冬春季常見(jiàn)呼吸道

1、,云水醫(yī)院--防?？?冬春季常見(jiàn)呼吸道傳染病防治知識(shí),,名詞解釋,呼吸道傳染病是指病原體，90%以上為病毒，從人體的鼻腔、咽喉、氣管和支氣管等呼吸道感染侵入而引起的有傳染性的疾病。,傳播途徑： 主要通過(guò)空氣飛沫傳播，也可通過(guò)直接密切接觸或間接接觸傳播。,,易感人群： 人群對(duì)多數(shù)呼吸道傳染病普遍易感，特別是大中小學(xué)生、兒童和體弱多病者。,,,,常見(jiàn)的呼吸道傳染病及其主要表現(xiàn),PART ONE,,,流

2、行 性 感 冒,PART one,主要表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱、鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽、乏力、全身酸痛等。,發(fā)熱,流 行 性 感 冒,甲型流感病毒,乙型流感病毒,丙型流感病毒,,,,,,,,流感病毒,流 感 病 毒 分 型,Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Yout

3、h is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind

4、; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks.,ADD YOUR TITLE,甲型流感病毒,甲型H1N1流感的潛伏期較流感、禽流感潛伏期長(zhǎng)，潛伏期時(shí)長(zhǎng)1~7天，多為1~3天。部分患者病情可迅速發(fā)展，來(lái)勢(shì)兇猛、突然高熱、體溫超過(guò)38℃，通常表現(xiàn)為流感樣癥狀，包括發(fā)熱、咽痛、流涕、鼻塞、咳嗽、咳痰、頭痛、全身酸痛、乏力。部分病例出現(xiàn)嘔吐、腹瀉。少數(shù)病例僅有輕微的上呼吸道癥狀，無(wú)發(fā)熱。體征主要包括咽部充血和扁桃體腫大

5、。,Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state o

6、f mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks.,ADD YOUR TITLE,甲型流感病毒,其抗原易發(fā)生變異，曾多次引起世界性大流行，每次流行死亡人數(shù)達(dá)數(shù)百萬(wàn)，甚至上千萬(wàn)計(jì)。2009年席卷全球的新型甲型H1N1流感即為甲型流感的

7、一種，但本次流行死亡率較歷史上其它大流行低。,Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of

8、life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks.,ADD YOUR TITLE,乙型流感病毒,是由乙型流感病毒引起的流行性感冒，其特點(diǎn)是起病急驟，畏寒、發(fā)熱，體溫在數(shù)小時(shí)至24小時(shí)內(nèi)升達(dá)高

9、峰，39-40℃甚至更高。伴頭痛，全身酸痛，乏力，食欲減退。呼吸道癥狀較輕，咽干喉痛，干咳，可有腹瀉。對(duì)人類(lèi)致病性較低，常局部爆發(fā)。,Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a ma

10、tter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks.,ADD YOUR TITLE,丙型流感病毒,是由丙

11、型流感病毒引起的流行性感冒，主要侵犯嬰幼兒或只引起人類(lèi)輕微的上呼吸道感染，很少流行。,,,,流行性腦脊髓膜炎,PART two,是 由 腦 膜 炎 雙 球 菌感 染 引 起 的 經(jīng) 呼 吸 道 傳 播 的 一 種 化 膿 性 腦 膜 炎 ，多 在 春 季 流 行 。,一般表現(xiàn)癥狀是：突然高熱，劇烈頭痛，頻繁嘔吐，精神不振，頸項(xiàng)強(qiáng)直，重者可出現(xiàn)昏迷、抽搐。若出現(xiàn)類(lèi)似上呼吸道感染的癥狀，或者突發(fā)高熱、身上有出血點(diǎn)、頭痛、噴射狀嘔吐、嗜睡、煩

