markets for r-pvb(eng)

1、<p>　　Markets for r-PVB, applications</p><p>　　Introduction</p><p>　　The growing utilization of plastics in industrial and consumer applications, combined with increased consumer awareness

2、surrounding solid waste recycling, has led to an increased demand for recycled plastic resins and products. One of largest underutilised types of collected plastic materials for recycling is poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB).<

3、;/p><p>　　Globally, the problem has been solved for the common plastics such as polyolefins, poly(ethylene terephtalate) and poly(styrene). Though extensively used for the glass lamination, PVB does not belong

4、to this group. It is generally known that during the glass lamination process, large volume of PVB trim is formed. </p><p>　　Laminated glass, commonly used in the automotive and architectural fields, compris

5、es a protective PVB, bonded between two panels of glass. The bonding process takes place under heat and pressure. When laminated under these conditions, the PVB interlayer becomes optically clear and binds the two panes

6、of glass together. Once sealed together, the glass "sandwich" (i.e., laminate) behaves as a single unit and looks like normal glass. The polymer interlayer of PVB is tough and ductile, so brittle cr&l

7、t;/p><p>　　At present time, Solutia, DuPont, Seki sui and Kuraray are worldwide PVB manufacturers. </p><p>　　PVB, is an expensive, high performance thermoplastic polymer with relatively few applica

8、tions. It is the most common lamination interlayer due to its strong glass adhesion, high impact resistance, high flexibility, excellent optical clarity, UV and heat stability and moisture insensitivity.</p><

9、p>　　Worldwide, 65% of all PVB sheets are used in automotive applications. The worldwide car’s production is estimated around 60 million cars per a year. Assuming that one windshield contains approx. 1 kg of PVB sheet,

10、 total amount gives between 60-70 million kg of PVB sheets per year. In addition, by-products from PVB sheets manufacturing (5%) and trimmings (< 10%) from windshield production must be added. It represents total amou

11、nt of 80 million kg of automotive PVB sheet waste annually. Total worl</p><p>　　r-PVB stands for: recycled-PVB. Its market push is mainly driven by the EU’s Automotive End-of-Life Directive (ELV), which requ

12、ires the automotive industry to recycle their cars for 95%. This has created a recycle industry for glass from windshields, which did not exist before ELV. It is emphasized that, in contrast to the PVB laminates, glass r

13、ecovery is the driving force; PVB is considered a waste material and as such a cost. </p><p>　　Instead PVB from automotive sources is disposed off in landfill. This is a waste of an expensive, valuable and n

14、on-renewable commodity as well as energy and land. While the glass is recycled PVB is not. An alternative to disposal in landfill is to recycle by mechanical means but central to this is an appreciation of the variation

15、in molecular structure of PVB and its effect on material properties and end use.</p><p>　　The availability of r-PVB scrap is almost limitless since up till now no-one has been able to convert it into marketa

16、ble products. </p><p>　　In order to match initial raw material quality with end-product requirements, it is essential to remain in close contact with all players within the supply chain. We have to keep in m

17、ind that, even though each company in the supply chain is specialist in its own field, not everyone speaks the same (technical) language. A glass recycler might not know exactly what ‘clean’ r-PVB scrap means for a cutti

18、ng/shredding company. Next, a cutting/shredding company might not know exactly what ‘clean’ r-PVB</p><p>　　We successfully co-operate with the entire r-PVB value chain (see nerxt page for further specificati

19、on of the supply chain). As a result, for each part we have a thorough insight of the technologies used, the material properties and the economic value addition further up the chain. This enabled us to create smart produ

20、ct/market combinations and to select target applications where price/performance of the r-PVB matches the requirements of the industries.</p><p>　　Typical properties of r-PVB are:</p><p>　　adher

21、es strongly to almost any material by using eco-friendly glue</p><p>　　moisture insensitivity</p><p>　　high UV stability</p><p>　　high impact resistance</p><p>　　high f

22、lexibility</p><p>　　can be coloured to any colour</p><p>　　can be compounded with flame retardant additives for additional fire retardant properties</p><p>　　can be compounded with

23、mineral- and wood additives for additional stiffness/strength properties.</p><p>　　Roughly, the value chain is represented as follows:</p><p>　　Value added</p><p>　　LSG Waste Coll

24、ection </p><p>　　Sorting (separation r-PVB from glass) </p><p><b>　　Cleaning</b></p><p><b>　　Cutting </b></p><p>　　Shredding </p><p&g

25、t;　　Extruding/compounding </p><p>　　Pelletizing </p><p>　　Extrusion moulding </p><p>　　Further processing to end-products</p><p>　　Target applications</p><p&

26、gt;　　Carpet backing. Industry is in need for replacement of PVC, with US legislation as driving force; r-PVB seems good alternative. </p><p>　　Carpet is commonly made in widths of 4 m and 5 m in Eu

27、rope. Where necessary different widths can be seamed together with a seaming iron and seam tape (formerly it was sewn together) and it is fixed to a floor over a backing, using adhesives. thus distinguishing it from

