中國(guó)女科技人員發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及相關(guān)建議

1、The Status and Analysis of Chinese Women Engineers,Tianshu BiNorth China Electric Power University,Outline,Significance of Women Professionals in Science and Technology The Status and Analysis of Chinese Women Engin

2、eers Measures and Suggestions for encouraging Chinese Women Engineers,,The World Needs Science, Science Needs Women,Marie Sklodowska-Curie(1867-1934),the Polish scientist, has been honored twice with the Nobel Prize in

3、 Physics andin Chemistry,Wang Zhenyi(1768-1797)，Chinese astronomer，physician and mathematician，presented the theory of solar and lunar eclipses,Wu Chien-Shiung(1912-1997), "the Chinese Madame Curie", the lea

4、ding and outstanding experimental physicist,,Women are smart and resilient enough to become scientists and engineers .They have made significant contributions to science from the earliest times. It's important and

5、necessary to get more women involved in science and technology.,The World Needs Science, Science Needs Women,,Fully exerting the function of present talents and exploring new scientific talent resources（1）,,In China, it

6、takes about 200 thousand yuan to cultivate an under-graduate and the cultivation cost of a master or doctoral student is higher.More than one third of the scientific and technical staffs are women and 67% of them have a

7、t least undergraduate degrees and 6% have master degrees.,Fully exerting the function of present talents and exploring new scientific talent resources（2）,,The severe international competition requires to continuously exc

8、avate the talent resources so as to provide the reserve force for scientific and technological innovation and development.The attractiveness of scientific research for women should be enhanced by improving the status of

9、 women in the field of scientific research in order to expand the scientific talent team.,Taking the full advantage of women's characteristic and promoting scientific and technological progress（1）,,The thinking mode

10、between men and women is different although there is no difference in intelligence.According to the research of psychology, men are better at logical thinking and women more adept at image thinking.Using the different

11、 thinking and research methods from men, women make significant contributions for scientific and technological development.,It's believed that the important reason for her success is the research method she used di

12、fferent from the traditional method based on male perspective.It reflects the feminine thought tendency and advantages emphasizing on the intuition of study.,Barbara McClintockthe American scientist and cytogeneticis

13、t with the Nobel Prize,Taking the full advantage of women's characteristic and promoting scientific and technological progress（2）,,There is a great difference in the life experiences and personality traits between me

14、n and women. It's shown that the innovation have benefited from researchers' diversity including the gender balance.,There is a difference in the research interests between men and women. For instance,women are

15、more interested in environmental protection, medical treatment, obstetrics and immunology.,Improving women's status and driving social development,,The Beijing Declaration was passed in the UN 4th World Conference on

16、 Women in 1995 and committed to empower women, develop women's abilities and promote women's status as far as possible.,The eight UN's Millenium Development Goals was passed by all members in the United Natio

17、ns Millennium Summit in 2000 and one of the most important contents is promoting gender equality and giving women more empowerment.,Outline,Significance of Women Professionals in Science and Technology The Status and

18、 Analysis of Chinese Women EngineersMeasures and Suggestions for encouraging Chinese Women Engineers,,The Status of Women Engineers in the World,,Although women have made great contributions in the development, science

19、 is always regarded as a man's field, especially in Asia-Pacific.,Sex Ratio of Researchers in Different Countries,Compared with the major countries in the world，there is less number of women engineers in Asian countr

20、ies.In China, women accounted for a quarter in the scientific and technical personnel.,The Status of Chinese Women Engineers,,Women only accounts for 16% of the winners in National Natural Science Award, National Invent

21、ion Awards and National Progress Awards during 1997-2001. Women only accounts for 5% of the academicians in Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering as of 2009.,The structure of Chinese women engi

22、neers tends to be of pyramid.The occupational status and achievement is higher, the proportion of women is lower in the field of scientific research.,According to the survey of China Scientific Institution, there are 14

23、.67 million women professionals in science and technology, accounting for 33% of sci-tech human resource in China.,The Status of Chinese Women Engineers——Postgraduate Education,,The Proportion of Female Postgraduates i

24、n North China Electric Power niversity,There are 168 doctoral students and 1738 masters at school, respectively accounting for 26.88% and 41.63% of the total number.,The number of female postgraduates is obviously less

25、than male.In particular,the proportion of women drops greatly as the educational background increases.,The proportion of female postgraduates is increasing slowly with the time passing.,The Status of Chinese Women Engine

