高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)——定語從句課件(共84張ppt)

1、Grammar,定語從句,,How to understand the following definitions(定義)?,定語從句,先行詞,關(guān)系詞,The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.,,先行詞,,關(guān)系詞,,定語從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句。,,1. 連接作用,引導(dǎo)定語從句,2.在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,后面,The man who lives next to us sel

2、ls vegetables.,,定語從句位置：放置于名詞或代詞的_____ 。,3. 指代先行詞,,1.定語從句： 在復(fù)合句中修飾____或____的從句叫定語從句。一般放在被修飾的詞之____。 2.先行詞：被修飾的____或____叫先行詞。3.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)從句的詞。____主句和從句，在從句中_____某種句子成分，指代先行詞。,名詞,名詞,代詞,代詞,后,連接,充當(dāng),,,,,

3、,,Please point out the Attributive Clause in the following sentences.,哪些詞是定語從句的關(guān)系詞？,,,1. He is the boy whom/that I want to see.2. The girl who/that is standing there is Mary.3. There is nothing that worries him.4. T

4、his is the school where I work.5. I have a friend whose name is Liza.6. This is the English book which I lost yesterday. 7. That’s the reason why she was late.8. I won’t forget the day when we first met.,that,who,who

5、se,,where,引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞,,why,關(guān)系代詞,關(guān)系副詞,,when,whom,as,which,1. that 在從句中作_____、_____或_____， 指______。,1) A plane is a machine that can fly.,2) The noodles that I cooked were delicious.,3) He is no longer the star t

6、hat he was.,(主語),(賓語),(表語),Discovering rules…,主語,賓語,人或物,,,,表語,2. which 在從句中作_____或_____，指___。 They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. 2) The fish which we bought were not fresh.,Discove

7、ring rules…,主語,賓語,物,(主語),(賓語),,,,3. 在定語從句中，who作____，whom作____ , 兩者都指______。 The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. 2) The person whom you just talked to is Mr. Li.,主語,賓語,人,Dis

8、covering rules…,,,,(主語),(賓語),4. whose 在從句中作_____，指______。 Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. 2） The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.,Discovering rules…,定語,人或物,( the teach

9、er’s house),( the classroom’s door),,,,whose指物時(shí)，常用 “the + 名詞 + of which”結(jié)構(gòu)來代替,例如：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.,由 when, where,

10、why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。1. when(=介詞+which )指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語I still remember the day when I first came to the school.2. where( =介詞+which)指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語Shanghai is the city where I was born.3. why= for which指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語1) Ple

11、ase tell me the reason why you missed the plane.,who,whom,which,that,whose,人,人,物,人或物,人或物,主,賓,主, 賓,,主, 賓, 表,定,Summary,why,where,when,reason,表地點(diǎn)名詞,表時(shí)間名詞,原因狀語,地點(diǎn)狀語,時(shí)間狀語,Summary,如何選擇關(guān)系詞?,看先行詞是人還是物 看從句中缺少什么成分如果缺少主、賓、表、定語, 就

12、用關(guān)系代詞,如果缺少狀語, 就用關(guān)系副詞。,1. The man _________came to our school is Mr. Wang. 2. The girl _____________ I met is Lucy. 3. The child _______pa

13、rents are dead is called Tom. 4. I like the book ____________ you bought yesterday. 5. I hav

14、e a room ________window faces south.6. Our school is no longer the school _____ it used to be.,who / that,(whom / that),whose,(which / that),whose,that,Practice,7） I never forgot the days ___________ we spent toget

15、her.　8） I’ll never forgot the day ________ I joined the PLA.,which/that,when,★ 先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，定語從句缺主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞用which/that。,★ 先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，定語從句不缺主語或賓語，而是缺時(shí)間狀語，關(guān)系詞用when。,9） This is the house __________ I lived in ten years

16、ago.10） The shop _______Ｉbought the book isn’t far away.,which/that,★ 先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，定語從句缺主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞用which/that。,where,★ 先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，定語從句不缺主語或賓語，而是缺地點(diǎn)狀語，就用關(guān)系副詞where,11）The reason ______________ he gave was not enough.,wh

