外文翻譯----設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)的基本原理

1、<p>　　機(jī)械工程學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文資料翻譯</p><p>　　教 科 部： 工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) </p><p>　　專 業(yè)： 工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) </p><p>　　姓 名： <

2、/p><p>　　學(xué) 號(hào)： </p><p>　　外 文 出 處： Basic design : the cultivation of </p><p>　　wisdom, reason and sensibility </p><

3、;p>　　附 件： </p><p>　　Introduction Philosophy of Basic Design</p><p>　　Design is a factor to be considered in all endeavors of art. The basic Design course

4、structure is beneficial to every student, irrespective of his or her major. Anyone taking the basic course is treated as a future designer. To achieve this, Basic Design attempts to cultivate within the student:</p>

5、;<p>　　1. The Ability to Discover and Solve Problems</p><p>　　Projects are developed so one not only finds solutions, but also creates one’s own design problems, and continually re-evaluates one’s pro

6、gress toward achieving a satisfying resolution to the problem. This means that solutions found in earlier assignments can suggest new problems for future assignments.</p><p>　　2. The Ability to Compromise<

7、;/p><p>　　As one confronts and discovers both the artificial and inherent limitations of a particular assignment, one learns to compromise and alter the original conception of the solution. This mental flexibil

8、ity allows for continual re- examination and reworking of projects in the attempt to search for more variations as a regular part of all design assignments.</p><p>　　3. Increased Creativity</p><p&

9、gt;　　Everyone is directed to discard the obvious or traditional in favor of creating one’s own unique solutions. All are encouraged to be different, and to show one’s findings in public. This is the best way to protect o

10、riginal work from being copied or imitated by others. This, along with learning new methods of analyzing design problems, opens the way for increasing creativity.</p><p>　　4. Improved Self-understanding</

11、p><p>　　Through design everyone learns to analyze and improve one’s own method of problem solving and to find what tends to block one’s creative thinking and to learn ways to overcome such obstacles. Not only d

12、ose one discovers one’s design abilities, but also learns how these abilities are able to relate to other art forms.</p><p>　　5. Craftsmanship</p><p>　　Careful craftsmanship is required on all p

13、rojects. Everyone learns patience, precision and the use of basic tools which allows one to create finished works of professional quality.</p><p>　　6. Relevance</p><p>　　This Basic Design course

14、 gives an introduction of basic geometry, engineering principles, and their relationship to artistic design. This course helps to develop abilities useful not only by artists or designers such as observation, analysis, i

15、nnovation, adaptation, planning and creativity.</p><p>　　The assignments in this Basic Design course are unique in that each project is built one on each other. This approach allows people to gain new insigh

16、ts by looking at one’s previous work. In addition, this course can direct everyone’s individuality, allowing one’s work to reflect their own personality and cultural background. All aspects of the results obtained will b

17、e beneficial.</p><p>　　Although this Basic Design course is for teachers and students of design, it can be applied to many other fields as well.</p><p>　　This book can be read in any order. Howe

18、ver, to take full advantage, it is recommended that all assignments are taken in sequence. It is crucial to use only basic drafting tools to compete each assignment rather than high tech equipment. The assignments in thi

19、s book are highly adaptable to any future studies by its reader. They are not simply focused on one area of study such as design or art or architecture but are designed to teach principles useful for everyone.</p>

20、<p>　　This book is divided into two main sections: twenty-six “issues” and twenty-eight assignments, the latter sub-divided into three parts.</p><p>　　1) The Introduction includes the philosophy of bas

21、ic design and twenty-six issues. Each issue reveals the reasons for writing this book and the philosophy of teaching design. Some issues will be illustrated with the author’s own design works.</p><p>　　2) Nu

22、merous design assignments are included in three parts--each part addresses a problem through a sequence of assignments that may seem, at first, to be unrelated. An illustration appears at the end of each of the parts for

23、 review.</p><p>　　a. Part one starts with adding a third dimension to a square--challenging 2D and 3D as one. All assignments that follow allow one to go through changes, improving the senses through compari

24、son and the ability to rationally understand the results.</p><p>　　b. Part two begins with marking a joint out of two pieces of paper, and follows many related lessons. This leads to the design of a new font

25、 based on all 26 letters of the alphabet.</p><p>　　c. Part three deals with the visual connection between two letters. Working with geometric principles, one learns to simplify the drawing process, and to un

26、derstand and work with negative spaces. The concepts of mass production and work with 2D and 3D modular systems are introduced.</p><p><b>　　設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)的基本原理</b></p><p>　　在所有的藝術(shù)行業(yè)中，設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)必須要考

27、慮的因素。不論他或她主修什么專業(yè)，設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)課程的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該適用于每一個(gè)學(xué)生。作為一名未來的設(shè)計(jì)師都應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的基礎(chǔ)課程。為了達(dá)到這一個(gè)目標(biāo)，設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生：</p><p>　　1.能夠去發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決問題</p><p>　　一個(gè)項(xiàng)目的開發(fā)不僅要找到解決方案的途徑，同時(shí)也會(huì)不斷暴露出自己設(shè)計(jì)中的問題，與此同時(shí)，不斷的去重新評(píng)估，然后找到一個(gè)最佳的解決問題的辦法。這就可能在過去任務(wù)中找到解

