【優(yōu)化方案】2014屆高考英語（大綱版）一輪復習配套課件語法專項突破八 定語從句（共28張ppt）

1、八、定語從句,本講目錄,,1．(2012·高考江蘇卷)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，________ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.A．which B．whoC．where D．what

2、,考點一 關(guān)系代詞引導的定語從句,解析：選B?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。解答本題的關(guān)鍵是找準先行詞?？拷ㄕZ從句的是in that area，考生易錯選C，但定語從句缺少的是主語，關(guān)系副詞不能作主語，可排除。what不能引導定語從句。根據(jù)定語從句的urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive可知，需要干凈的水、藥品和避難所的是人(people)，而不是that a

3、rea或flooding，所以先行詞為人，A項也可排除，故選B。,2．(2011·高考四川卷)The school shop，________ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.A．which B．whoseC．when D．where解析：選B。句意：這家校內(nèi)商店放假時關(guān)門，它的顧客主要是學生?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。本句沒有并列連詞也沒有從

4、屬連詞，故可判斷逗號后面是非限制性定語從句；本句先行詞是the school shop，還原到從句后為：The school shop’s customers are mainly students.因此選B，用whose引導定語從句，關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中作定語。,3．(2012·高考浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature，________，for some rea

5、son，had withdrawn from all human society.A．which B．whoC．where D．whom解析：選B?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。句意：埃倫是一個畫鳥類和自然的畫家，出于某種原因，他已退出了所有的社會活動。for some reason為插入語，可將其去掉，這時可以注意到該復合句中從句缺少主語。根據(jù)從句的語意可確定該從句的主語應是指人的，由此可確定答案。該從句為非限制性定語從句，其先

6、行詞為a painter。值得注意的是，有的考生誤將birds和nature作為從句的先行詞，從而錯選which。,4．(2012·高考山東卷)Maria has written two novels，both of ________ have been made into television series.A．them B．thatC．which D．what解析：選C?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：瑪麗婭已寫了兩部小

7、說,它們都已被拍成了電視劇。分析題干結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出：Maria has written two novels是一個完整的含“主謂賓”的句子。如果后半句也是個完整的句子的話，那么題干中的兩個分句中間缺少連接詞and，故A項不正確。由此不難看出空格處應用關(guān)系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句，which代替先行詞two novels。that作關(guān)系代詞不能放于介詞之后；what不能引導定語從句。分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)是解答本題的關(guān)鍵。,1．whose是

8、一個表示所屬關(guān)系的詞，在定語從句中作定語，of which可以代替whose指物， 詞序一般是名詞＋of which或of which＋名詞。of whom可以代替whose指人，詞序是名詞＋of whom。Many children,whose parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.父母親在大城市里打工的許多孩子在村

9、莊里被照顧的非常好。The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.那座在暴風雨中屋頂受損的古廟現(xiàn)在正在維修中。,2．which，that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。先行詞既有人又有物時，關(guān)系代詞用that；which代指前面整個句子內(nèi)容。They talked for about an hour of

10、things and people that they remembered in the school.關(guān)于他們記得的上學時的人和事,他們討論了大約一小時。The Internet is a huge computer system which/that allows millions of people around the world to share information.因特網(wǎng)是一個龐大的計算機系統(tǒng)，它使得世界上成千上

11、萬的人們共享信息成為可能。,3．who，whom，that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。(2010·高考浙江卷)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.近千人在這個社區(qū)居住，他們當中很多都是從農(nóng)村老家來城

12、市尋求更好的日子的。,1．(2011·高考重慶卷)Sales director is a position________communication ability is just as important as sales skills.A．which B．thatC．when D．where,考點二 關(guān)系副詞引導的定語從句,解析：選D?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：導購員是一個溝通能力和銷售能力同樣重要的職位。分析題

13、干可知a position后是一個定語從句，而該從句的引導詞在從句中作地點狀語，即in which＝in the position＝where，故選D。在定語從句中，當position，point，case，stage，situation等表示抽象地點的名詞充當先行詞時，若定語從句中缺少狀語，則用where來引導定語從句。,2．(2011·高考陜西卷)I walked up to the top of the hill wit