17、ich/ that,★ 先行詞是reason，定語從句缺主語或賓語，就用關(guān)系代詞which/ that 。,12)The reason ________ he died young was his inattention to (不注意）health.,why,★ 先行詞是reason，定語從句不缺主語或賓語，而是缺原因狀語，就用關(guān)系副詞why.,14. She will never forget the day ______ sh

18、e lost the ring.,13. I will never forget the day __________ we spent in Beijing.,when /on which,(which/that),16. His father works in a factory _________ makes radio parts.,15. His father works in a factory _______ ra

19、dio parts are made.,which/that,where / in which,17. This is the house __________ they visited last time.,18. This is the house ________ we lived before.,19. This is the house ________ we lived in before.,which/that,wher

20、e /in which,which,21. This is the reason ____________ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work.,20. Please tell me the reason ____________ you are sleepy in class again.,which / that,why/ for which,在

21、下面幾種情況下必須用“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句：1) 先行詞是不定代詞: all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。 All that we have to do is to practice every Day. 我們要做的就是每天練習(xí)。,,注意！,2) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞

22、或形容詞最高級所修飾。 The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我所學(xué)的第一課永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了。,Bear them in your mind!,3) 先行詞被 all, any, every, each, few, little, no, some 等修飾。 I have read all t

23、he books (that) you gave me. 你給我的書我全讀完了。4) 先行詞被 the only, the very, the last修飾時(shí)。,He is the only person that I want to talk to. 他是唯一的我想跟說話的人。5) 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 Th

24、ey talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他們談?wù)撝麄兡苡浧鸬哪切┰趯W(xué)校的人和事。,6）當(dāng)先行詞是who或以who, which開頭的特殊疑問，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)。如： a) Who that break the window should be punished． 誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰．　 b) Who

25、is the man that is standing there? c) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?7) 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。 She is not the young and lovely nurse that she was two years ago. This is no longer the dirty place that it used to

26、 be.,宜用 who 引導(dǎo)的情況,1. 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的those, anyone, he, one, ones 時(shí)。 Those ______ break the law will be punished.2. Anyone ______ wants to join the army signs your name here, please.3. He ______ doesn’t reach the

27、Great Wall is not a true man.,who,who,who,2. there be 開頭的句子，先行詞是人。 There is a student who wants to see you.,只用which不用that的情況　　 1) 在非限定性定語從句中，先行詞是物時(shí)。 The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very fam

28、ous here.　　 2) 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞，先行詞是物時(shí)?！　　　?We depend on the land from which we get our food. 3) 先行詞為that, those指物時(shí)或先行詞被that, those修飾時(shí)。如： Those which are on the desk are English books.,4) 一個句子中有兩個定語從句，（先行詞是物）其中一個用了關(guān)

29、系代詞that,另外一個則用which. 如： At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.,I don’t like the way _____________ you talk to

30、me.,當(dāng)先行詞是way，表示“以……方式”，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語時(shí)，可以用that或in which來引導(dǎo)或省略關(guān)系詞。但way后接一個定語從句，way在從句中作主語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用that/ which.,特殊情況：,(that / in which),We first broke the law in a way _________ was peaceful.,which/that,Some poems tell a story or

31、 describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression.有些詩講述一個故事, 或者描述某件事情, 這樣給讀者留下強(qiáng)烈的印象。We should help the poor student in a way that won’t hurt his self-respect. 我們應(yīng)該以一種不傷害到這個貧困生的自尊的方式來幫助他。,This

32、 is the room in which we lived last year.,The person to whom I spoke just now ismy brother.,“介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞which, whom 作介詞賓語時(shí)，介詞可以放在關(guān)系代詞which, whom的前面。,1.The person whom I spoke to just now is my brother.,,2.T

33、his is the room which we lived in last year.,注意：固定搭配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前。常見的這類動詞短語有:look for 尋找 look after / take care of 照顧 care for 照顧; 喜歡 look forward to 盼望 hear of / about 聽說 hear from 收到某人的來信dep

