanced supporting p

39、ressure summit that forms in front of face the size that planted for return to pick tunnel roof sheet determine the nature to have fairly big restriction role, it is to decide the major external factor of tunnel located

40、stress state. The strength of the tunnel rock stratum of roof sheet, statified thickness the also section growth that manages crack level is influence return to pick the major inner factor of the tunnel stability of roof

41、 sheet. Shape and the size of tunne</p><p>　　Synthesize consideration above-mentioned influencing factor, return to pick tunnel stability index S1 of roof sheet is: </p><p>　　S1 = C3krH/C1C2 б 1

42、 </p><p>　　In type k — — biggest stress concentration coefficient; </p><p>　　RH — — the rock vertical stress of tunnel located depth, Mpa; </p><p>　　б 1 — — the average strength of

43、the rock of roof sheet, Mpa; </p><p>　　C1 - — — the section influence of managing crack for strength coefficient; </p><p>　　C2 — — statified thickness the influence for strend rock ngth coeffici

44、ent; </p><p>　　C3 — — tunnel width the influence for the stability of roof sheet coefficient </p><p>　　Biggest stress concentration coefficient k determine </p><p>　　In usual condit

45、ion take off , biggest stress concentration coefficient k is 2.53.0; Overlay supporting pressure district biggest stress concentration coefficient 45. Tunnel is entity or reserve little coal column to send alley k can co

46、nsider according to 3, overlay district can consider according to 4.5. Biggest stress concentration coefficient k the anywhere quality change of condition and field condition change. Liu the etc. person of hearing the ex

47、periment with plenty of basises research and </p><p>　　K =-0.841 + 3.275 * 10-3 H + 0.455 M + 0.013 L + 0.084 D-0.02 а </p><p>　　Section reason crack influence coefficient C1. Statified thicknes

48、s influence coefficient C2 determine </p><p>　　In the tunnel rock body of roof sheet the section growth that manages crack level. The size of statified thickness will directly affect the stability of the tun

49、nel rock body of roof sheet. Roof sheet emits to fall with the relation of the statified thickness and crack of roof sheet roof sheet emit to fall altitude along with the increase of the crack number and statified number

50、 of roof sheet increase , therefore can manage section crack span and statified thickness is the major index that affect</p><p>　　Stability index S2 of base plate determine </p><p>　　Return to p

51、ick the tunnel steady condition of base plate for tunnel overall stability have extremely important influence. Especially in base plate get underground water influence or the rock stratum of base plate is weak rock strat

52、um , tunnel base plate lose steady will arouse plenty of bases Gu, section is reduced , support fold harm etc., have increased greatly the tunnel workload that repairs and rebuilds. The factor that affects the tunnel sta

53、bility of base plate shows a lot mainly, is some </p><p>　　It is been that more than comprehensive, some factors determine stability index S2 of base plate: </p><p>　　S2 = KrH/C4 * б 2 </p>

54、;<p>　　In type б 2 — — the comprehensive strength of the rock of base plate; </p><p>　　C4 — — the correction coefficient of water for the rock strength of base plate </p><p>　　1. Water fo

55、r rock strength correction coefficient C4 of base plate determine </p><p>　　Rock have normally to inhale water softening mention just, since mineral glued level is different, various rocks soften coefficient

56、 is also difference. Water for rock soften mechanism is mainly to soak role, corrosion role Xie enter the role of pressure break. </p><p>　　It is strong to soak role to denote the mineral composition composi

57、tion flooding in rock, can absorb water root to change the physical state of rock , have reduced the cohesive force between rock pellet , make its strength reduce. </p><p>　　The end:It surrounds rock stabili

58、ty to get the restriction of a lot of factors. Therefore as returning to pick tunnel surround the classfication research of rock stability for should from arouse tunnel surrouthe major factor that warps and destroies lea