2023年全國碩士研究生考試考研英語一試題真題（含答案詳解+作文范文）_第1頁
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1、Chapter3課后習(xí)題答案課后習(xí)題答案SolutionstotheProblemsintheTextbookConceptualProblems1.Aproductionfunctionprovidesaquantitativelinkbetweeninputsoutput.FexampletheCobbDouglasproductionfunctionmentionedinthetextisofthefm:Y=F(NK)=AN1?K

2、?.InthisfunctionYrepresentsthelevelofoutput1??areweightsequaltothesharesoflab(N)capital(K)inproductionwhileAmeasuresallothercontributionstooutputinparticularthatoftechnology.Itcanbeshownthatlabcapitaleachcontributetoecon

3、omicgrowthbyanamountthatisequaltotheirindividualgrowthratesmultipliedbytheirrespectivesharesinincome.2.TheSolowgrowthmodelpredictsconvergencethatiscountrieswiththesameproductionfunctionsavingsratepopulationgrowthwilleven

4、tuallyreachthesamelevelofincomepercapita.Inotherwdsapocountrymayeventuallycatchuptoaricheronebysavingatthesameratemakinguseofthesametechnologicalinnovations.Howeverifthesecountrieshavedifferentsavingsratestheywillreachdi

5、fferentlevelsofincomepercapitaeventhoughtheirlongtermeconomicgrowthrateswillbethesame.3.Aproductionfunctionthatomitsthestockofnaturalresourcescannotadequatelypredicttheimpactofasignificantchangeintheexistingstockofnatura

6、lresourcesontheeconomicperfmanceofacountry.Fexamplethediscoveryofnewoilreservesanentirelynewresourcewouldhaveasignificantpositiveeffectonacountry’slevelofGDPthatcouldnotbepredictedbysuchaproductionfunction.4.Interpreting

7、theSolowresidualpurelyastechnologicalprogresswouldignefexampletheimpactthathumancapitalhasonthelevelofoutput.Inotherwdsthisresidualnotonlycapturestheeffectoftechnologicalprogressbutalsotheeffectofchangesinhumancapital(H)

8、achievedthroughmeeducationtrainingonthegrowthrateofoutput.Toeliminatethisproblemwecanexplicitlyincludehumancapitalintheproductionfunctionsuchthat1a.AccdingtoEquation(2)thegrowthofoutputisequaltothegrowthinlabtimeslab’ssh

9、areofincomeplusthegrowthofcapitaltimescapital’sshareofincomeplustherateoftechnicalprogressthatis?YY=(1?)(?NN)?(?KK)?AAwhere1?istheshareoflab(N)?istheshareofcapital(K).Therefeifweassumethattherateoftechnologicalprogressis

10、zero(?AA=0)outputgrowsatanannualrateof3.6percentsince?YY=(0.6)(2%)(0.4)(6%)0%=1.2%2.4%=3.6%b.Thesocalled“Ruleof70“suggeststhatthelengthoftimeittakesfoutputtodoublecanbecalculatedbydividing70bythegrowthrateofoutput.Since7

11、03.6=19.44itwilltakejustunder20yearsfoutputtodoubleatanannualgrowthrateof3.6%.c.Nowthat?AA=2%wecancalculateeconomicgrowthas?YY=(0.6)(2%)(0.4)(6%)2%=1.2%2.4%2%=5.6%.Thusitwilltake705.6=12.5yearsfoutputtodoubleatthisnewgro

12、wthrateof5.6%.2a.AccdingtoEquation(2)thegrowthofoutputisequaltothegrowthinlabtimestheshareoflabplusthegrowthofcapitaltimestheshareofcapitalplusthegrowthrateoftotalfactproductivitythatis?YY=(1?)(?NN)?(?KK)?AAwhere1?isthes

13、hareoflab(N)?istheshareofcapital(K).Inthisexample?=0.3therefeifoutputgrowsat3%labcapitalgrowat1%eachwecancalculatethechangeintotalfactproductivityinthefollowingway3%=(0.7)(1%)(0.3)(1%)?AA==?AA=3%1%=2%thatisthegrowthrateo

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