34、end on 依賴; 取決于 e.g. This is the right place (which/that) I’m looking for.e.g. The girl whom he is looking after is his sister.,關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換。1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitat

35、ion is not clear,2) From the year when/ in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.3) Great changes have taken place in the city where/ in which I was born.,思考：介詞+which/whom中的介詞是從哪來

36、的，根據(jù)什么判斷要用這個介詞的？介詞來源于變成定語從句前的簡單句，根據(jù)定語從句的謂語動詞與介詞搭配、先行詞與介詞搭配以及根據(jù)從句的句意來選用合適的介詞。,如何選擇介詞？1)根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定Do you like the book ______ which she spent $10? Do you like the book ______ which she paid $10?Do you like th

37、e book ______ which she learned a lot? Do you like the book ______ which she often talks? 2)根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定I’ll never forget the day _________ which he made the speech.The moment _________ which I made the decision is

38、 exciting.3)根據(jù)定語從句所表達(dá)的意義來確定Air, _______ which man can’t live, is really important.,on,for,from,about,on,at,without,1. This is the room _______________ we lived last year.2. Who’s the comrade __________ you just shook

39、hands?3. The person ___________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.4. The pencil ___________ he was writing broke.5. Wu Dong, _____________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.,in which,with

40、 whom,to/ with whom,with which,with whom,6. The two things _______________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of th

41、e idioms of English.7. Her bag, _____________ she put all her books, has not been found.,of which,into which,as也可作關(guān)系代詞，既可以單獨(dú)引出定語從句，又可以和主句中的the same或 such, as, so相呼應(yīng)構(gòu)成 the same as…/ such… as/ as… as/ so…as。 1) We do the

42、 same work as they do.2) He is not the same man as he was .3) I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.4) We will give you such information as will help you in your work.,as 也可引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句,修飾整個句子，可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，

43、常作“正如”解，在從句中常常作主語、賓語。如：1）We jumped for joy at the news, as was natural. 2）China is a developing country, as is known to all.3) Energy can never be created nor destroyed, as has been said before. 這是常有的事,as 作主語,as 作主語

44、,as 作主語,4) As is often the case , we have worked out the production plan.5）As we know, smoking is harmful to our health.　　6）As is known, smoking is harmful to one's health.,as 作主語,as 作賓語,as 作主語,當(dāng)先行詞是整個主句或主句的一部分時(shí), 這

45、類非限制性定語從句只能由which或 as來引導(dǎo)。兩者的區(qū)別在于：1. which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能位于主句后, 而as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可位于主句前、中、后。,As is known to us all, the earth moves round the sun. 眾所周知, 地球是圍繞太陽運(yùn)動的.Li Ming was late, which made Mr. Zhang very angry. 李明遲到了, 這使張先生非常

46、生氣。,2. 在定語從句中作主語時(shí), 若用as, 其謂語部分一般有be; 若謂語是不含be的行為動詞時(shí), 要用which。Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明遲到了, 這是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的。(可用which)Li Ming was late, which(=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry. 李明遲到了, 這使張先生非常生氣。(不可用as),He ma

47、rried her, which was unexpected. 他和她結(jié)婚了, 這是出乎意料的。(不可用as),3. 表示意料之外、沒有想到的、出乎意料的，只用which,which常譯作“這”; 而as常譯作“正如”, 且多與see, expect, imagine, know, hope等動詞連用。,as常用于固定搭配中:as is often the case (這是常有的事), as we expected(不出所料); as

48、 often happens (正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣)；as is known to all(眾所周知); as has been said before (如上所述); as is mentioned above (正如上面所提到的)等等。,靈活運(yùn)用 一、專項(xiàng)填空 用which或as填空。1. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, _

49、____turned out to be a wise decision.,1. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句, 先行詞是前面整個主句。,which,2. I looked into their eyes, I found they didn’t care, ______told me it would be useless, but when I looked into yours, I saw kindness.解析：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句

