外文翻譯--生產(chǎn)制造過程中對于環(huán)境有利的改進方法

1、<p><b>　　中文3210字</b></p><p>　　本科生畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻譯</p><p>　　外文題目：Improved Methods for Production Manufacturing Processes in Environmentally Benign Manufacturing</p><p>　

2、　譯文題目：生產(chǎn)制造過程中對于環(huán)境有利的改進方法</p><p>　　學 生 姓 名： </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 工業(yè)工程0901 </p><p>　　指導教師姓名： </p>

3、;<p>　　評 閱 日 期： </p><p>　　Improved Methods for Production Manufacturing Processes in Environmentally Benign Manufacturing</p><p>　　How to design a production

4、 process with low carbon emissions and low environmental impact as well as high manufacturing performance is a key factor in the success of low-carbon production.It is important to address concerns about climate change f

5、or the large carbon emission source manufacturing industries because of their high energy consumption and environmental impact during the manufacturing stage of the production life cycle. In this paper methodology for de

6、termining a production process is </p><p>　　A manufacturing system is an input-output system in which manufacturing resources (materials and energy) are transformed into products or semi-products. Manufactur

7、ing is the backbone industry for economic growth; meanwhile, it consumes a large amount of limited resources and is the root of the current environmental pollution problems. It is reported that 70–80% of the global envir

8、onmental pollution is caused by manufacturing. Production processing is one of the stages in the life cycle of a prod</p><p>　　Since the 1970s, creating the concept has been greatly expanded. 1998 U.S. Natio

9、nal Research Council NRC confirmed that manufacturing is still create the most basic means of social wealth, the country's economic engine is running strong pillars and to create defined as: the creation, development

10、, support and provide products and services required by the process of the process And organizational entities. 1999 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT that manufacturers include: product planning</p><

11、p>　　As an industry, modern manufacturing has expanded to include: hardware, software or integrated hardware and software, biotechnology and agricultural production of certain products. China's industrial projects

12、must actively participate in and help manufacturers deal with the following six major challenges:</p><p>　?、?The use of information technology enterprise organizations to enhance the market's rapid respo

13、nse capability. To this end, manufacturers must make full use of e-commerce and concurrent engineering and other technical means and tools. </p><p>　?、赗apid captures, collect competitive information, and qui

14、ckly put them into competitive intelligence and knowledge. Industrial projects must make full use of competitive intelligence (competitive intelligence), horizontal comparison (benchmarking) and the relations (relationsh

15、ip) and other advanced methods and tools. </p><p>　?、跼apid deployment and system integration, technology and resources. Manufacture and development of the network based on Internet and intranet communication

16、. </p><p>　?、蹺liminate or control pollution, enhance their adaptability to the environment. Executive: the smallest non-renewable resource use, minimize energy use, air and water pollution minimization, so t

17、hat work and living environment of the four criteria for green guidelines.</p><p>　　⑤The development of recombinant enterprises (Reconfigurable Enterprise). The so-called reorganization of enterprises can be

18、 in a good infrastructure (such as laws, regulations and administrative, and the orderly and efficient financial and market operation, distribution of resources and communication networks, and other social conditions) su

19、pport, according to task or project requests for cooperation can quickly "Polymerization" (that is composed of dynamic alliance or virtual), once the task is</p><p>　?、?Innovation and improvement i

20、n the flow of (the) way. It is based on elementary particle physics, biotechnology, nanotechnology and micro and small parts of the production and manufacture of materials and innovations in technology to improve the met

21、hods and processes. </p><p>　　At the same time, Industrial projects should actively participate in the response to the challenge of the 10 key technology research and development, they are:</p><p&

22、gt;　?、?Reconfigurable Manufacturing System RMSs (Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems). Manufacturing Practice has proved that enterprises in the three core elements of competition in the manufacturing system often meet

23、customer demand for the development of new products to market and rapid response to market the business activities of the bottleneck. RMSs of traditional manufacturing systems planning, design, construction and operation

24、 of the innovation theory and method, which uses system component</p><p>　?、贜o loss of processing (Waste2free Processing). The future of the manufacturing process is energy consumption and minimize the consu

