定義產(chǎn)業(yè)集群【外文翻譯】_第1頁
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1、外文翻譯原文DefiningIndustryClustersMaterialSource:JournalofBusinessVenturingAuth:NancyLenhartWHATAREINDUSTRYCLUSTERSIndustryclustersaregeographicconcentrationsofcompetingcomplementaryinterdependentfirmsindustriesthatdobusines

2、switheachotherhavecommonneedsftalenttechnologyinfrastructure.Thefirmsincludedintheclustermaybebothcompetitivecooperative.Theymaycompetedirectlywithsomemembersoftheclusterpurchaseinputsfromotherclustermembersrelyontheserv

3、icesofotherclusterfirmsintheoperationoftheirbusiness.Clustersmaygettheirstartinanynumberofways.FexampleaclustermayfmaroundalargecompetitivefirmsuchasMedtronicintheTwinCitiesMicrosoftinSeattle.Thepresenceofsupptofamajrese

4、archinstitutionmayspurthedevelopmentofaclustersuchastheinfmationtechnologyclustersinSiliconValleytheBostonarea.Specialinfrastructureconditionsresourcesmayalsosupptthedevelopmentofindustryclusters.Examplesincludethewoodpr

5、oductsclusterinnthernMinnesotathewineindustryinnthernCalifniatourisminsouthernFlida.Industryclustersaredynamicentities.Theymaychangeastheindustrieswithinthemchangeasexternalconditionschange.Fexampleasthecomputerhardwarei

6、ndustrychangedtheTwinCitiesBostonhardwareclusterslostprominenceintheirstates’economiesnationally.BothareasaretryingSometimesanindustryclusterwillspawnanentirelynewcluster.TheaerospaceclusterinSouthernCalifniahasspawnedse

7、veralotherclustersthatrelyonrelatedengineeringskillstechnologies.Animptantacteristicofclustersisthattheyarecenteredonfirmsthatselloutsidethelocalstateevennationalmarket.Theseexptingfirmsaredrivingfcesinaregionalstateecon

8、omy.Theybringmoneyintotheareasupptmanylocalindustries.ClustersmayincludegovernmentnonprofitganizationseducationalinstitutionsotherinfrastructureserviceproviderswhosepresenceiskeytoInadditiontotheseconditionsPterincludest

9、herolesofgovernmentchance.Histicalaccidentgovernmentactionstendtoplaysignificantrolesinthedevelopmentlocationofindustryclusters.INDUSTRYCLUSTERSTRATEGIESSeveralstatesregionshavemadeindustryclustersafocusoftheireconomicde

10、velopmenteffts.Manyindividualsinvolvedineconomicdevelopmentpolicyhavefoundthataclusterstrategyoffersanefficienteffectivewaytodeliverprogramsservicestoindustrybuildonthestrengthsoftheregionaleconomyfostereconomicdevelopme

11、nt.Industryclustersalsohighlightrelationshipsamongindustriestheganizationsthatcontributetothecluster’ssuccess.Thedegreetowhichastateregionmayuseanindustryclusterstrategyvaries.StatessuchasArizonaegonhavestructuredtheirst

12、ateeconomicdevelopmentinitiativesusingindustryclusterframewk.Thesestatescodinatetheiragenciesefftstowkwiththeindustryclusters.Whilethestateservestocodinateefftstypicallyindustryleadersdrivethecluster.Stateregionalinstitu

13、tionssuchaseducationtrainingprovidersresearchinstitutionstransptationtechnologyproviderseconomicdevelopmentagenciesprovideimptantsuppttotheclusteraswell.Thusinsteadofthreeagencieswiththreedifferentuncodinatedprogramsfocu

14、sedonthesameindustryclustertheywkcollabatively.Agenciesinthisscenariogenerallywkwiththecluster(ratherthanindividualfirms)tounderstaddresskeyconcerns.OtherstatesregionsincludingMinnesotahaveusedindustryclustersinamuchmeli

15、mitedfashion.Todatetheseefftshavenotfullycodinatedgovernmentagenciesindustrieseducation.FexampletheMinnesotaDepartmentofTradeEconomicDevelopment’s“industryspecialist“positionswerecreatedtoincreaseunderstingoffacilitateth

16、edeliveryofservicestospecificindustriesinthestate.TheMinnesotaStateCollegesUniversitiesSystem’s(MnSCU)recenteffttowkwithindustriestodeveloptrainingprogramscurriculumisanotherexample.Otheragenciesmaywkwiththesamedifferent

17、groupsofindustrieshowevertheseefftsaregenerallynotcodinatedwithateamofindustryleadersacrosspublicagencies.Industryclusterstrategiesunlikeindustrialpoliciesdonotnecessarilyinvolvegovernmentcreatingspecialadvantagesfsomein

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