12、躁不安等癥狀，要立即到正規(guī)醫(yī)院搶救治療，以免延誤病情。,流行性腦脊髓膜炎,,,麻疹、風(fēng)疹、腮腺炎、水痘,PART three,,以發(fā)熱、頭面部、手足、軀干皮疹、水皰和腮腺腫大等為主要表現(xiàn)。,,雖然病毒本身導(dǎo)致的癥狀可能并不嚴(yán)重，但如果不積極治療，也可能導(dǎo)致肺炎、腦炎等的并發(fā)癥。,,腮腺炎還可能睪丸炎、卵巢炎，對(duì)患者生育功能造成影響。,,孕婦感染風(fēng)疹后還可能致致胎兒致畸。嚴(yán)重者可以留有后遺癥。,,ADD YOUR TITLE,麻 疹,風(fēng)

13、疹,水痘,,如果未接種相應(yīng)疫苗，并控制措施不嚴(yán)，可造成疾病在學(xué)校、托幼機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)的流行。,,,,,手 足 口 病,PART TWO,,急性起病，發(fā)熱、口痛、厭食、口腔黏膜出現(xiàn)散在皰疹或潰瘍，位于舌、頰黏膜及硬腭等處為多，可波及軟腭，牙齦、扁桃體和咽部。手、足、臀部、臂部、腿部出現(xiàn)斑丘疹，后轉(zhuǎn)為皰疹，皰疹周?chē)捎醒仔约t暈，皰內(nèi)液體較少。手足部較多，掌背面均有。,發(fā)熱,手足口病,Youth is not a time of life; it i

14、s a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy

15、cheeks. Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks.,手足口病,手足口病一旦發(fā)生，治療若不及時(shí)的話，很容易出現(xiàn) 身體其他部位的繼發(fā)感染，從而危及生命。,,,呼吸道傳染病的有哪些預(yù)防控制措施,PART TWO,1.,保持良好的個(gè)人及環(huán)境衛(wèi)生,2.,勤洗手，使用肥皂或洗手液并用流動(dòng)水洗手，不用污濁的毛巾

16、擦手。雙手接觸呼吸道分泌物后（如打噴嚏后）應(yīng)立即洗手,3.,打噴嚏或咳嗽時(shí)應(yīng)用手帕或紙巾掩住口鼻，避免飛沫污染他人?；颊咴诩一蛲獬鰰r(shí)佩戴口罩，以免傳染他人,4.,均衡飲食、適量運(yùn)動(dòng)、充足休息，避免過(guò)度疲勞,5.,學(xué)校教室、宿舍等人員集中的場(chǎng)所每天應(yīng)開(kāi)窗通風(fēng)數(shù)次（冬天要避免穿堂風(fēng)），保持室內(nèi)空氣新鮮,6.,在呼吸道傳染病高發(fā)期，盡量不到人多擁擠、空氣污濁的場(chǎng)所；不得已必須去時(shí)，最好戴口罩,7.,在醫(yī)生指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行預(yù)防接種,8.,防控呼吸道傳

17、染病，關(guān)鍵要做到 “四早”，即：早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早報(bào)告、早隔離、早治療,,,呼吸道傳染病的治療措施,PART THREE,ADD YOUR TITLE,Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeksYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not

18、 a matter of rosy cheeksYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeksYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks,ADD YOUR TITLE,Youth is n

19、ot a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeksYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeksYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is no

20、t a matter of rosy cheeksYouth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks,40%,20%,45%,25%,65%,20%,65%,20%,25%,45%,20%,40%,,,,目前針對(duì)病毒感染尚無(wú)特效的方法，達(dá)菲、金剛烷胺對(duì)甲型流感病毒復(fù)制有抑制作用，在預(yù)防和治療上有一定效果。,Youth

21、is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks,ADD YOUR TITLE,Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind; it is not a matter of rosy cheeks,中藥：金銀花、板蘭根、大青葉等在減輕癥狀縮短病程方面也具有一定療效。,中藥：金