26、ers——Full-time Teachers and Researchers,,The Proportion of Female Full-time Teachers and Researchers in North China Electric Power University,There are 391 female full-time teachers and researchers at school,accounti

27、ng for 39.94% of the total number.,The proportion of women drops sharply as rank rises.,The proportion of women drops as they ages.,,,,,,Gender consciousness affects on women's motivation of development and target

28、 of achievement.,The recessive gender discrimination in peer review leads to the phenomenon that women have a low participation in high positions.,Women engineers are lack of motivation to research under the current sys

29、tem and the environment.,Marriage and family affect women engineers’ investment in time and effort.,The reason for shortage of women engineers and high-level scientific research output,Gender consciousness has an effect

30、 on women's motivation of development and target of achievement.,,The gap has been widen in the proportion of pursuing high goals between men and women with age.,In the pursuit of ideals, men's goal gets high

31、er with age while women's gets lower.It leads to a decline of both women's scientific enthusiasm and effort, has an adverse effect on their scientific research outputs and limits their developments to a higher l

32、evel.,The recessive gender discrimination leads to the phenomenon that women have a low participation in high positions,,There is a gender discrimination inevitably in all aspects of the evaluation to research activitie

33、s, including job classification, project's funding applications, journal article's reviewers, evaluation of research institutions and etc.Women workers are lack of peer recognition in scientific research outputs

34、.,Women engeneers are lack of motivation to research under the current system and the environment,,A survey of Women Engineers' Motivation to Research in Universities of Beijing shown that 39.4% respondents selected

35、"forced to job requirements".Only 26% of the women engineer chose "interested" and 21.2% chose "to achieve value". 5% of the women engineer chose doing research work in order to increase i

36、ncome.,Marriage and family affect women researchers’ investment in time and effort,,According to the research,women's best age for scientific research output is 25 to 45 years old. Most women researchers enter the

37、 marriage and have children nearly 30 years old after obtaining masters,even doctorates.So they have to discontinue the scientific research and spend times taking care of their children.In addition,nearly half of women

38、 spend more than two hours a day in doing housework.,Outline,Significance of Women Professionals in Science and Technology The Status and Analysis of Chinese Women EngineersMeasures and Suggestions for Encouraging C

39、hinese Women Engineers,,Measures and Suggestions for encouraging Chinese Women Engineers,,,,,,,Encouraging women to participate in research work,Creating an equitable environment for women’s career growth,Giving the pr

40、iority to women under the same conditions in applying and replying of the project,Enhancing the support to young women scientists,Creating the communication platform for women scientists,,Mitigating the conflict between

41、the social role of women and the identity of engineers,How to encourage women to participate in research work？,,,Women should be encouraged to participate in mathematics, physics and other natural sciences studies in sc

42、hool education.The publicity of women scientists' success stories should be increased in order to provide more successful examples for young women and improve their confidence in the scientific research work.,How t

43、o create an equitable environment forwomen’s career growth？,,,The government and relevant departments need to strengthen supervision during the recruitment in order to eliminate gender-based discrimination and inequalit

44、y in the selection of staffs.The goverment and relevant departments should take some measures to help women to mitigate the effects of childbearing and breastfeeding on research work. The retirement age of women shoul

45、d be consistent with that of men.,How to give the priority to women under the same conditions in applying and replying of the project?,,,It is presented clearly that women have the priority to be subsidized under the sam

46、e conditions so as to improve the funding rate of women.The relevant departments should take some preferential measures for women such as extending research time of projects for maternal female, or setting up special re

47、search funds for women.,How to enhance support to young women scientists ?,,,The highest award for young women scientists is China Youth Female Scientist Award while it's only awarded to five prize-winners each year

48、.it's necessary to establish awards to praise outstanding young women scientistst both in the Chinese Association for Science and local levels.It's important to provide spiritual encouragement and support for t

49、he development of young women scientists.,How to create the communication platform for women scientists?,,,The platform should be built for the contact between female scientists and society to expand their social circle

50、 relying on the mass organizations such as Association for Science and Women's Federations.The platform should be built for the communication among female scientists to help them develop their own research work net

51、work by the same way.,How to mitigate the conflict between the social role of women and the identity of engineers?,,,It should be advocated in society that both husband and wife should share the family responsibilities,t