25、mption of resources. </p><p>　?、跱ew course materials (New Materials Process). It is built on the innovations of raw materials and spare parts manufacturing methods and processes on the basis of. </p>

26、<p>　?、躆anufacturing biotechnology (Biotechnology for Manufacturing). It is the use of technology to automate the processing and assembling a new generation of manufacturing technology.</p><p>　?、軪nterp

27、rise modeling and simulation (Enterprise Modeling and Simulation). Such technology to solve enterprise system transformation, business processes and manufacturing operations of all the modeling, simulation and systems in

28、tegration and other issues effectively integrated. </p><p>　?、?IT (Information Technology). It is the correct and efficient decision-making at all levels to provide key information in all directions and the

29、rapid conversion of intelligence information and knowledge technologies. </p><p>　　⑦Product and process design (Product and Process Design Methods). It requires innovative systems, products and processes/pro

30、cess design theory, methods and tools, is the next generation of computer-aided design principle, methods and tools.</p><p>　?、郋nhanced machines - the interface (Enhanced Machine Human Interfaces). It is mac

31、hines and people to solve the problem of a new generation of human-computer interface engineering technology, focused on solving the physical interface design and enhance the learning ability of the staff problems. </

32、p><p>　?、酳taff education and training (Workforce Education and Training). It requires the construction of a rapid Lenovo knowledge of education and training and development of direct communication between the d

33、ifferent language translation machine, and different cultures, languages staff cooperation.</p><p>　?、釯ntelligence cooperation system software (Software for Intelligent Collaboration Systems). Its purpose is

34、 to a different language and cultural background of the expert intelligence cooperation through the integration of software as one. It includes group communication protocol; an agreement creating private networks, distri

35、buted business process control methods and standards and sharing of knowledge, such as software development is the use of the interactive and dynamic model of cooperation bet</p><p>　　A process route diagnos

36、is and improvement method that uses EBM concepts differs from traditional enterprise diagnosis methods. EBM concepts consider the environmental impact, resource efficiency and resource consumption. The goal of this work

37、is to offer a fundamental solution to a recurrent enterprise problem by establishing an evaluation model that incorporates EBM concepts. The ultimate aim is to balance the economic and social benefits.</p><p&g

38、t;　　China has adopted the former Soviet Union's industrial system, people on the efficiency and standardization of awareness is relatively weak. A considerable number of enterprises exist: the lack of scientific prac

39、tices, systematic, standardized, mainly to use their experience and personal desire to act; operating methods of improving the general workers from the spontaneous acts of individuals; still use a rough estimation method

40、 developed experience in the fixed time, Standard time is not fixed </p><p>　　A. work on technology in hand, and restrictions on the work of the universal: </p><p>　　With the scientific and tech

41、nological progress, development and production of computer technology in industrial engineering in the field of application, it is necessary to improve the method and scale of efficiency and quality of work, but work on

42、technology has long been dependent on the skill level of operations Has been designed by researchers working with its work on the production of knowledge and practical experience to design processes and calculated the co

43、rresponding fixed working hours.</p><p>　　B. the lack of work on software system: </p><p>　　At present, many domestic and foreign software companies in China into the software systems are mostly

44、 concentrated in the CAD, CAPP, CAM, PDM, ERP and other popular software, and software investment in research work and development are very few. The reason, of course, there are software vendors in this area of neglect,

45、but the main reason for domestic enterprises has exposed the basic data on the attitude of indifference, lack of work on software systems understanding. Research failed to keep p</p><p>　　With the developmen

46、t and strengthening of modern enterprises, the size of the business growing based on data increasingly huge and updated data based on speed has accelerated, the traditional manual work study has been unable to meet the n

47、eeds of modern enterprises. Business-to-basic data accuracy, timeliness and standardization of the requirements of basic data and experience of traditional means of access to the conflict between has become increasingly

48、prominent.</p><p>　　To solve these problems and contradictions, some domestic enterprises began to explore the work on computer-aided system, in particular the labor scale computer-aided system. These system

49、s for enterprise work on the implementation of the convenience brought about certain, but not mature, mostly in the experimental stage, only to individual enterprises often work in some areas of research, not to promote

50、universal. Therefore, a comprehensive research and development work on a common computer-aide</p><p>　　Resource consumption and waste materials are the roots of environmental pollution. Thus, before the envi