50、, which指前面整個句子。3. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office. 解析：譯成“這”, 相當(dāng)于and this, 用which。,which,which,4. ___ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.解析：固定搭配: as is ofte

51、n the case這是常有的事。5. ___ is mentioned above, paper is first made in China. 解析：表示“正如”, 用as。,As,As,6. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____, of course, made the others envy him.,可譯作“這”,whic

52、h,,7. ___ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.8. The result of the experiment was very good, ______we hadn’t expect.,意料之外的事, 用which,As,which,表示“正如”,9. The weather turned

53、out to be very good, ______was more than we could expect.沒有想到的, 意料之外的, 只能用which。10. ___is known to all, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 習(xí)慣搭配: as is known to all眾所周知。,which,As,1. I’ve read all the b

54、ooks ____ you gave me. A. which　　　 B. them　　　 C. what　　　 D. that,2. There isn’t much ___ I can do. 　 A. what　　　 B. which　　　 C. that　　　 D. how,C,D,I. Choose the right answer.,課

55、堂練習(xí),3. He keeps a record of everything ____ he had seen there. 　A. he　　　 B. that　　　 C. which　　　 D. what,4. Tell us about the people and the places ____ are different from ours. 　A. that

56、　　　 B. who　　　 C. which　　　 D. whom,A,B,5. Mr John said that Suzhou was the first city ____ he had visited in China. 　A. that　　　 B. where　　　 C. which　　　 D. what,A,6. The

57、TV play I watched last night is the best one _____ I have watched this year. A. which　　　　　 B. what　　　 C. whose　　　 D. that,D,7. Last Sunday they reached Qingdao ____ a conference was to be held.

58、 A. which　　　 B. that　　　 C. when　　　 D. where,D,8. Is this the museum ____ you visited the other day? A. that　　　 B. where　　　 C. in which　 D. the one,9. I began to work in Beijing in the

59、 year ____ New China was founded. 　A. when　　　 B. that　　　 C. which　　　 D. where,A,A,10. This is the very film ______ I’ve long wished to see. 　 A. which　　　 B. that　　　 C. who　　　 D. whom,1

60、1. There is no difficulty _______ can’t be overcome in the world. 　 A. that　　　 B. which　　　 C. who　　　 D. what,A,B,12. Who is the person ____ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A. who　　　 B

61、. that　　　 C. which　　　 D. whom,B,13. This was the supermarket ___ I bought this kind of tin. 　 A. where　　　B. that　　　 C. who　　　 D. which,14. The house _____ the capitalist used to live

62、in is now a nursery. 　 A. that　　　 B. where　　　 C. what　　 D. when,A,A,15. This is the last time ____ I shall come here to help you. 　 A. that　　　 B. which　　　 C. when　　　 D. what,

63、16. The house _____ we live is not big. 　 A. in that　　　 B. which　　　 C. in which　　 D. that,A,C,17. My neighbors used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _____ was very kind of the

64、m. 　 A. who　　　 B. that　　　 C. which　　　 D. whom,C,18. All ____ glitters is not gold. 　 A. that　　　 B. which　　　 C. 不填　　　 D. what,19. I now know why Mao impresses everyone who meets h

65、im the way ____ he does. A. which　　　 B. what　　　 C. 不填　　　 D. now,C,A,20. Beijing, ____ is the capital of China, is a beautiful city. A. that　　　 B. it　 　　 C. which　　　

66、D. 不填,21. She was no longer the woman ___ 　　　　　 she was. 　 A. that　　　 B. which　　　 C. what　　　 D. who,A,C,22. That’s the hotel ____ last year. 　 A. which we stayed　　　　　　 B. at that we

67、stayed　 C. where we stayed at　　　 　 D. where we stayed,D,23. The doctor did all ___ to save the wounded boy. A. what he could　 B. he could C. everything which he could D. f

68、or which he could do,B,24. Anyone ______ this opinion may speak out. A. that against　 B. that against C. who is against　　　 D. who are against,C,25. The place ______ you are standing used to be