【優(yōu)化方案】2014英語（新課標版）一輪復習語法專項突破——名詞性從句

1、名詞性從句,,本節(jié)目錄,,語法精講考點整合,,語法專練知能闖關,考點一　主語從句1．引導詞(1)that不充當句子成分，本身無意義，僅起連接作用，但不能省略。(2)whether不充當句子成分，但有“是否”的意義，不能省略，不能用if代替。還常和or連用，構成“whether...or...……或者……”。(3)who，whom，what，which，whose本身有意義(和其作疑問詞同義)，在句中作主語、賓語或定語，不能省略。

2、(4)where，when，how，why本身有意義(和其作疑問詞同義)，在句中作狀語，不能省略。,(5)wh­ever引導的從句和不帶­ever的引導詞在句中所做成分一樣，但其意義上多了“無論……；任何……”的含義。(2011·高考北京卷)What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.Barbara Jones給她粉絲的

3、就是誠信和快樂。Whether there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth hasn’t been proved up to now.外太空是否存在像地球上一樣的生物迄今尚未確定。,2．由it作形式主語的句型(1)It＋be＋形容詞(obvious，natural，good，funny，etc.)＋that從句。(2)It＋be＋名詞性詞組(no

4、 wonder，an honour，a pity，no surprise，etc.)＋that從句。(3)It＋be＋過去分詞(said，reported，thought，expected，etc.)＋that從句。(4)It doesn’t matter/makes no difference，etc.＋連接代詞或連接副詞引導的主語從句。It matters much whether the headmaster support

5、s our activity.校長是否支持我們的活動很重要。,(2011·高考江蘇卷)It was never clear why the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.為什么這個人沒有盡快報告這起事故還不清楚。It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his min

6、d.我真想不到你竟然說服了他，使他改變了主意。,【典例】　(2012·高考天津卷)It doesn’t matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.A．whether　　　　　　　B．howC．if D．when【解析】　

7、選A。本題考查名詞性從句的引導詞。句意為“在這個十字路口你向左或右轉彎都沒有關系，因為兩條路都通向公園”。題干中it作形式主語，所以所選的連詞在句中引導主語從句。whether引導名詞性從句表示“是否”之意,而且題干中出現(xiàn)了關鍵信息詞or。whether...or...表示“是……還是……”。if引導名詞性從句也表示“是否”，但引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句等只能用whether而不能用if。,【易錯剖析】　本題容易誤選C。if只有

8、在賓語從句中有“是否”含義，與whether換用，主語從句只能用whether。,觸類旁通1．(2012·山東省實驗中學第二次診斷性)—It’s my treat today.Is there any particular meal you would like to have?—________ you choose is all right with me.A．Whatever

9、 B．WhatC．Anything what D．No matter what解析：選A。Whatever引導的從句作主語，相當于Anything that you choose，no matter what不能引導名詞性從句，只能引導讓步狀語從句。句意：無論你選什么對我都適合。,2．(2012·東阿縣一中高三九月測試)________ that there is anot

10、her good harvest this year.A．It says B．It is saidC．It was said D．He was said解析：選B?？疾楣潭ň湫?。It is said that...據(jù)說……。It是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的主語從句that there is another good h

11、arvest this year.。句意：據(jù)說今年我們又有一個好收成。,3．(2013·濟南外國語學校第一學期高三質量檢測)It even leaves the scientists in wonder ________they should call the newly­born creature，which looks half­human and half­animal.A．that

12、 B．whyC．what D．how解析：選C。句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是“________ they should call the newly­born creature，which looks half­human and half­animal.”從句中缺少賓語，所以用what

13、。全句意為“他們應該把這種新出生的生物稱作生命,他們看上去半人半獸，這件事讓科學家們很困惑”。,考點二　賓語從句其引導詞的用法基本和主語從句相同,但需注意以下幾點：(1)that從句一般不能充當介詞賓語,但在except(除了……)，in(在于……)后可以。He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.他是個好學生，就是有點粗心。 He differ

14、ed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading.他和他的同學不同的地方在于他把課余時間用在了讀書上。,(2)whether引導的賓語從句可以由if代替，但介詞后只能用whether。They are talking about whether they should carry out the plan.他們正在討論是否該實施這項計劃。(3)在某

15、些動詞,如find，feel，think，consider,make, believe等后有賓語從句時,常用it作形式賓語,而將賓語從句后置.We think it highly probable that he is dead.我們認為他已經(jīng)死了，這是非常可能的。We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.他應當改進他的發(fā)音，我們認為這是必

16、要的。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他不會屈服的，這一點他已明確表示了。,【典例】　(2012·高考陜西卷)As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.A．whatever B．which

17、everC．whenever D．wherever【解析】　選B。本題考查賓語從句連接詞。分析句子結構可知，所填內容引導賓語從句，且在從句中作主語，而C，D兩項作狀語，可排除；另外，由信息詞five courses與choose可知是在給定的范圍中做出選擇，故排除whatever“無論什么”，選擇whichever“無論哪個”。句意：提供了多達五門課程，你可以自由選擇最適合你的那一門?！?/p>

18、易錯剖析】　本題容易誤選A。只考慮到了賓語從句中缺少主語，沒有考慮到句子的具體意義，應該用“(其中)任何一個”。,觸類旁通1．(2012·臨沂市高三上學期期中考試)They were so surprised at ________ they saw that they all ran away.A．what B．thatC．which