51、ronmental characteristics of resources are analyzed deeply in process planning, in terms of EBM, the resource flow and its environmental impact in the manufacturing system have to be analyzed and described first</p>

52、;<p>　　China's enterprises, implementation of research and innovation, exploration work on the theory and information technology integration means, the development and application of computer-aided research sy

53、stems (CAWS system), a research work to solve our problems and contradictions of the inevitable Road.</p><p><b>　　.</b></p><p>　　生產(chǎn)制造過程中對于環(huán)境有利的改進方法</p><p>　　如何使一個生產(chǎn)過程達到低

54、碳排放、對環(huán)境的影響減小以及高生產(chǎn)性能的一個關鍵因素就是低碳生產(chǎn)。關注影響氣候變化的碳排放的制造業(yè)是很重要的，因為他們生產(chǎn)過程中的高消耗和對環(huán)境的影響的時間較長。在本文中，我們提到一個用于生產(chǎn)過程的方法。這種方法從三個不同的層次，綜合考慮從而確定：這三個不同的層次是：生產(chǎn)加工的東西、生產(chǎn)過程、大批量生產(chǎn)加工過程。這種方法是根據(jù)制造企業(yè)的發(fā)展歷史確定的。采用這種方法的目的是低碳生產(chǎn)制造、改善環(huán)境和提高制造業(yè)效率。 </p>

55、<p>　　制造系統(tǒng)的過程是輸入資源（材料和能量）轉化成產(chǎn)品或半成品的過程。制造業(yè)支持經(jīng)濟增長的同時，它消耗了大量的有限資源，帶來了的環(huán)境的污染問題。據(jù)悉，70％-80％的全球環(huán)境污染是由制造業(yè)污染的。生產(chǎn)直接消耗資源，污染環(huán)境，帶來職業(yè)健康和安全問題[1,2]。因此，實施環(huán)境友好的制造（EBM）和低碳制造策略對于制造業(yè)是必不可少，隨著技術的應用和經(jīng)濟效率高，資源消耗減少，可以減少對環(huán)境的污染。</p><

56、p>　　從20世紀70年代以來,制造的概念被極大地擴展了。1998年美國國家研究委員會NRC證實,制造仍然是創(chuàng)造社會財富最基本的手段,是國家經(jīng)濟發(fā)動機運行的強大支柱,并把制造定義為:創(chuàng)造、開發(fā)、支持和提供產(chǎn)品與服務所要求的流程過程和組織實體。1999年麻省理工學院MIT認為制造包括:產(chǎn)品的規(guī)劃、設計與開發(fā)、銷售與服務和實現(xiàn)這些職能所運用的技術與流程,以及使技術與人結合的途徑。</p><p>　　作為一個產(chǎn)

57、業(yè),當代制造已經(jīng)擴展為包括:硬件、軟件或硬軟件的集成,生物技術和某些農(nóng)業(yè)綜合企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品。中國的工業(yè)工程必須積極參與和幫助制造應對以下六大挑戰(zhàn):</p><p>　?、倮眯畔⒓夹g提升企業(yè)組織對市場的快速響應能力。為此,制造必須充分利用電子商務和并行工程等技術手段與工具。</p><p>　?、诳焖俨蹲?、搜集競爭信息,并迅速把它們轉換成競爭情報和知識。工業(yè)工程必須充分運用競爭情報(com

58、petitive intelligence)、橫向?qū)Ρ?benchmarking)與關系學(relationship)等先進方法及其工具。</p><p>　　③快速配置和系統(tǒng)地集成人、技術和資源。發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡制造和基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與內(nèi)部網(wǎng)的溝通。</p><p>　?、芟蚩刂莆廴?提高企業(yè)對環(huán)境的適應性。執(zhí)行:不可再生資源利用最小化,能源利用最小化,對空氣和水的污染最小化,使工作與生

