微型貸款的促進(jìn)作用，證據(jù)來自格萊珉鄉(xiāng)村銀行【外文翻譯】_第1頁
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1、外文題目：promotionalroleofmicrocredit:evidencefromthegrameenbankofbangladesh出處：JournalofInternationalDevelopment作者：Md.AbulBasher原文：promotionalroleofmicrocredit:evidencefromthegrameenbankofbangladeshAbstract:Thispaperinvestig

2、ateswhethertheincomeaugmentingroleofmicrocreditisattributableonlytoincreasedparticipationofthebrowerineconomicactivitiesswitchtomeproductiveactivitiesalso.Thepaperprovidesaframewktoanalyzethisquestioninabsenceofanylongit

3、udinaldata.ByusingthedatafromtheGrameenBankofBangladeshthepaperfindsthatmicrocreditenablesthebrowerstomoveprogressivelyintomeproductiveactivitiesastheybecomeexperienced.Copyright2009JohnWileyProductivityJELClassification

4、:O12O16INTRODUCTIONTheliteratureidentifiestwocontributionsofmicrofianceindevelopingcountries.Thefirstcontributionincludestheincreaseinincomeoftheparticipants(Alamgir1998Khker1998PittKhkar1998Basher2001)thesecondcontribut

5、ionincludesdifferentaspectsofwelfareempowermentmotivationalattitudinalchangesamongtheprogramparticipants(Hashemietal.1996Amial.1998Basher2007).Usuallytheruralpoareinvolvedinthelowrisklowproductiveactivities.Microfinancec

6、anincreasetheincomeoftheparticipantseitherbyscalinguptheseactivitiesbymovingtheparticipantsintohighproductiveactivities.Expansionofthelowproductiveactivitiescanbeidentifiedasthe“promotional”(DerezSen1991)roleofmicrofinan

7、c.loanasa‘Agroupfund’.Theycanusethesegroupfundstomitigateanykindsoffiancialcrisis.Amountofgroupfundsincreaseswiththenumberofloans.Beingemboldenedbytheavailabilityofthesegroupfundstheparticipantscanswitchfromprotectionalt

8、opromotionalactivities.TheincreasedabilitytomitigateanyfinanciallossbytakingloanfromthegroupfundisevidentfromTable1.(2)Accumulationofassets:Householdscanaccumulatedifferenttypesofnonfinancialassetsovertimebytakingloanfro

9、mMFIs(Menon2006).ThedatausedinthisstudyalsofindsupptftheaccumulationoflovertimebytheparticipantsoftheGrameenBankofBangladesh.Table2reptsthattheaveragelpurchasedbytheparticipantswhotooklessthanfiveloansis12decimals.Thesam

10、eaverageftheparticipantswhotookmethanfiveloansismethan20decimals.(3)Fmationofsocialcapital:Theconceptofsocialcapitalreferstofeaturesofsocialganisationssuchaswksnmstrustthatfacilitatemutualcodinationcooperation(Putnam1993

11、NahapietGhoshal1998).Literatureidentifiestwotypesofsocialcapitaloneatmicrolevelanotheratmacrolevel.Atthemicrolevelsocialcapitalencapsulatesfeaturesofsocialganisationssuchaswksofindividualshouseholdstheassociatednmstrustv

12、alues.Atthemacrolevelsocialcapitalincludesthesocialpoliticalenvironmentpoliticalregimetheruleoflawthelegalsystemcivilpoliticallibertiesqualityofinstitutionsetc.GrameenBankaswellasotherMFIscontributesprimarilytothesocialc

13、apitalatmicroindividuallevel.Thecentremeetingagatheringof50to60womenalsowksasawindowofinfmationftheparticipants.Thegroupbasedactivitiestheexchangesintheweeklymeetinghelptofmsocialcapitalbypromotingawkofeconomiccooperatio

14、nmutualtrustnmofreciprocityamongtheparticipants(Rankin2002).TheparticipantsofMFIsareinvolvedmostlyintheinfmalshadoweconomicactivities.Theseactivitiesaresometimesconstrainedbytheabsenceoffmalinstitutions.Butthefmationofso

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