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1、本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)外文翻譯原文:原文:AntitrustStatusofFarmerCooperatives:TheStyoftheCapperVolsteadActIsBigNecessarilyBadThepositionissometimesstatedthattheCapperVolsteadActtheothercooperativeexemptionswereenactedtoprotectsmallstrugglingp
2、roducerswhotillthelnotlargemarketingcpations.ThiswasclearlytheviewpointfexampleofanFTCadministrativelawjudge.Heheldmembersofacooperativemarketingassociationwholimitedtheiranticompetitiveactivitytoagreeingonpriceswerenotp
3、rotectedfromperseantitrustliability.ObviouslyfrustratedwiththejudicialacceptanceofcpatemembershipsinCaseSwaynev.Sunkisthewrote:InsumperhapsCongressshouldbetoldthatthemajassumptionsunderlyingthe(CapperVolstead)exemptionit
4、selfarenowopentoseriousquestionbecause(1)theexemptionisbeingclaimedbygiantagribusinesseslikeUnitedBrsinthiscasewhichhavetheresourcesthatarefardifferentfromthoseofthesmallfamilyfarmerswhowereCongressconcernin1922Butthisco
5、mmentwasrebuffedbyaFederaldistrictcourtjudgewhoruledinaprivatelitigationbasedonthesamefactsthatproducerswhoonlyengageinsettingpricesareprotectedbyCapperVolstead.Inanotestronglycriticizingtheadministrativelawjudgesopinion
6、onseveralfrontstheFederaljudgecommented:Healsoexpressedtheopinionthatthestatutewasintendedtoprotectsmallfarmersitshouldnotbeallowedtoshieldtheactivitiesofgiantagribusinessfromtheantitrustlaws.Howeverneithersection6nCappe
7、rVolsteadcontainrestrictionsonthesizeofgrowerswhoareexemptedundertheActs.IntegratedEntitiesTwosubsequentrulingshavedealtwiththeissueofwhetherfirmswithbothproductionprocessingoperationsqualifyasproducersunderCapperVolstea
8、d.Bothcastalimitedamountoflightontotheoverallissue.In1988theDepartmentofJusticeissuedafavablebusinessreviewlettertoanattneyrepresentingfruitvegetablegrowersinterestedinfminganewproducermarketingassociationtobeknownasitso
9、ughttoprotectundertheCapperVolsteadAct.“ThejudgeconcludedthatsinceHinotecouldntestablishthat“...allofhisallegedcoconspiratswereprivilegedtoactcollectivelyundertheCapperVolsteadActhischallengetotheindictmentmustfail.“(cou
10、rtsemphasis)Thecourtconductedajurytrial.Hinotewasacquittedsonoappealsweretakenconcerningtheopiniondenyingthemotiontodismiss.SoatleastoneFederalcourtopinionholdsthatwhomeverCapperVolsteadisintendedtoprotectitisnotfullyint
11、egratedfirmswithindependenthlingmarketingoperationsmultibilliondollarssaleseachyear.ProcessingSubsidiariesAnotherelementofconfusionconcerningwhoisaproducerprotectedbyCapperVolsteadwasintroducedbydictainadecisiongrantings
12、ummaryjudgmenttoacooperativegedwithillegallyconspiringwithitswhollyownedprocessingsubsidiary.515ProducermembersofNationalGrapeCooperativeprovideconcdgrapestothecooperativewhichsellsthemtoitswhollyownedsubsidiaryWelchFood
13、sfprocessingintograpejuiceotherconsumerproducts.WelchisganizedasacooperativewithNationalGrapeasitsonlymember.In1990NationalGrapeterminateditsmembersinArkansasMissouribecauseproductioninthatareahaddecreasedtoalevelthatmad
14、eitimpracticalfthecooperativetocontinuetoservethem.TheterminatedgrowerssuedNationalGrapeonmanygroundsincludinganallegationthatNationalGrapeWelchconspiredtorestraintradeinviolationofSection1ofSherman.Befeaddressingtheissu
15、ewhichthecourtdecidedfthecooperativeonthebasisofgeneralbusinesslawitdiscussedtheapplicabilityofCapperVolsteadtotheSection1geofconspiracybetweenNationalGrapeWelch.ThecourtbeganbycitingNationalBroilerMarketingAssnCaseSwayn
16、efthepropositionthatdlemenifinfiltratedintoanotherwiseexemptcooperativearenottoreceivebenefitoftheCapperVolsteadexemptioninantitrustlitigation.“Thecourtthensummized:InthiscasethereisnodisputethatWelchawhollyownednonstock
17、“cooperative“ofNationalisanonfarmerprocess.TheCourthasmadeclearthatwhenagriculturalindustriesverticallyintegrateincludingnonfarmerdlemensuchasprocessstheeconomicroleofthesedlemenexceedstheconductCongressintendedtopermitt
18、hroughtheCapperVolsteadexemption.ThusthecourtfindsthatwhiletheexemptionprovidesalimitedimmunitytofarmcooperativesfromantitrustlitigationtheuncontestednaturerelationshipofNationalWelchfecloseapplicationoftheCapperVolstead
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