28、決問題方法時(shí)會(huì)在接下來的任務(wù)中再次出現(xiàn)新的問題。</p><p><b>　　2.能夠去溝通</b></p><p>　　當(dāng)面對(duì)特殊任務(wù)時(shí)，由于個(gè)人思考問題的局限性，應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)去和別人溝通，并且要嘗試著改變自己過去解決問題的想法。作為設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)的一部分，心理的調(diào)節(jié)是非常重要的，要不斷的重新測(cè)試和項(xiàng)目改造，以此來尋求更多的變化。</p><p>&l

29、t;b>　　3.提高創(chuàng)新能力</b></p><p>　　每個(gè)人要會(huì)摒棄那些表面的、傳統(tǒng)的部分，這樣有利于創(chuàng)造出具有獨(dú)特見解的解決問題的方法。應(yīng)該提倡創(chuàng)新，鼓勵(lì)大家公開自己的觀點(diǎn)。這也是保護(hù)原作不被其他人復(fù)制或模仿的最好方法。隨著學(xué)習(xí)了如何分析設(shè)計(jì)中存在問題的新方法，創(chuàng)新能力也就得到了提高。</p><p><b>　　4.提高理解能力</b><

30、;/p><p>　　通過設(shè)計(jì)，每個(gè)人學(xué)會(huì)去分析問題和解決問題的方法，從中找出阻礙創(chuàng)造性思維的問題，同時(shí)去掌握克服這些障礙的方法。一個(gè)人不僅要能清楚自己的設(shè)計(jì)能力有多高，而且要知道怎樣去更好地將設(shè)計(jì)能力運(yùn)用到不同的藝術(shù)形式中去。</p><p><b>　　5.技巧</b></p><p>　　在所有項(xiàng)目中，細(xì)膩的技術(shù)是很有必要的。每個(gè)人學(xué)會(huì)有耐心和

31、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，這樣可以創(chuàng)造出高質(zhì)量作品的基本工具的使用方法。</p><p><b>　　6.其他</b></p><p>　　這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)課程包括幾何基礎(chǔ)、工程原理以及它們與藝術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)之間關(guān)系等內(nèi)容。該課程有助于提高各方面的能力，例如觀察、分析、創(chuàng)新、適應(yīng)、規(guī)劃和創(chuàng)造力等，不僅僅是只對(duì)藝術(shù)家和設(shè)計(jì)師有利的。</p><p>　　設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)課程任務(wù)是獨(dú)特的

32、，它的每項(xiàng)內(nèi)容都是建立在其它內(nèi)容基礎(chǔ)上的。這樣使人們通過觀察一個(gè)人的前期工作就能得到新的見解。此外，這個(gè)課程能反映出每個(gè)人的個(gè)性，使得每個(gè)人在工作時(shí)都體現(xiàn)出自己的個(gè)性和文化背景。</p><p>　　盡管這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)課程是為與設(shè)計(jì)專業(yè)有關(guān)的老師和學(xué)生而開設(shè)的，可它同樣適用于其他很多的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域。</p><p>　　你可以按任何次序來學(xué)習(xí)這本書。但是想充分掌握它，那就要求所有的任務(wù)按照一定的順序

33、來進(jìn)行，關(guān)鍵是要只用手繪形式去完成每一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，而不是用高科技設(shè)備。在很大程度上對(duì)讀者而言，這本書中的任務(wù)適用于任何對(duì)未來的研究。它們并不是簡單的側(cè)重于研究某個(gè)方面，例如設(shè)計(jì)或者藝術(shù)或者建筑等，而重點(diǎn)在于講授一個(gè)原則、一種方法，這樣的話就適用于每一個(gè)讀者。</p><p>　　這本書被分為兩大主要的內(nèi)容：二十六個(gè)問題和二十八個(gè)任務(wù)，后者又分為三個(gè)部分。</p><p>　　1)緒論包括了

34、設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)的基本原理和二十六個(gè)問題。每一個(gè)問題都揭示了寫這本書的原因和設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)的基本原理。有些問題將會(huì)結(jié)合作者的個(gè)人作品來進(jìn)行說明。</p><p>　　2)三個(gè)部分里面包含了眾多的設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)——每一個(gè)部分都是在一系列起初看起來不相關(guān)的任務(wù)中去解決一個(gè)個(gè)問題。在每一個(gè)回顧部分的末尾都配有一幅插圖。</p><p>　　a.第一部分從增加一個(gè)第三層面到一個(gè)區(qū)域——挑戰(zhàn)2D和3D開始。下面所有的任

35、務(wù)都要通過三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行：變化、由對(duì)比而調(diào)整感覺以及正確認(rèn)識(shí)結(jié)果的能力。</p><p>　　b.第二部分從給兩張紙要去做一個(gè)聯(lián)合而開始，要遵循許多相關(guān)課程的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。這樣就會(huì)得到一個(gè)基于字母表26個(gè)字母的新字體的設(shè)計(jì)。</p><p>　　c.第三部分主要是處理兩個(gè)字母之間的視覺聯(lián)系。運(yùn)用幾何原則去開展，一個(gè)人要學(xué)會(huì)簡化繪制過程，并且要能去理解你的任務(wù)，同時(shí)要能在逆境中工作。在這本書中還介紹了