28、 rugs or mats, which are loose-laid floor coverings. For environmental reasons, the use of wool, natural bindings, natural padding, and formaldehyde-free glues is becoming more common. These options are almost alway

29、s at a premium c</p><p>　　Carpet backing systems generally comprise a primary backing and a  chemical adhesive. Frequently, a secondary backing is included.  In the most common system, the yarn is

30、secured into the primary backing by synthetic latex, and a secondary backing (or cushion) is attached with a bonding agent or adhesive to provide further pile-yarn stability and to add dimensional stability to the carpet

31、 structure. Unfortunately it also emits Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), and can additionally act as a rese</p><p>　　Replacement of PVC-based backing by r-PVB does overcome these problems.</p><p

32、>　　Companies: Condor, Desso Interfase</p><p>　　Car Mat- and car mat backing. Car mats are an interior car parts accessory that generally are included with the purchase of a car and are supplied by the sel

33、ling car company. They have been available for many years as an accessory product, though dealership usually offer them with the purchase of a vehicle. Car mats, also known as automobile floor mats, are designed to

34、protect for the floor of a vehicle from dirt, wear and salt corrosion.</p><p>　　One major use of a car mat is to keep the car looking clean. Most mats can be

35、 easily removed for cleaning and then replaced. Some require fixation points to ensure they remain fixed in position.</p><p>　　Car mats generally come in two options: either rubber or alt

36、ernatively carpets. Carpet mats and rubber mats differ in a number of ways; each material provides advantages and disadvantages when compared to the other. For instance, Carpet mats are generally

37、 tufted and have a rubberised anti slip backing. On the other hand, rubber car mats are heavy duty and higher durability. While some car mats are the plain colour of rubber, many contain branded company logos, carto

38、on characters or even advertis</p><p>　　Many makeshift car mats are also becoming more popular, often taking the form of PVC alternatives , but rubber car mats are still seen as the safest option.&

39、#160; Again, r_PVB can successfully replace PVC, meeting the product requirements without the PVC's ecological- and health issues.</p><p>　　Companies: www.alibaba.com/countrysearch/CN/car-mat-procers.htm

40、l</p><p>　　Truck Bedliner. Protective coating that shield the inner-side of a truck from damage and also create a skid resistant surface allowing any cargo to stay in place, depending on circumstances. When

41、applied correctly, the value of a truck bed liner is that it resists denting and scratching and holds shape firmly yet is flexible enough to not crack when navigating through rough terrain. Unlike a metal bed, it absorbs

42、 vibration to protect cargo. Whereas painted metal will chip and rust under rough co</p><p>　　Also for this application, r_PVB can successfully replace PUR, meeting the product requirements without the ecolo

43、gical- and health issues.</p><p>　　Companies: Vandapac, http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/truck-bed-liner.html</p><p>　　Bituminous waterproofing systems are designed to protect residential a

44、nd commercial buildings. Bitumen (asphalt) is a mixed substance made up of organic liquids that are highly sticky and viscous, and are waterproof. Roofing felt (formerly tar paper) is the base material use

45、d to make shingles and roll roofing. </p><p>　　The purposes are to separate the roof covering from the roof deck, shed water and provide secondary weather protection. Also, the rapid application of roofing u

46、nderlay protects the roof deck during construction until the roofing material is applied and is required for roofs required to meet fire retardant ratings. Not installing an underlay may void the roof covering warranty.&

47、lt;/p><p>　　Modified bitumen is mixed with filler components such as limestone, sand or polymers such as atactic polypropylene (APP) that gives rigidity and tear resistance, or

48、0;styrene-butadiene styrene (SBS) a rubber additive that gives more elastic benefits.</p><p>　　r-PVB seems good alternative to bitumen. Is has the required material properties, is easy to construct and

49、can easily be glues together using eco-friendly adhesives.</p><p>　　Companies: ???</p><p>　　Caravan roof protection. The roof of many caravans is made from aluminum. during heavy hailstorms it c

50、an leave pits, thus damages the roof. Therefore, most caravan owners have an additional insurance policy at cost of roughly 100 Euro/yr. As an alternative, at present, many roofs are made from polyester which is hailsto

51、rm-proof. This saves insurance money but it is substantially more expensive than an aluminum roof. </p><p>　　r-PVB foil can easily be glued to an aluminum roof. The treated roof becomes hailstorm-proof and i

52、nsulates the sound of rain and hail. If caravan owners construct the r-PVB sheet on the roof themselves (in Europe), return on investment is about 4 years when compared with insurance policies. Average life-span of a car

53、avan is more than 15 years.</p><p>　　Cable shielding. In Europe, exteriour cables are shielded by PVC - with or without additives; second shield layer is made from earth sheath followed by highly mineral fil

54、led plastic sheet. They all protect the electric wire within.</p><p>　　r-PVB having high contents of mineral fillers could replace the inside (PVC, HDPE, PP) plastic sheet due to its (1) low cost and (2) low