反壟斷地位的農民專業(yè)合作社—以沃爾斯特德法為例【外文翻譯】

1、本科畢業(yè)設計（論文）外文翻譯原文：原文：AntitrustStatusofFarmerCooperatives:TheStyoftheCapperVolsteadActIsBigNecessarilyBadThepositionissometimesstatedthattheCapperVolsteadActtheothercooperativeexemptionswereenactedtoprotectsmallstrugglingp

2、roducerswhotillthelnotlargemarketingcpations.ThiswasclearlytheviewpointfexampleofanFTCadministrativelawjudge.Heheldmembersofacooperativemarketingassociationwholimitedtheiranticompetitiveactivitytoagreeingonpriceswerenotp

3、rotectedfromperseantitrustliability.ObviouslyfrustratedwiththejudicialacceptanceofcpatemembershipsinCaseSwaynev.Sunkisthewrote:InsumperhapsCongressshouldbetoldthatthemajassumptionsunderlyingthe(CapperVolstead)exemptionit

4、selfarenowopentoseriousquestionbecause(1)theexemptionisbeingclaimedbygiantagribusinesseslikeUnitedBrsinthiscasewhichhavetheresourcesthatarefardifferentfromthoseofthesmallfamilyfarmerswhowereCongressconcernin1922Butthisco

5、mmentwasrebuffedbyaFederaldistrictcourtjudgewhoruledinaprivatelitigationbasedonthesamefactsthatproducerswhoonlyengageinsettingpricesareprotectedbyCapperVolstead.Inanotestronglycriticizingtheadministrativelawjudgesopinion

6、onseveralfrontstheFederaljudgecommented:Healsoexpressedtheopinionthatthestatutewasintendedtoprotectsmallfarmersitshouldnotbeallowedtoshieldtheactivitiesofgiantagribusinessfromtheantitrustlaws.Howeverneithersection6nCappe

7、rVolsteadcontainrestrictionsonthesizeofgrowerswhoareexemptedundertheActs.IntegratedEntitiesTwosubsequentrulingshavedealtwiththeissueofwhetherfirmswithbothproductionprocessingoperationsqualifyasproducersunderCapperVolstea

8、d.Bothcastalimitedamountoflightontotheoverallissue.In1988theDepartmentofJusticeissuedafavablebusinessreviewlettertoanattneyrepresentingfruitvegetablegrowersinterestedinfminganewproducermarketingassociationtobeknownasitso

9、ughttoprotectundertheCapperVolsteadAct.“ThejudgeconcludedthatsinceHinotecouldntestablishthat“...allofhisallegedcoconspiratswereprivilegedtoactcollectivelyundertheCapperVolsteadActhischallengetotheindictmentmustfail.“(cou

10、rtsemphasis)Thecourtconductedajurytrial.Hinotewasacquittedsonoappealsweretakenconcerningtheopiniondenyingthemotiontodismiss.SoatleastoneFederalcourtopinionholdsthatwhomeverCapperVolsteadisintendedtoprotectitisnotfullyint

11、egratedfirmswithindependenthlingmarketingoperationsmultibilliondollarssaleseachyear.ProcessingSubsidiariesAnotherelementofconfusionconcerningwhoisaproducerprotectedbyCapperVolsteadwasintroducedbydictainadecisiongrantings

12、ummaryjudgmenttoacooperativegedwithillegallyconspiringwithitswhollyownedprocessingsubsidiary.515ProducermembersofNationalGrapeCooperativeprovideconcdgrapestothecooperativewhichsellsthemtoitswhollyownedsubsidiaryWelchFood

13、sfprocessingintograpejuiceotherconsumerproducts.WelchisganizedasacooperativewithNationalGrapeasitsonlymember.In1990NationalGrapeterminateditsmembersinArkansasMissouribecauseproductioninthatareahaddecreasedtoalevelthatmad

14、eitimpracticalfthecooperativetocontinuetoservethem.TheterminatedgrowerssuedNationalGrapeonmanygroundsincludinganallegationthatNationalGrapeWelchconspiredtorestraintradeinviolationofSection1ofSherman.Befeaddressingtheissu

15、ewhichthecourtdecidedfthecooperativeonthebasisofgeneralbusinesslawitdiscussedtheapplicabilityofCapperVolsteadtotheSection1geofconspiracybetweenNationalGrapeWelch.ThecourtbeganbycitingNationalBroilerMarketingAssnCaseSwayn

16、efthepropositionthatdlemenifinfiltratedintoanotherwiseexemptcooperativearenottoreceivebenefitoftheCapperVolsteadexemptioninantitrustlitigation.“Thecourtthensummized:InthiscasethereisnodisputethatWelchawhollyownednonstock

17、“cooperative“ofNationalisanonfarmerprocess.TheCourthasmadeclearthatwhenagriculturalindustriesverticallyintegrateincludingnonfarmerdlemensuchasprocessstheeconomicroleofthesedlemenexceedstheconductCongressintendedtopermitt

18、hroughtheCapperVolsteadexemption.ThusthecourtfindsthatwhiletheexemptionprovidesalimitedimmunitytofarmcooperativesfromantitrustlitigationtheuncontestednaturerelationshipofNationalWelchfecloseapplicationoftheCapperVolstead