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1、AustraliasRuddBacksOffCarbonTradingPlanInthelastthreeyearsAustralianPrimeMinisterKevinRuddhasoftenusedhispodiumtotalktothenationaboutclimatechange.Hehascalledit“thegreatmaleconomicissuechallengeofourtime”comparingglobalw

2、armingskepticstogamblerswho“happilyplaywithourchildren’sfuture.”It’snotromthatAustralia’sleaderhasbeenvocalontheissue:DespitebeingoneofthemesparselypopulatednationsAustralia’s22millioninhabitantsemitthethirdlargestamount

3、ofcarbondioxidepercapitainthewld.InfactRudd’sfirmviewsonglobalwarminghelpedpushhimtovictyinthenational2007elections.SoonafterhisadministrationproposedtheambitiousEmissionsTradingScheme(ETS)thataimedtoshrinkAustralia’scar

4、bonemissionsby5%of2000levelsby2020.Undertheschemethecountry’sbiggestpolluterswouldhavetobuylicensestodisgecarbonfromcompanieswithlowcarbonemissions.ETShadevenbecomethecenterpieceofRudd’scampaignfreelectioninaNovember2009

5、speechheaccusedthecoalitiongovernmentof“absolutepoliticalcowardice”fwantingtowaituntilothercountriesactedonglobalwarmingtopushhisplanintolaw.“Noresponsiblegovernmentconfrontedwiththeevidencedeliveredbythe4000theirallocat

6、ednumbersofcarbonwouldbepenalizedbyhavingtobuylicensestopollutefromcompaniesthathadsuccessfullyreducedtheirgreenhousegasemissionsbelowthefixedlevel.Opponentssaidtheadditionalcosttohighpollutingbusinesseslikeutilitiesgasc

7、ompanieswouldhavetrickleddowntoconsumersthroughincreasedpricesinpetrolelectricity.Companiesinthoseheavypollutingsectswerealsowriedaboutpotentialjoblossessayingtheschemewouldaffectprofitswhichinturnwouldreduceproductivity

8、eventuallyfcingheavypollutingbusinessestoshrink.“Itwasbadlydesigned”saidWarwickMckibbinDirectoftheResearchSchoolofEconomicsattheAustralianNationalUniversityaProfessialFellowattheLowyInstitutefInternationalPolicy.“Instead

9、ofjustsettingtargetsyouneedapolicythatyoucanadaptovertime.Wecan’tsayanything[aboutthe]costsofreducingcarbonin2020becausewedon’tknowwhatthewldwillbelikein2020.Reducingcarbonby5%maybeovercommittingfallweknow.”someoftheRudd

10、administration’sattemptstowinsupptftheschemebackfired.Atonestagethegovernmentproposedtoofferthemostemissionsintensiveindustriessuchascoalsteel90%oftheirpermitsffreeofferingtheseindustriesthechancetopaylesspenaltiesftheir

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