入境旅游在中國的空間分布決定因素和影響【外文翻譯】

1、1本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目：SpatialdistributionofinboundtourisminChina:Determinantsimplications出處：TourismHospitalityResearch作者：JianhongZhang原文：ABSTRACTThisstudysetsupanintegrativeframewktoanalyzethedeterminantsofaregion’sinternation

2、alinboundtourism.Meanwhilethecompetitioncomplimentarilybetweenregionsarealsoexaminedinthesameframewk.Thisstudyconcludesthatdevelopmentlevelopennesstourismresourcestourismfacilitiestourismganizationareallpositivelyassocia

3、tedtoaregion’sinternationaltourismreceipts.Inadditionthespatialeffectsarehighlysignificantinthespatialeconometricmodelswhichmeansthatanincreaseinoneregion’sinternationalinboundtourismbenefitsitsneighbstheregionswithwhich

4、ithasspatialconnectionsintermsoftourists.BasedontheseendingsthestudydiscussesthecontributionoftourismtowardthereductionofregionalinequalityinChina.Keywds:internationalinboundtourismbalanceddevelopmentspatialinteractionef

5、fectcompetitivenessofdestinationINTRODUCTIONTourismisoneofthewld’slargestfastestgrowingindustries.Ithasbeenregardedasaneconomicpowerhousejobcreat.itcanbecomeanimptantenginefachievingbroadersocialgoals(CrouchRitchie1999).

6、Becauseoftheincreasingimptanceoftheinternationaltourismsubstantialstudieshavebeendonetoexplethedeterminantsoftheinternationaltourisminflowsatanationallevel(fexampleCrouch1994Lim1997SmeralWitt2002ZhangJensen2007).Howevert

7、here3illustratedbythedirectindustryimpactof2.3–2.9percentoftotalGDPduringthe1988–2006thetraveltourismindustryisexpectedtoaccountf1.8–2.3percentoftotalemploymentinthesameperiod.Byusinginput–outputmodelOosterhavenFan(2006)

8、foundthat1.64percentofGDP1.40percentofhouseholdincome1.01percentofemploymentwasdependentoninternationaltourismintheyear1997.AsthescopeofthetourismasanindustryisnotwelldefinedtheassessmentsofthecontributionoftourismtoGDPa

9、renotprecisevaryamongthestudies.InthiscasetheshareofinternationaltourismreceiptsinGDPmaybeusedasanadditionalmeasuretorevealthepositionoftheinternationaltourisminaneconomy(Tosunetal2003).DETERMINANTSHYPOTHESESThetouristde

10、mmodelhasprevailedfdecadesintheliteratureexplaininginternationaltouristflow.Inthe1970somestudiesoftourismdemdirectlyfollowedthegravitymodel.Thegravitymodelbasedonthegravitylawofspatialinteractionstatesthatinteractionbetw

11、eentwolocationsdeclineswithincreasingdistancetimecostbetweenthembutispositivelyassociatedwiththedegreeofconcentrationofpersonsateachlocation.Althoughthegravitymodelsufferedfromseveraldrawbacks(Wilson1967)itcanstillprovid

12、eapartialexplanationstartingpointfthesemecomplexmodels.Thetourismdemmodelfocusesprimarilyondemside.Fexampletheiginpopulationincomerelativepricetransptationcostexchangeratebetweeniginatingcountriesdestinationsinflationqua

13、litativeeffectsaffectthetouristflowstothedestination(WittWitt1995Lim1997TurnerWitt2001a).Oftenthisanalysisincludesonlyonefewdestinationsmeiginatingcountries(fexampleGrouchetal1992Divisekera1995TurnerWitt2001b).Thetourism

14、demmodelhasbeenwidelyusedtoexplainthesourcesoftouristsbutonlyfocusingonthedemsideisnotenoughtorevealthetourismflows.Increasinglypeoplerealisetheimptanceoftourismintheeconomicptfolioasanimptantenginefeconomicsocialdevelop

15、ment(CrouchRitchie199).Accdinglycompetitivenessofdestinationhasattractedconsiderableattentioninthetourismliterature(RitchieCrouch1993CrouchRitchie19941999KozakRimmington19981999Dwyeretal2000GoGovers2000Hassan2000DwyerKim