14、h my friends，________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A．which B．whereC．who D．that解析：選B。句意：我和朋友們一起登上山頂，從山頂上我們欣賞了湖光美景。本題考查定語從句。本句中沒有并列連詞也沒有從屬連詞，故判斷逗號后為非限制性定語從句。先行詞為the top of the hill，還原到從句后為：on the top of th

15、e hill we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake，由此可見先行詞在從句中作地點狀語，故選擇B項where。,3．(2012·高考浙江卷)We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.A．why B．whenC．to whom D．on w

16、hich解析：選B?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：在我們生活的這個時代,有更多的信息可以比以往任何時候都更加容易獲得。該句為主從復合句，an age為先行詞，空格處引導定語從句并在從句中作時間狀語，故用when。,1．關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，when指時間，where指地點，why指原因，在定語從句中分別作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語。Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend

17、a day with my kids.我有時間和孩子們一起度過一天的機會很少。After graduation I’d like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school.畢業(yè)后我要找到一份能利用在學校所學知識的一份工作。,2．先行詞是時間名詞或地點名詞時，如果在從句中不作狀語，則不能用when或where引導定語從句，而要用which/that。Is

18、this the reason (that/which) he gave us for the delay of the project？這是他給出工程推遲的原因嗎？,1．(2011·高考湖南卷)Julie was good at German，F(xiàn)rench and Russian，all of________ she spoke fluently.A．who　　　B．whomC．which D．that解析：選

19、C。句意：Julie擅長德語、法語和俄語，所有的(三門語言)她都說得很流利。先行詞為German，F(xiàn)rench，Russian，代入定語從句后為：She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可見，先行詞在定語從句中作of的賓語，先行詞指“物”，且介詞提前，故用which。,考點三　“介詞＋which/whom”中介詞的確定,2．The engineer spoke highly of

20、 the government’s efforts，________he owed his safe return from Libya.A．through which B．to whichC．with whom D．for whom解析：選B?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞為the government’s efforts，故應用關(guān)系代詞which。owe sth.to...“把某事歸功于……”，故選B項。,3．(2012

21、3;江蘇省蘇中三市聯(lián)合調(diào)研)Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages，________the most important is perhaps its convenience.A．of which B．whoseC．that D．in which解析：選A?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：在因特網(wǎng)上購物有很多優(yōu)點，其中最重要的也許是它的便利。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和語意可知，此處定語從句

22、修飾advantages，表示其中的某一部分,故選擇of which,也可以寫成the most important of which。,1．與定語從句中的動詞構(gòu)成搭配。In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。2．與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構(gòu)成搭配。Patience，wit

23、hout which you can’t do the work well，is a kind of quality.耐心是一種品質(zhì)。沒有了耐心，你不能做好工作。,3．of＋which/whom表示所屬關(guān)系。(表所屬關(guān)系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(＝whose price) was very reasonable.最近我買了個古代的花瓶

24、，它的價錢很合理。,1．(2013·濰坊模擬訓練)Our school has developed a learning system __________ students can do a lot of teamwork.A．that　　　B．whenC．which D．where解析：選D?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。 先行詞a learning system在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導。,考點四

25、　先行詞為point，case，stagesituation等詞時所構(gòu)成的定語從句,2．(2013·河南省五市高三模擬)The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations________ help is needed.A．that B．whichC．when D．where解析：選D。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本題考查定語從句

26、的引導詞，引導詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，故用where，相當于in which。,3．(2013·云南檢測)—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?—Yes，there’s one point________we must insist on.A．why B．whereC．how D．/解析：選D。the point作介詞on的賓語，因此應選用關(guān)系代詞或者省略。

27、,point，situation，case，activity等，從表面上看它們不是表地點的，但卻表示類似地點的意義，因此它們作先行詞時，如果引導詞在從句中作狀語，那么這個引導詞要用where；如果不作狀語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.(where作狀語)把孩子放

28、在一個能使他們從另外一個角度認識自己的環(huán)境中對他們有益。,I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.我已經(jīng)到了應該自己作決定的那個人生階段。Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that作賓語)現(xiàn)在只有