59、活環(huán)境綠色化四個判據(jù)準則。</p><p>　?、莅l(fā)展可重組企業(yè)(Reconfigurable Enterprise)。</p><p>　　所謂可重組企業(yè)是在良好的基礎結構(如法律、法規(guī)與行政,和有序而高效的金融與市場運作、資源配送及通信網(wǎng)絡等社會條件)支持下,根據(jù)任務或項目的合作要求可以快速“聚合”(即組成動態(tài)聯(lián)盟合作或虛擬公司),一旦任務完成,就可以快速“解散”的新一代可變

60、組織與管理的企業(yè)。</p><p>　　⑥創(chuàng)新和改進了的流(過)程。它是基于基本粒子物理、生物技術、納米技術和微小型化的材料零部件生成與制造和已經(jīng)創(chuàng)新改進了的工藝技術方法與流程的。</p><p>　　同時,工業(yè)工程應該積極參與應對上述挑戰(zhàn)的十大關鍵技術的研究與開發(fā),它們是:</p><p>　?、倏芍亟M制造系統(tǒng)RMSs(Reconfigurable Ma

61、nufacturing Systems)。制造的實踐證明,在企業(yè)的核心競爭要素中,制造系統(tǒng)經(jīng)常成為滿足顧客需求的新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)上市和快速響應市場的商務活動的瓶頸。RMSs是對傳統(tǒng)制造系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃、設計、建造與運行理論和方法的創(chuàng)新,它利用系統(tǒng)組元/模塊組態(tài)(布局)的可變性與可更新性實現(xiàn)制造系統(tǒng)的可變性。它將對產(chǎn)品、制造系統(tǒng)及裝置硬軟件的設計與制造產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。</p><p>　?、跓o損耗的處理(Waste2

62、free Processing)。未來的制造過程是能耗與資源消耗最小化的。</p><p>　?、坌碌奈锪线^程(New Materials Process)。它是建立在革新了的原材料與零部件制造方法與流程基礎上的。</p><p>　　④制造用生物技術(Biotechnology for Manufacturing)。它是利用生物技術實現(xiàn)自

63、動化裝配和加工的新一代制造技術。</p><p>　?、萜髽I(yè)建模與仿真(Enterprise Modeling and Simulation)。這一技術主要解決企業(yè)系統(tǒng)變換、商務流程和所有制造作業(yè)的建模、仿真和系統(tǒng)集成等有效綜合的問題。</p><p>　?、扌畔⒓夹g(Information Technology)。它是為正確、高效的各級決策提供全方

64、位關鍵信息和快速把信息轉換成情報與知識的技術。</p><p>　?、弋a(chǎn)品與過程的設計方法(Product and Process Design Methods)。它要求創(chuàng)新系統(tǒng)、產(chǎn)品與流程/過程的設計理論、方法和工具,是新一代的計算機輔助設計原理、方法和工具。</p><p>　?、嘣鰪娏说臋C器-人的接口(Enhanced Machine

65、 Human Interfaces)。它是解決機器與人接口問題的新一代人機工程技術,重點解決物理接口設計和增強員工學習能力的問題。</p><p>　　⑨員工的教育與培訓(Workforce Education and Training)。它要求建造一種能快速聯(lián)想知識的教育培訓和開發(fā)不同語言直接溝通的翻譯機,實現(xiàn)不同文化、語言員工的合作。</p>&

66、lt;p>　?、庵悄芎献飨到y(tǒng)(Software for Intelligent Collaboration Systems)其目的是把不同語言與文化背景的專家通過智能合作軟件融合為一體。它包括成組通信協(xié)議、制造專用網(wǎng)絡協(xié)議、分布式企業(yè)流程控制方法與標準和共享知識等軟件的開發(fā),是利用人的交互動力學模型和全部智能合作軟件與接口軟件形成的虛擬合作空間。</p><p>　　

67、工藝路線的改進，采用循證醫(yī)學的概念但不同于傳統(tǒng)的企業(yè)診斷方法。即 EBM的概念，考慮對環(huán)境的影響、資源利用效率和資源消耗。這項工作的目的是提供一個采用循證醫(yī)學的建立評價模型的問題。最終的目的是為了平衡經(jīng)濟效益和社會效益。</p><p>　　我國一直沿用前蘇聯(lián)的工業(yè)體系，人們對效率、標準化的意識比較薄弱。相當數(shù)量的企業(yè)存在：作業(yè)方法缺乏科學性、系統(tǒng)性、標準化，主要憑經(jīng)驗和個人意愿行事；作業(yè)方法的改進一般來源于工人

