[雙語翻譯]--外文翻譯--殘疾老人及其主要護(hù)理者的一致性（節(jié)選）

1、2150 英文 英文單詞， 單詞，12500 英文字符， 英文字符，4150 漢字 漢字出處： 出處：Horowitz A, Goodman C R, Reinhardt J P. Congruence between disabled elders and their primary caregivers.[J]. 2004, 44(4):532-542.Congruence Between Disabled Elders and T

2、heir Primary CaregiversAmy Horowitz, Caryn R. Goodman, and Joann P. ReinhardtPurpose: This study examines the extent and independent correlates of congruence between disabled elders and their caregivers on several aspect

3、s of the caregiving experience. Design and Methods: Participants were 117 visually impaired elders and their caregivers. Correlational analyses, kappa statistics, and paired t tests were used to examine the extent of con

4、gruence. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses identified significant correlates of congruence on four target issues: elder’s functional disability, elder’s adaptation to vision impairment, caregiver’s over-protectiv

5、eness, and caregiver’s understanding of the vision problem. Results: Caregivers assessed elders as more disabled and rated themselves as more overprotective than did the elders. Although independent correlates varied by

6、target issue, two domains most consistently influenced congruence across measures: the caregiver’s assessment of the elder’s status and quality of the relationship. Implications: Findings underscore the importance of add

7、ressing congruence by target issue, rather than as a global characteristic of the caregiving relationship.Key Words: Family caregiving, Vision impairment, Caregiving relationships, Disability, ProxyCongruence may be de

8、fined as the level of agreement between two or more individuals in their perceptions, assessments, or beliefs. Many investigators have suggested that congruence (also referred to as consensus, shared relational reality,

9、or shared meaning), within marital and other close relation- ships, is critically important in maintaining relational quality (Acitelli, 1996; Deal, Wampler, Duck, 1994). For older, disabled adults, one of their most im

10、portant relationships, if not the most important, is that with the family member or friend who serves as their primary caregiver. However, because of the many emotional and physical demands associated with caregiving, fo

11、r both the caregiver and the care recipient, it is also a relationship that is often fraught with stress and susceptible to conflict. A lack of congruence on fundamental components of the caregiving experience may be a m

12、ajor contributor to this stress. Thus, knowledge about the extent of discrepant perspectives can provide important in- formation to better understand variability in the caregiving experience for both the caregiver and ca

13、re receiver. Given the assumption that no absolute truth exists, it then becomes important to understand such differences by identifying factors that increase or decrease the potential for congruence (Burke et al., 1998)

14、. Furthermore, knowledge about the source of incongruence is important in order to understand its psychological and social meaning in the relationship (Acitelli, 1996).Although congruence is a concept relevant to a varie

15、ty of issues in caregiving, there has been surprisingly little research that examines questions about the extent and correlates of congruence between older people and their primary caregivers. Furthermore, in addition to

16、 helping one to better understand the caregiving relationship, congruence, or the lack thereof, can also have important implications for the quality of the caregiving relationship, and ultimate well-being of both dyad me

17、mbers. For example, it has been found that congruence Truax, 1994).Fewer studies on congruence have focused on other aspects of the caregiving experience. Symptom distress was examined by Maguire, Walsh, Jeacock, and Kin

18、gston (1999) among terminally ill elders and their families, and by Kristjanson and colleagues (1998) among physically ill elders. Both studies found that the degree of congruence varied by symptom. Similar to patterns i

19、n ADL congruence, Kristjanson and colleagues found that families tended to report greater symptom distress than did the elder. Higher ratings were associated with increased caregiver age, living separately, and caring fo

20、r a male. Chappell and Kuehne (1998) examined congruence on positive affect and caregiving meaning among older couples and found higher congruence on the former than the latter. High positive affect congruence was more l

21、ikely when the caregiver was the husband, older, in better health, received more help from family and friends, and when both dyad members reported satisfaction with the relationship and higher life satisfaction. However,

22、 congruence on the meaning of caregiving was only associated with caregivers’ reports of higher relationship and life satisfaction. Lyons and colleagues (2002) found a lack of congruence in the level of caregiving diffic

23、ulties reported by elders and care- givers. Greater incongruence on this measure was predicted by caregiver reports of higher levels of caregiving difficulties and greater relationship strain.In summary, although prio

24、r research indicates that congruence may be influenced by a variety of factors, there has been little consistency in these factors either across studies or across measures (Bond Carabellese et al., 1993; Crews Horowitz

25、 Reuben, Silbey, Damesyn, Salive et al., 1994; Wahl, Oswald, West et al., 2002). There is also ample evidence that families exhibit significant distress when an older relative becomes visually disabled (Crews Dumas

26、Goodman Horowitz et al., 1998; Reinhardt & D’Allura, 2000).Third, in addition to examining congruence on the elders’ functional disability, we also examine congruence on several other, more subjective aspects of the