19、 D．who解析：選A?？疾榻樵~后的賓語從句，從句中缺賓語。句意：他們對所看到的如此吃驚以至于都跑了。,2．(2013·紹興一中高三階段性測試)________ surprised me most was that she didn’t even know ________the difference between the two lies.A．What；where

20、 B．What；whatC．That；where D．That；what解析：選A。what surprised me most是主語從句，因其中缺主語，所以用what，第二個是where引導的賓語從句，因為從句中的謂語動詞lies是不及物動詞，不可接賓語，不能用what。,3．(2012·紹興一中分校第一學期高三期中)After seven hours’ drive，they re

21、ached ________they thought was the place they had been dreamt of.A．that B．whatC．where D．which解析：選B。what引導的從句作reach的賓語，從句中they thought是插入語，去掉之后可以看出從句中缺少主語。,考點三　表語從句

22、表語從句引導詞的用法基本和賓語從句相同，但要注意以下幾點：①that引導表語從句時，不能省略。②whether引導表語從句時，不能用if代替。③主句的主語是the reason時,其表語從句的引導詞為that，不能用because。China is no longer what she used to be.中國再也不是從前的中國了。My decision is that all of us are to start at

23、 6∶00 tomorrow morning.我的決定是我們所有人明天早上6點出發(fā)。The problem is whether we can get enough money.問題是我們能否弄到足夠的錢。,【典例】 (2011·高考山東卷)I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer，which is_______ he never finishes anything.A．

24、that B．whenC．where D．why【解析】　選D。句意：我覺得與其說他是個實干家不如說他是個空談家，這就是為什么他從來不會完成任何事情的原因。分析句子結構可知,which引導非限制性定語從句,which指代前面的整個句子he’s more of a talker than a doer；在定語從句中，i

25、s后面為表語從句，由句意可知which指代的內容是表語從句內容的原因，故用why引導表語從句。【易錯剖析】　本題容易誤選A。沒有理解準確整句話的意義：前面的主句是后面的原因。,觸類旁通1．(2013·煙臺牟平高三第一學期檢測)—On Sundays I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.—That’s ________

26、 I don’t agree.You should have a more active life.A．what B．whenC．how D．where解析：選D。where引導的從句作表語，此句句意：那就是我不同意的地方。須注意：agree是不及物動詞，后面不能接賓語，所以不能用what。,2．(2012

27、·杭州蕭山區(qū)五校高三期中考試)The brave national spirits showed in the film The Flowers of War are ________deeply moved the audience.A which B．thatC．who D what解析：選D。what引導的從句

28、作表語，因從句中缺主語，所以用what。,考點四　同位語從句1．同位語從句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt等名詞的后面，是對前面的名詞作進一步的解釋，說明前面名詞的具體含義。There seems to be no possibility that Li Hua can win the first prize in the 10

29、0­meter race.看起來似乎李華在一百米比賽中沒有可能獲得一等獎。There is a popular belief among the Europeans that chicken soup can help cure flu.歐洲人普遍相信雞湯可以幫助治愈流感。,The question has been raised at the meeting whether each member country sh

30、ould equally share the expense of the committee.每一個成員國是否均等分擔委員會的費用在會議上被提出來。I have no idea when he will come back.我不知道他將何時回來。,2．同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：同位語從句是對前面名詞的內容作進一步的解釋、說明，引導詞只起引導作用，不在句中作任何成分，一般不可省略。定語從句是對前面名詞進行修飾、限制，引導詞在句中

31、作一定的句子成分。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他們贏得比賽的消息很快就傳遍了整個學校。(此句為同位語從句，進一步解釋“the news”的內容)The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.你昨天告訴我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定語從句，它指的是“你昨

32、天告訴我的那個消息”),【典例】　(2012·高考江蘇卷)The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.A．when B．thatC．whether D．how【解析】　選B。本題考查名詞性從

33、句。句意：會議將被推遲的通知下午2點鐘左右發(fā)布。分析句式結構可知，所填詞語引導的從句________the meeting would be postponed說明的是主語the notice的內容，即同位語從句。由于從句與先行詞the notice被主句謂語部分came around two in the afternoon分隔，從而加大了識別的難度。從句內容完整，不需要添加when或how作狀語，也不含有不確定因素，不能使用whet

34、her，故選B項。,【易錯剖析】　本題容易誤選A。把從句看成了定語從句修飾the afternoon，通過句意不難看出從句是用來說明the notice的具體內容的，它們之間是同位語關系。,觸類旁通1．(2012·山東濰坊一模)The strange thing about Nicholas is ________ he taught himself to read before he could speak.A．what

35、 B．thatC．whether D．if解析：選B。分析句子結構可知，空格后面的分句是一個表語從句，由于從句不缺少主語或者賓語,因此不能填what，結合句意選that。,2．(2012·北京海淀二模)One of the glorious moments in my school life was __

36、______ I was awarded the Mayor’s Award.A．why B．howC．that D．when解析：選D。考查表語從句。句意：在我的學生時代，令我感到榮耀的時刻之一就是我被授予“市長獎”的時刻。句子的主語是one of the glorious moments，所以表語應是“當……的時候”