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1、外文翻譯原文：原文：MeaningfulMotivationfWkMotivationTheyTheJuly2004AMRSpecialTopicFumontheFutureofWkMotivationTheyopensupnewresearchdirectionstohelpusunderstwhatmotivateswkerstowkbutitsayscomparativelylittleaboutwhyweshouldmotiva
2、tewkerstowk.ThatiswhatisthemotivationfwkmotivationtheyPerhapsthelackofemphasisonthisquestionresultsfromaperceptionthattheanswerisquiteobvious:weneedtomotivatewkersindertoboostproductivity.Indeedthespecialissueedits—Steer
3、sMowdayShapiro(2004)—brieflyaddressthequestionasadescryiptivematter.Theysuggestthatthemotivationfmanagerstoansweritistoenhanceindividualgroupperfmancewhilethemotivationfresearchersistosuppttheiesofeffectivemanagement.The
4、lackofattentiontothequestionasanmativematterhoweverisremarkableespeciallysincetheguesteditsmakeadirectconnectionbetweenearlydevelopmentsinmotivationtheythehistyofphilosophicalpsychologicalethics.Theethicsofwkmotivationth
5、eyareimptantbecausemotivationalefftscanexertcontroloverindividualmalautonomy.Amongotherthingsmotivationusuallyinvolvesthemanipulationofvaluesthatmotivateindividualstowkfganizationalends.Inotherwdsfactsthatindividualwkers
6、regardasvaluableneedtobechanneledredirectedtoaugmentganizationalproductivity.Manipulationofvaluesdoesnotnecessarilymeansubvertingdisregardingmalautonomytothecontraryonecommonthemeinwkmotivationtheyisthateffectivemotivati
7、onalstrategiesoftenseektosatiatewkersindertosuppttheirproductivity.FexampleFriedSlowik(2004)discusstheroleoftimeingoalsettingtheysupptingtheconceptionthatwkers’individualgoalsarerelevantmotivationalvaluesbutalsoshowingth
8、atsubjectivetimeconsiderationsmayinfluencethepowerpriitizationofgoals.SimilarlyKanferAckerman(2004)arguethattheeffectivenessofmotivationalstrategieswouldbenefitfromproducemeofwhattheganizationwantshimhertoproducewithpayf
9、perfmanceincentiveswhereasanotherindividualtowhomrecognitionisimptantmaybeenticedwhenhesheisofferedanimpressivetitleopptunitiesfgreatermanagerialresponsibility.Onthisviewthewker’svaluesarenotimptantbecausetheyareindividu
10、allyvaluabletheyareimptantbecausetheyareganizationallyvaluable.Takentoitslogicalconclusionthisperspectivesuggeststhatindividualvaluesareganizationallyvaluableonlytotheextentthattheirbenefitsoutweighttheircoststhattheirco
11、stsshouldbeminimized.Sofexampleifwksatisfactionwereanimptantindividualvalueofasubstantialpercentageoftheemployeepopulationinanganizationexperiencinghighturnoveritwouldbehoovemanagementtoconsiderstrategiesfincreasingwksat
12、isfactionwhichcouldpotentiallymeananythingfromcomplexwkfamilybalanceprogramstojobredesign.Methanlikelyassuggestedbythefumarticlesthesolutionwouldinvolveacomplicatedvarietyofstrategiesaimedatwkersmotivatedbydiversefactsde
13、pendingontheirvariousagesgoalsaffectiveexperiencessoon.Howeveritmightbesimplerlesscostlytoappealtoanotherwidelysharedindividualvalue—materialwellbeing—bythrowingmoneyattheproblemwithanacrosstheboardsalaryincrease.Inthisc
14、asethisactionmighteffectivelyaddresstheturnoverproblemwithoutfundamentallyaddressingthewksatisfactiondeficit.Theexamplesuggeststhateventhoughwksatisfactionhasindividualvaluetomanyemployeesithasaprice.Italsosuggeststhatwk
15、erscanbeboughtfthatprice.Withoutanethicaldimensioncontemparywkmotivationtheyimpliesthatbypullingtherightstringsmanagementcanplaypuppeteertowkers’mariotes.Thisperspectivedoesnotseemtoprogresswellbeyondhisticalproblemsthat
16、theguesteditsindicatewkmotivationtheyhasbeenadvancedtoaddress—amongthemaviewofwkersashedonisticanoverlypaternalisticconceptionofmanagementgenerallyproductivitydeclinesthatarisefroma“failuretotreatwkersashumanbeings”(Stee
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