68、自發(fā)進行的個人行為；仍然采用粗略的經(jīng)驗估算方法制定時間定額，時間定額標準很不統(tǒng)一等。這些狀況導致企業(yè)基礎數(shù)據(jù)的實用性和準確性差，無法起到為企業(yè)上層提供可靠的決策支持作用。</p><p>　　A.工作研究技術處于手工狀態(tài)，限制了工作研究的普及：</p><p>　　隨著科學技術的進步，生產(chǎn)的不斷發(fā)展和計算機技術在工業(yè)工程領域內(nèi)的應用，必然要求提高方法研究和定額工作的效率和質(zhì)量，但由于工作研

69、究技術長期以來依賴于人的技能程度，作業(yè)方法設計一直由工作研究人員憑借其工作研究知識和生產(chǎn)實踐經(jīng)驗，設計各種作業(yè)流程并計算其相應工時定額。工作研究人員在設計作業(yè)方法和制定工時定額過程中，需要進行大量的信息處理、思維決策、數(shù)據(jù)計算和繁復的文字處理工作。隨著時代的發(fā)展，這種枯燥繁瑣的重復性工作方式逐漸暴露出人工設計的很多缺點：設計時間長，設計效率低；作業(yè)標準的一致性差；作業(yè)文件缺少定量分析，不能有效的指導生產(chǎn)過程。</p>&l

70、t;p>　　B.缺乏工作研究軟件系統(tǒng)：</p><p>　　目前，國內(nèi)外眾多軟件商在中國投入的軟件系統(tǒng)大多集中在CAD、CAPP、CAM、PDM、ERP等熱門軟件上，而工作研究軟件的投入與開發(fā)卻寥寥無幾。究其原因，固然有軟件商對這一領域的忽視，但其主要原因卻暴露了國內(nèi)企業(yè)對基礎數(shù)據(jù)的漠視態(tài)度，對工作研究軟件缺乏系統(tǒng)的認識。工作研究的計算機化跟不上，導致了企業(yè)基礎數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展的滯后，而高層生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)，如MRP、ER

71、P等不能夠得到準確及時的基礎數(shù)據(jù)支持，致使整個生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)效率低下。</p><p><b>　　結論：</b></p><p>　　隨著現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的發(fā)展壯大，企業(yè)的規(guī)模日益擴大，其基礎數(shù)據(jù)也越來越龐大，而且基礎數(shù)據(jù)更新速度明顯加快，傳統(tǒng)手工的工作研究已經(jīng)不能滿足現(xiàn)代企業(yè)的需要。企業(yè)對基礎數(shù)據(jù)準確性、及時性和標準化的要求與基礎數(shù)據(jù)傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)驗獲取手段之間的矛盾已經(jīng)日益突出。&l

72、t;/p><p>　　為了解決這些問題和矛盾，國內(nèi)一些企業(yè)開始探索計算機輔助工作研究系統(tǒng)，特別是計算機輔助勞動定額系統(tǒng)。這些系統(tǒng)為企業(yè)工作研究的實施帶來了一定的方便，但都不成熟，大多處于實驗階段，往往只能適應個別企業(yè)工作研究中的部分領域，無法進行推廣普及。因此，研制和開發(fā)一套完善通用的計算機輔助工作研究系統(tǒng)(Computer Aided Work Study System 簡稱CAWS系統(tǒng))是當前我國工作研

73、究領域創(chuàng)新的關鍵。CAWS系統(tǒng)能夠為企業(yè)采取科學的作業(yè)流程、方法和制定可靠的時間標準、勞動定額提供輔助決策；不但實現(xiàn)工作研究各個應用領域的計算機化，而且能夠與其他生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)高度集成，從而為企業(yè)實施方法研究和工時制定提供可靠的技術支持，提高企業(yè)基礎數(shù)據(jù)的準確性及其采集和管理的規(guī)范化，并提高工作研究的效率和質(zhì)量。</p><p>　　資源的消耗和浪費是對環(huán)境的污染的根源。因此，在在規(guī)劃過程中，對資源的環(huán)保性進行了應深入